1、Designation: D7049 04 (Reapproved 2010)D7049 17Standard Test Method forMetal Removal Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in WorkplaceAtmospheres1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of both total collected particulate
3、matter and extractable massmetal removal metalworking fluid aerosol concentrations in the range of 0.050.07 to 5 mg/m3 in workplace atmospheres.1.2 This test method describes a standardized means of collecting worker exposure information that can be compared to existingexposure databases, using a te
4、st method that is also more specific to metal removal fluids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
5、the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principle
6、s on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling
7、 and Analysis of AtmospheresD3195 Practice for Rotameter CalibrationD3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias of Methods of Committee D22D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres Using Cyclone SamplersD4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD5337 Practice for
8、 Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling PumpsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 U.S. Government Standards:Regulations:329 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories2.
9、3 NIOSH Document:4Method 0500 NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), 4th Ed3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 breathing zone, nthe workers breathing zone consists
10、of a hemisphere 300-mm radius extending in front of the face,centered on the midpoint of a line joining the ears; the base of the hemisphere is a plane through this line, the top of the head andthe larynx.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the di
11、rect responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.Current edition approved April 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2017. Published June 2010October 2017. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as D7049 04. 04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D7049-04R10.10.1520/D7049-17.2 For ref
12、erencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Doc
13、uments, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.Occupational Safetyand Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicati
14、on of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be consi
15、dered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 extractable mass, nthe amount of material removed by liquid extraction of the filter using a mixed-polarity solventmixture. This mass is an approximatio
16、n of the metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThis mass is an approximation of the metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.3.2.2 filter set, na group of filters from the same production lot that are weighed and assembled into the filter cassettes at one
17、time. The filter set may be used for sampling on multiple days with the appropriate field blanks being submitted for each samplingday.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe filter set may be used for sampling on multiple days with the appropriate field blanks being submitted for each sampling day.3.2.3 metal removal
18、 fluids, nthe subset of metal working metalworking fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding toproduce the finished part. Metal removal part; such fluids are often characterized as straight, soluble, semisynthetic, and synthetic.3.2.3.1 DiscussionMetal removal Metalworking fluids addressed
19、by this practice test method include straight or neat oils, not intended for furtherdilution with water, and water-miscible soluble oils, semisynthetics,semi-synthetics, and synthetics, which are intended to bediluted with water before use. Metal removal Metalworking fluids become contaminated durin
20、g use in the workplace with a varietyof workplace substances including, but not limited to, abrasive particles, tramp oils, cleaners, dirt, metal fines and shavings,dissolved metal and hard water salts, bacteria, fungi, microbiological decay products, and waste. These contaminants can causechanges i
21、n the lubricity and cooling ability of the metal removal fluid as well as and may have the potential to adversely affectthe health and welfare of employees in contact with exposed to the contaminated metal removal fluid.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Workplace air is drawn into a 37-mm filter cassette
22、 containing a tared polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter for a measuredperiod of time. The total particulate matter concentration is calculated from the mass gain of the filter and the volume of airsampled.4.2 The filter is extracted with a ternary mixture of both nonpolar and polar solvents, a sec
23、ond mixture of methanol and water,dried, and reweighed. The extractable mass concentration is calculated from the loss of mass following extraction and the volumeof air sampled.4.3 As a cost-control procedure, the nonspecific total particulate matter concentration may be used in place of the extract
24、ablemass if the total particulate concentration is acceptable to the user of this test method.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method covers the gravimetric determinationmeasurement4 of metal removal fluid aerosol concentrations inworkplace atmospheres.5.2 TheThis test method provides total part
25、iculate matter concentrations for comparison with historical exposure databasescollected with the same technology.5.3 TheThis test method provides an extension to current nonstandardizednon-standardized methods by adding an extractablemass concentration which reduces interferences from nonmetal remo
26、val fluid aerosols.5.4 TheThis test method does not address differences between metal removal fluid types, but it does include extraction with abroad spectrum of solvent polarity to adequately remove anymany of the current fluid formulations from insoluble backgroundaerosol adequately.aerosol.55.5 T
27、heThis test method does not identify or quantify any specific putative toxins in the workplace that can be related to metalremoval fluid aerosols or vapors.5.6 TheThis test method does not address the loss of semivolatile compounds from the filter during or after collection.4 Available from National
28、 Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226.“NIOSH Method 0500,” in NIOSH Manual ofAnalytical Methods, 4th ed. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.Available from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676
