1、Designation: D 7058 04An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermination of the Red Dye Concentration and Estimationof Saybolt Color of Aviation Turbine Fuels and KerosineUsing a Portable Visible Spectrophotometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7058; the number
2、 immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.
3、1 This test method covers the determination of the red dyeconcentration of aviation turbine fuel and kerosine and theestimation of the Saybolt color of undyed and red dyed (0.180mg/L). The bias for the base fuels was within the standard errorof Test Method D 156.13.5 The precision statements in 13.1
4、 were derived from the1997 interlaboratory test program. Participants analyzed sevensets of undyed base fuels and 13 sets of dyed base fuel/colorcombinations in duplicate in the Saybolt color range of 16 to+30 and dye concentration from 0 to 0.374 mg/L, sevenlaboratories participated with the automa
5、tic apparatus and fivelaboratories participated with the manual Test Method D 156apparatus.514. Keywords14.1 aviation turbine fuel; kerosine; red dye concentration;Saybolt color; visible spectrometryANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF RED DYE/SAYBOLT COLOR STANDARDS, QUALI
6、FICATION SAMPLES,AND QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLESA1.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This annex is a description of the preparation of dyeconcentration and color standard samples used for calibrationand qualification. It also describes the preparation of possiblestandard samples that can be used for periodic checks.A1.2 Ap
7、paratusA1.2.1 Spectrophotometer, equipped to measure the absor-bance of solutions in the spectral region from 380 to 780 nmwith an effective spectral slit width of 10 6 2nmor56 1 nm.Wavelength measurements shall be repeatable and known to beaccurate to 0.1 nm. The photometric linearity is to be 60.5
8、 %of full scale and a photometric reproducibility of 60.2 %.A1.2.2 Sample Cells, constructed of optical glass or quartzhaving a path length of 1 6 0.001 cm for use with thespectrophotometer described in A1.2.1.A1.2.3 Filter Spectrophotometer, see 7.1.A1.2.4 Sample Cell, see 7.2. For use with the spe
9、ctropho-tometer described in A1.2.3.A1.2.5 Balance, with a readability of 0.1 mg, or better.A1.2.6 Pipettes, 0.5 mL, 1 mL, and 2 mL capacity, Class A.A1.2.7 Volumetric Flasks, 100 mL, 200 mL, and 250 mLcapacity, Class A.5Supporting data, results of the 1997 Interlaboratory Cooperative Test Program,h
10、ave been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR: D021521.D7058043A1.2.8 Beaker, 50 mL capacity.A1.3 ReagentsA1.3.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shallbe used in all tests. Unless other wise indicated, it is intendedthat all reagents c
11、onform to the specifications of the Committeeon Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Societywhere such specifications are available.6Other grades may beused, provided it is first asserted that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the de
12、termination.A1.3.2 Dyes:A1.3.2.1 3-Methyl-1-(phenyl azo)-pyrazol-5-ol (Yellow5GS-EX), with CAS Registry No. 4314-14-1.A1.3.2.2 1-(phenyl azo)-2-naphthalenol (Orange EX), withCAS Registry No. 842-07-9.A1.3.2.3 1,4 bis (butylamino)-9,10-anthracenedione (BlueSB), with CAS Registry No. 17354-14-2.A1.3.2
13、.4 1-2,5-dimethyl-4(2-methylphenyl)azophenylazo-2-naphthol (Solvent Red 26), with CAS Registry no.4477-79-6.A1.3.3 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane, (90 % min pu-rity).A1.3.4 Dodecane, anhydrous (99 % min purity).A1.3.5 Xylenes, A.C.S. reagent grade.A1.4 Preparation Procedure for the Saybolt Standa
14、rdSamplesA1.4.1 Measure 0.2500 6 0.0005 g of Yellow 5GS-EX intoa 50 mL beaker and dissolve the dye in 20 mL of 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane. Quantitatively transfer the Yellow5GS- EX solution to a 250-mL volumetric flask, dilute to themark with 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane and mix well.Thi
15、s solution is called the Yellow 5GS-EX dye solution.A1.4.2 Repeat the above procedure for the Orange EX andBlue SB dyes. These solutions are called Orange EX dyesolution and Blue SB dye solution, respectively.A1.4.3 Pipet 2 mL of the Yellow 5GS-EX solution into a200 mL volumetric flask, dilute to th
16、e mark with dodecane andmix well. Using separate flasks repeat this procedure with theOrange EX dye solution and the Blue SB dye solution.A1.4.4 At the wavelengths indicated in Table A1.1, measurethe absorbance of these solutions using the spectrophotometerand cells described in A1.2.1 and A1.2.2, r
17、espectively. Usedodecane as the reference material. If the measured absor-bances are not within the indicated ranges, adjust the solutioneither by adding more of the solid dye if the measuredabsorbances are less than the indicated absorbance range or byadding more 1,1-bis(3,4-dimethylphenyl)ethane i
18、f the mea-sured absorbances exceed the indicated absorbance range.A1.4.5 If the dye solutions meet the criteria of Table A1.1,then weigh 30.000 6 0.010 g of the Yellow 5GS-EX dyesolution, 10.000 6 0.005 g of Orange EX dye solution and1.000 6 0.001 g of Blue SB dye solution into a 100 mL amberglass b
19、ottle. Weigh 45.000 6 0.001 g of dodecane into thesame bottle and mix well. This solution is called the Sayboltcolor mixed dye solution.A1.4.6 Prepare the Solvent Red 26 solution by weighing0.0750 6 0.0005 g of Solvent Red 26 into a 250 mL volumetricflask, diluting to the mark with xylenes and mixin
20、g well.Calculate the concentration of the solution as follows:Ci5 W/0.250! (A1.1)where:Ci= concentration Solvent Red 26 solution in mg/L, andW = weight mass of the solid Solvent Red 26 in mg.A1.4.7 To generate the color standard samples, weigh theamount of the Saybolt color mixed dye solution and th
21、eSolvent Red 26 solution specified in Table A1.2 into a 250 mLvolumetric flask, dilute to the mark with dodecane, and mixwell. Calculate the concentration of the Solvent Red 26 in thecolor standard samples as follows:6Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Soci
22、ety, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.
