1、Designation: D7063/D7063M 17D7063/D7063M 18Standard Test Method forEffective Porosity and Effective Air Voids of CompactedAsphalt Mixture Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7063/D7063M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption
2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of effective porosity or effective
3、air voids of compacted mixtures by the use ofa vacuum sealing method.1.2 This method can be used for compacted field and laboratory asphalt mixture samples, as well as other compacted sampleswith well-defined geometrical shapes, such as concrete cylinders, cored rocks, and metal samples.1.3 The resu
4、lts of this test method can be used to determine the degree of interconnectivity of air voids within a sample andcan be correlated to permeability of compacted asphalt mixture samples.1.4 A multi-laboratory precision and bias statement for this standard has not been developed at this time. Therefore
5、, thisstandard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalent;equivalents; therefore, each system
6、shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
7、 considered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine
8、theapplicability of regulatory requirementslimitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommenda
9、tions issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and PavementsD979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for A
10、gencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ConstructionMaterials TestingD5361/D5361M Practice for Sampling Compacted Asphalt Mixtures for Laboratory TestingD7227/D7227M Practice
11、 for Rapid Drying of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Vacuum Drying ApparatusE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D8.1 This test method is under
12、 the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on SpecificGravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures.Current edition approved on June 15, 2017Aug. 15, 2018. Published June 2017August 2018. Originally published in 2005. Last a
13、pproved in 20112017 asD7063/D7063M 11.D7063/D7063M 17. DOI: 10.1520/D7063_D7063M-17.10.1520/D7063_D7063M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the stand
14、ards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accuratel
15、y, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14
16、. Significance and Use4.1 In this test method, a compacted sample is vacuum sealed inside a plastic bag. The density of the sample, SG1, is calculatedusing a water displacement method, with the sample sealed. With the sample still in water, the bag is cut open. Since the sampleis under vacuum and th
17、e air voids are evacuated, water will rush in to fill all the water-accessible air voids in the compacted sample.With the saturated weight of sample known, an apparent maximum density, SG2, can be calculated. The difference between SG2and SG1 is the measure of the amount of water that has penetrated
18、 the compacted sample. This difference can be used to determinethe fraction of total number of voids that are accessible to water, effective percent porosity or percent effective air voids.4.2 The results obtained from this method can be used to determine the percentage of total air voids in a compa
19、cted sample thatcan be filled with water through surface or interconnected paths within the sample. In general, effective percent porosity shouldbe less than total percent air voids.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing
20、 the procedure and thecapability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capableof competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specif
21、ication D3666 alone doesnot completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similaracceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.4.3 This method can be used for 100-mm 4-
22、in. and 150-mm 6-in.100 mm 4 in. and 150 mm 6 in. diameter cylindricalsamples and cubical samples.5. Apparatus5.1 Balance, with ample capacity, and with sufficient sensitivity to enable bulk specific gravity of specimens to be calculatedto at least four significant figures, that is, to at least thre
23、e decimal places. It shall be equipped with a suitable apparatus3 to permitweighing the specimen while it is suspended in water. The balance shall conform to Guide D4753 as a class GP2 balance.NOTE 2Since there are no more significant figures in the quotient (bulk specific gravity) than appear in ei
24、ther the dividend (the mass of the specimenin air) or in the divisor (the volume of the specimen, obtained from the difference in mass of the specimen in air and in water), this means that the balancemust have a sensitivity capable of providing both mass and volume values to at least four figures. F
25、or example, a sensitivity of 0.1 g 0.00022 lb wouldprovide four significant figures for the determination of a mass in the range from 130.0 to 999.9 g 0.29 to 2.20 lb when the specific gravity is 2.300.5.2 Water Bath, with minimum dimensions (length width depth) of 610 by 460 by 460 mm 24 by 18 by 1
26、8 in. or a largecylindrical container with a minimum diameter of 460 mm and depth of 460 mm 18 by 18 in., for completely submerging thespecimen in water while suspended, equipped with an overflow outlet for maintaining a constant water level and temperaturecontrols to maintain the water temperature
27、at 25 6 1 C 77 6 2 F.NOTE 3It is preferable to keep the water temperature constant by using a temperature-controlled heater.Also, to reduce the chance for the bag to touchthe sides of the water tank, it is preferable to elevate the water tank to a level at which the sample can be placed on the weigh
28、ing mechanism while theoperator is standing up (waist height), and the placement of the sample and the bag in the water tank can easily be inspected.5.3 Cushioned Holder, for water displacement of the sample, having no sharp edges.NOTE 4To avoid accidental puncture of the plastic bags in the water b
29、ath, plastic-coated cushioned holders have been found to work well for thistest method.5.4 Vacuum Chamber, with a pump capable of evacuating a sealed and enclosed chamber to a pressure of 6 mm Hg 6 Torr,when at sea level. The chamber shall be large enough to test samples 150 mm 6 in. wide by 350 mm