29、Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226.5 Information from Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Assoc., Health and Safety Task Force, 651 S. Washington St., Alexandria, VA 22314.“NIOSH Method 5524,”in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 5th ed., http:/www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam.D7049 1726. Interferences6.1
30、The total particulate matter portion of thethis test method is not specific to metal removal fluid in the workplace and issubject to positive bias by other aerosol sources.6.2 The extractable mass concentration measurement improves the specificity of thethis test method by eliminating insolublebackg
31、round aerosol from the determination of the metal removal fluid aerosol concentration. This is an important considerationat low-exposure low exposure limits.6.3 Any metal removal fluid components that are insoluble in either extraction solvent mixture will not be measured in theextractable mass frac
32、tion.6.4 The total particulate and extractable mass concentrations measured with this test method are subject to a negative bias, tothe extent that semivolatile compounds are lost from the filter during sampling.6.4.1 Samples of workplace atmospheres in which metal removal fluids containing lower vi
33、scosity petroleum fractions orvolatile alkanolamines are used may be particularly subject to this negative bias both during sampling and during storage timebefore preceding analysis.6.5 Any insoluble materials that are lost from the filter during the extraction process will be reported as extractabl
34、e mass,resulting in a positive bias.7. Apparatus7.1 The sampling unit consists of a sampling pump and filter cassette.cassette sampler, connected by tubing.7.1.1 Sampling Pump, a constant-flow personal sampling pump capable of a flow rate of 2.0 L/min (65 %) through the filtercassette for a full wor
35、k shift (8 h).7.1.2 Filter Cassette, a closed-face (4-mm opening) two- or three-piece 37-mm filter cassette with filter-support pad and inletand outlet plugs.7.1.3 Filter, the filter shall be a 2-m PTFE membrane filter.7.1.4 Clips or harnesses, Suitable to provide a suitable means of attaching the p
36、ump and filter cassette to the worker forbreathing zone sampling.7.1.5 Field Blank, Tubing, a filter cassette prepared for sampling that has been taken to the workplace and handled in the samemanner as the analytical filters, but which has not had any air drawn through it.flexible, for connecting th
37、e sampling pump to thesampler.7.1.6 Precision Flow Meter, for calibration of sampler flow rates (for example, bubble flow meter, dry seal flow meter, or buretteand stopwatch).7.1.7 Rotameter, calibrated in accordance with Practice D3195 for field check of sampler flow rate.7.1.8 Weighing Room, with
38、temperature and humidity control to allow weighing under reproducible environmental conditionsof 22 6 2C and 65 % relative humidity in a range of 30 to 55 %.7.1.9 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 60.001 mg.7.1.9.1 Antistatic Strips, of 210Po + 5 %)(65 %) during the sample period.D7049 1751
39、1.2 Maintenance and repairs of the sampling and analytical equipment should be performed according to the recommendationsof the manufacturer and should be documented in maintenance records.11.3 The air flow rate calibration shall be performed according to Practice D5337.11.4 Check the calibration of
40、 the analytical balance (7.1.97.6) daily using National Institute of Standards and Technology ClassS-1.1 or ASTM Class 1 masses.12. Analytical Procedure12.1 Allow the filters to warm to ambient laboratory temperature. Clean the exterior of the filter cassette (7.1.2) with a moistlintless towel to av
41、oid sample contamination.12.2 Remove the tape from the cassette.12.3 Open the filter cassette (7.1.2) and carefully remove the filter (7.1.3) from the holder by inserting a rod through the outletand against the filter support.12.4 Desiccate the filter (7.1.3) in a chemical desiccator (7.1.117.9) ove
42、r CaSO4 for no more than 2 h. Do not desiccate in avacuum desiccator.12.5 Equilibrate or condition the filters (7.1.3) in the weighing room (7.1.87.5) for a minimum of 2 h.12.6 Place the filter under a 210Po antistatic strip (7.1.9.17.7).Asecond antistatic strip should be placed in the balance weigh
43、ingchamber, if possible.12.7 Weigh the filter (7.1.3) and record the mass to the nearest 0.001 mg (m2) using the same analytical balance (7.1.97.6) aswas used for the initial weighing.12.8 Place the filter in the filter funnel (7.1.127.10). Ensure that the filter funnel does not allow mechanical los
44、s of insolubleparticulate and that it does allow for quantitative collection of the washings for further chemical analysis of specific constituents,if desired. The funnel should be able to be cleaned between uses to prevent cross-contamination of samples.NOTE 5The use of disposable cassettes elimina
45、tes the possibility of cross-contamination, but cassettes should be checked by running blanks to ensurethat material is not extracted and added to the filter.12.9 Apply 10 mL of the ternary extraction solvent (8.58.5.1). Allow at least five minutes contact time.12.10 Apply vacuum to the filter funne
46、l. Assure that solvent vaporized does not contaminate the vacuum system.12.11 Apply 10 mL of the 1:1 v/v blend of methanol:water (8.5.2) to the filter and extract in the same manner as in 12.10,allowing at least one minute contact time.12.12 Apply an additional 10 mL of the ternary solvent mixture (
47、8.58.5.1) to the filter and extract in the same manner as Steps12.10 and 12.11, allowing at least one minute contact time.NOTE 6If desired, the solvent washings may be quantitatively collected for chemical analysis of specific contaminants.12.13 Rinse the inside of the extraction filter with a strea
48、m of the ternary solvent mixture (8.58.5.1) to return any insolubleparticulate to the filter and to aid in drying.12.13.1 If more rapid removal of solvent is desired, filters can be placed on a slightly warm, clean hot plate covered with newaluminum foil or in a clean, dust-free vacuum oven not to e
49、xceed 50C for a few minutes.12.14 Equilibrate the filter (7.1.3) in the weighing room for 2 h minimum.12.15 Place the filter under a 210Po antistatic strip (7.1.9.17.7).Asecond antistatic strip should be placed in the balance weighingchamber, if possible.12.16 Weigh the filter (7.1.3) and record the mass to the nearest 0.001 mg (m3) using the same analytical balance (7.1.97.6) aswas used for the previous weighings.12.17 Follow the same procedure (12.1 12.16) for the field blanks.12.18 Perform laboratory blank (7.1.137.11) analyses for total particulate matter an