23、TABLE A1.1 Dye Solution Absorption RangeDye Solution Wavelength (nm) AbsorptionYellow 5GS-EX 395 0.881 to 0.935Orange EX 465 0.519 to 0.541Blue SB 600 0.412 to 0.438645 0.465 to 0.494TABLE A1.2 Indicated Dye Mixture Masses (g) for Synthesis ofCalibration StandardsSamplesSayboltNumberAmount of the Sa
24、ybolt ColorMixed Dye Solution (g)Amount of the SolventRed 26 Solution1 30 0.200 6 0.001 0.0002 25 0.472 6 0.002 0.0003 19 1.087 6 0.002 0.0004 15 1.724 6 0.003 0.0005 12 2.083 6 0.004 0.0006 0 4.545 6 0.005 0.0007 -15 8.772 6 0.010 0.0008 30 0.200 6 0.001 0.0509 25 0.472 6 0.002 0.05010 19 1.087 6 0
25、.002 0.05011 15 1.724 6 0.003 0.05012 12 2.083 6 0.004 0.05013 0 4.545 6 0.005 0.05014 -15 8.772 6 0.010 0.05015 30 0.200 6 0.001 0.10016 25 0.472 6 0.002 0.10017 19 1.087 6 0.002 0.10018 15 1.724 6 0.003 0.10019 12 2.083 6 0.004 0.10020 0 4.545 6 0.005 0.10021 -15 8.772 6 0.010 0.10022 30 0.200 6 0
26、.001 0.20023 25 0.472 6 0.002 0.20024 19 1.087 6 0.002 0.20025 15 1.724 6 0.003 0.20026 12 2.083 6 0.004 0.20027 0 4.545 6 0.005 0.20028 -15 8.772 6 0.010 0.20029 30 0.200 6 0.001 0.50030 25 0.472 6 0.002 0.50031 19 1.087 6 0.002 0.50032 15 1.724 6 0.003 0.50033 12 2.083 6 0.004 0.50034 0 4.545 6 0.
27、005 0.50035 -15 8.772 6 0.010 0.500D7058044C 5 Ci W/d 250! (A1.2)where:C = concentration Solvent Red 26 in the color standardsample, mg/L,Ci= concentration of Solvent Red 26 solution from A1.4.6,W = weight mass of the Solvent Red 26 solution fromA1.4.6, g, andd = density at 15.6C of the xylenes mixt
28、ure using TestMethod D 4052.A1.4.8 The Saybolt color values assigned to the calibrationsamples listed in Table A1.2 can be confirmed using the devicedescribed in either Test Method D 156 or D 6045, or thetristimulus method described in Annex X2.2 of Test MethodD 6045. Use the samples (16) detailed i
29、n Table A1.2 that donot contain Solvent Red 26 for the Saybolt color determination.A2. PROCEDURE FOR CALIBRATION OF THE APPARATUSA2.1 ScopeA2.1.1 This annex describes the procedure for calculatingthe model for determining the Solvent Red 26 equivalents andthe model for estimating Saybolt color.A2.2
30、TerminologyA2.2.1 multivariate calibrationa process for creating acalibration model in which multivariate mathematics is appliedto correlate the absorbances measured for a set of calibrationsamples to reference component concentrations or propertyvalues for the set of samples.A2.2.1.1 DiscussionThe
31、multivariate calibration model isapplied to the analysis of spectra of unknown samples toprovide an estimate of the component concentration or prop-erty value for the unknown sample.A2.2.1.2 DiscussionThe multivariate calibration algo-rithm used in this test method to calculate the model isMultiline
32、ar Regression (MLR).A2.2.2 calibration transfera process for transferring thecalibration model from one master instrument to one or moresubject instruments using multivariate regression techniques.A2.3 Calibration of the ApparatusA2.3.1 Calibration MatrixPrepare calibration standardsin accordance wi
33、th the information in A1.4.A2.3.2 CalibrationUsing the filter spectrophotometer de-scribed in 7.1, acquire the absorption values for each of thecalibration solutions listed in Table A1.2.A2.3.2.1 Use MLR to develop a calibration model based onthe correlation of the set of calibration sample absorban
34、ces atthe three wavelengths listed in 7.1 to the known Solvent Red26 dye concentration by fitting to the following set of simul-taneous equations:Ci5 a1 x1,i1 . 1 an xn,i1 e (A2.1)where:Ci= the calculated red dye concentration, mg/L, of the ithcalibration sample from A1.4.7 and Table A1.2,an= the re
35、gression coefficient for the absorbance at thenth optical filter,xn,i= the absorbance at the nth optical filter for the ithcalibration sample, ande = the intercept.NOTE A2.1Consult Practices E 1655 and the references therein for anexplanation of MLR calculation.A2.3.2.2 Use MLR to develop a calibrat
36、ion model based onthe correlation of the set of calibration sample absorbances atthe three wavelengths listed in 7.1 to the known Saybolt colorby fitting to the following set of simultaneous equations:Saybolti5 b1 x1,i1 . 1 bn xn,i1 e (A2.2)where:Saybolti= the Saybolt color of the ith calibration sa