30、14 in. long by 150 mm6 in. thick. The device shall automatically seal the plastic bag and exhaust air back into the chamber in a controlled manner toensure proper conformance of the plastic to the specimen. The air exhaust and vacuum operation time shall be set at the factoryso that the chamber is b
31、rought to atmospheric pressure in 80 to 125 s, after the completion of the vacuum operation. The vacuumsystem shall be provided with a latch to control the chamber door opening.5.5 Vacuum Measurement Gage, independent of the vacuum sealing device, that could be placed directly inside the chamber tov
32、erify vacuum performance and the chamber door sealing condition of the unit. The gage shall be capable of reading down to 3mm Hg 3 Torr and readable to 1 mm Hg 1 Torr.5.6 Plastic Bags, used with the vacuum device shall be one of the two following sizes. The smaller bags shall have a minimumopening o
33、f 235241 mm 9.259.50 in. and maximum opening of 260267 mm 10.2510.50 in., and the larger bags shall have aminimum opening of 375368 mm 14.7514.50 in. and a maximum opening of 394 mm 15.5 in. The bags shall be of plasticmaterial that will not adhere to asphalt film, is puncture resistant, is capable
34、of withstanding sample temperatures of up to 70 C158 F, is impermeable, and contains no air channels for evacuation of air from the bag.The bags shall have a minimum thicknessof 0.127 mm 0.005 in. and maximum thickness of 0.178 mm 0.007 in. The apparent specific gravity for the bags shall be3 The so
35、le source of supply of the apparatus and the method known to the committee at this time is InstroTek, Inc., Raleigh, NC. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible te
36、chnical committee,1 which youmay attend.D7063/D7063M 182provided by the manufacturer for each bag shipment. The apparent specific gravities provided for each size bag shall account forthe different sample weights and bag weight used during testing.5.7 Specimen Sliding Plate, used within the chamber
37、for reduction of friction on the plastic bags.5.8 Bag-Cutting Knife, or scissors.5.9 Thermometer, readable to 1 C 2 F.6. Verification6.1 System Verification:6.1.1 The vacuum settings of the device shall be verified once every three months, after major repairs, and after each shipmentor relocation.6.
38、1.2 Place the gage inside the chamber and record the setting. The gage shall indicate a pressure of 6 mm Hg 6 Torr or less.The unit should not be used if the gage reading is above 6 mm Hg 6 Torr.6.1.3 Vacuum gage used for verification shall be verified for accuracy once every three years.NOTE 5On li
39、ne On-line vacuum gages, while capable of indicating vacuum performance of the pump, are not suitable for use in enclosed vacuumchambers and can not accurately measure vacuum levels.7. Sampling7.1 Test specimens shall be molded from laboratory-prepared samples or taken from the pavement in the field
40、. Obtain fieldsamples in accordance with Practices D979/D979M and D5361/D5361M.8. Test Specimen8.1 It is recommended, (1) that the diameter of cylindrically molded or cored specimens, or the length of the sides of sawedspecimens be at least equal to four times the maximum size of the aggregate; and
41、(2) that the thickness of specimens be at leastone and one-half one-and-one-half times the maximum size of the aggregate. Pavement specimens are to be taken by such meansas coring, sawing of blocks, and so forth.8.2 Take care to avoid distortion, bending, or cracking of specimens during and after re
42、moval from pavement or mold. Storespecimens in a safe, cool place.8.3 Specimens shall be free of foreign materials such as sealcoat, tack coat, foundation material, soil, paper, or foil. When anyof these materials is visually evident, it shall be removed. Sealcoat or tackcoat, or both, may be remove
43、d by sawing the bottomor the top faces, or both, of the sample.8.4 If desired, separate specimens from other pavement layers by sawing or other suitable means.8.5 Use a brush or a soft sanding block to break sharp edges around the top and bottom corners of the sample.9. Procedure9.1 Set the vacuum c
44、hamber to operate at a pressure of 6 mm Hg 6 Torr for a minimum of 5 min.9.2 Mass of Unsealed Specimen:9.2.1 Laboratory-Prepared SpecimensDetermine the mass of the specimen after it has cooled to room temperature. Designatethis mass as A.9.2.2 Cores and Specimens Containing MoistureDry the specimen
45、to constant mass. Designate this mass as A. Constant massis defined as less than 0.05 % change in mass between consecutive drying intervals.NOTE 6For accurate porosity determination, specimen should not be dried in the oven at temperatures above 30 C 85 F. Oven drying will damagesample integrity. Va
46、cuum drying method (Practice D7227/D7227M) for drying specimens is ideal for this test method.9.3 Mass of Sealed Specimen:9.3.1 Select an appropriate size bag. For all 100-mm 4-in.100 mm 4 in. diameter samples and samples with 150-mm6-in.150 mm 6 in. diameter and less than 50-mm 2-in.50 mm 2 in. thi
47、ckness, use the bag with smaller opening size asspecified in 5.6. For 150-mm 6-in.150 mm 6 in. samples with greater than 50-mm 2-in.50 mm 2 in. thickness, use the largeropening size bags as specified in 5.6. For samples that weigh more than 5500 g 12.13 lb, use manufacturers recommendationfor approp
48、riate bag size and configuration.NOTE 7Protect the bag during storage. Rough handling, storing in proximity to sharp objects such as tools, aggregate, or inside drawers will damagethe plastic bag. Refer to manufacturers recommendation for handling and safe storage.9.3.2 Inspect the bag for holes or
49、irregularities, record the mass of the bag, and place the bag inside the vacuum chamber ontop of the specimen sliding plate.9.3.3 Gently open the bag and place the specimen in the plastic bag on top of the specimen sliding plate, being careful to handlethe bag in such a manner that would prevent a puncture. Avoid dropping or impacting the bag, and follow manufacturersrecommendations for handling the specimens and the bags.D7063/D7063M 1839.3.4 Allow the vacuum chamber to re