37、mplefrom Table A1.2,bn= the regression coefficient for the absorbance atthe nth optical filter,xn,i= the sample absorbance at the nth optical filter forthe ith calibration sample, ande = the intercept.NOTE A2.2Consult Practices E 1655 and the references therein for anexplanation of MLR calculation.A
38、2.4 Calibration TransferA2.4.1 Follow the procedure described in A1.4.1 and A1.4.3to synthesize a series of six transfer solutions by using 0.300,0.200, 0.100, 0.050, and 0.025 g of Yellow 5GS-EX dye.A2.4.2 Repeat the procedure from A2.4.1 using Blue SB,and Red 5B-SP dyes.A2.4.3 Acquire the absorban
39、ce values for each solutiongenerated in A2.4.1 and A2.4.2 using the master instrument andthe subject instrument.A2.4.4 Use MLR to calculate a model for each filter thattransforms the subject instrument absorbance into the masterinstrument absorbance.A2.4.5 The red dye concentration model and the Say
40、boltcolor estimation model calculated for the master instrument areused with the transformed subject instrument absorbancevalues to perform the analyses using the subject instrument.D7058045A3. PROCEDURE FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF THE APPARATUSINTRODUCTIONOnce a calibration has been established, the c
41、alibrated instrument shall be qualified to ensure thatthe instrument accurately and precisely measures red dye concentration and estimates the Sayboltcolor.A3.1 ScopeA3.1.1 This annex describes the qualification procedure forthe apparatus.A3.2 Qualification of Instrument PerformanceA3.2.1 Prepare at
42、 least 12 qualification samples accordingto the procedures described in A1.4. These qualificationsamples shall be similar to, but not the same as, the mixturesestablished for the calibration samples. Prepare the qualifica-tion samples such that the red dye concentration and theSaybolt color spans at
43、 least 95 % of the calibration range.NOTE A3.1The qualification procedure was developed before thePractice E 2056 was written and this procedure does not completelyconform to the requirements of Practice E 2056.A3.2.2 Use the procedure described in Section 12 to deter-mine the Solvent Red 26 equival
44、ent dye concentration and theestimated Saybolt color for each of the qualification samples.A3.2.3 For each of the surrogate qualification samples,calculate the difference, di, between the measured red dyeconcentration, y, and the red dye concentration calculated fromthe preparation of the sample, y.
45、 Calculate the average, d,ofthedifference values, di.A3.2.4 The Standard Error of Qualification, SEQsurrogate,iscalculated as:SEQsurrogate5(i51qyi2 yi!2q(A3.1)A3.2.4.1 The variable q is the number of qualificationsamples used for the red dye concentration measurement.A3.2.5 Calculate the Students t
46、value using Eq A3.2.t 5Ud=q 2 1SEQsurrogateU (A3.2)A3.2.6 Repeat the calculations described in A3.2.3, A3.2.4,and A3.2.5 using the estimated Saybolt color results.A3.2.7 Compare both t values to the critical t value for n1degrees of freedom. If either of the t values is greater than thecritical t va
47、lue, then there is a 95 % probability that the resultsare biased, and the instrument is not qualified to perform thetest. Have maintenance performed on the instrument and repeatthe calibration and qualification procedures as required.A3.2.8 Compare the standard error of qualification to thepooled er
48、ror of qualification calculated for the instruments usedin the test methods round robin.A3.2.8.1 For the red dye concentration, calculate an F valueby dividing (SEQsurrogate)2by 0.005. Compare the result to thecritical F value for q degrees of freedom in the numerator and67 degrees of freedom in the
49、 denominator. If the calculated Fvalue is greater than the critical F value (Table A3.2), theinstrument is not qualified to estimate the red dye concentra-tion. Have maintenance performed on the instrument andrepeat the calibration and qualification procedures, as required.If the calculated F value for the red dye is less than the criticalF value, the instrument is qualified to determine the red dyeconcentration.A3.2.8.2 For the Saybolt color, calculate an F value bydividing (SEQsurrogate)2by 0.88. Compare the result to thecritical F value for q degre
