1、Designation: D 7073 05Standard Guide forApplication and Evaluation of Brush and Roller AppliedPaint Films1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes procedures for the application ofbrush or roller, or both, applied paint films to sealed wallboardfor
3、 evaluating application properties.1.2 Because both the application and panel evaluation aresubjective, this guide should be used only for comparativetesting within one laboratory using one operator for each set ofapplications, as the ratings assigned by different laboratoriesmay not agree.1.3 The v
4、alues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate
5、 safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-tioning and Testing Pain
6、t, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedMaterialsD 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD 4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter ResistanceDuring Roller ApplicationD 5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-ationD 5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-
7、Roller Covers forEvaluationD 5301 Practice for Physical Characterization of PaintBrushesD 5913 Test Method for Evaluation of Cleanability of PaintBrushesE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry2.2 Other Document:Pictorial Standards of Paint R
8、oller Spatter, shown in thePictorials Standards of Coating Defects33. Summary of Guide3.1 The test paints are applied with either a brush or a rollerat an agreed upon spreading rate onto sealed test panels usingboth one and two coat applications and after drying, the panelsare evaluated for various
9、application properties.4. Significance and Use4.1 Laboratory measurement of application properties ofarchitectural coatings generally employ a blade-type applica-tors that lay down films of highly uniform thickness. Applica-tors, such as brushes and rollers, typically apply films that lackuniformity
10、 due to variations in rheology, film build, flow andleveling properties resulting in the practical hiding of mostpaints being less than that measured on films applied with ablade-type applicator. This guide provides an indication of theactual application properties of the paint, as applied by acontr
11、actor or consumer.5. Apparatus5.1 Container, to hold paint, for example, a quart can.5.2 Good Quality Paint Brush, 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in.) inwidth with a chiseled tip.NOTE 1The applicator should be aware that a brush can be a mixturehaving several chemically different filaments or bristles, or bot
12、h, in severalcross sections, with different thickness and length. Use the same type andmake of paint brush for all applications. See Practice D 5301 for guidance.5.3 Good Quality Paint Roller, typically 75 to 225 mm (3 to9 in.) in length.NOTE 2Rollers constructed from woven fabric with a short nap 4
13、.8 to6.4 mm (316 to14 in.) are used in typical laboratory testing of interiorpaints.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.61 on Paint Application Tools.Current edition
14、approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published February 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fro
15、m Federation of Societies for Coating and Technology, (FSCT),492 Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 3It is critical for proper performance to break-in the brush orroller befo
16、re application following procedures outlined in Practice D 5068or D 5069. Until a brush or roller cover is broken-in (saturated with paint),only part of the paint loaded onto the applicator can be transferred to thesurface being painted.5.4 Paint Tray.5.5 Paint Roller Frame, of the same size as the
17、paint-rollercover being used.5.6 Balance, to weigh brush to the nearest 0.1 g.5.7 Weight/Gallon Cup, or any other type of pycnometersuitable for determining paint density to 0.1 lb/gal.5.8 Spray Gun, any commercially available and typicallyused to spray paint walls.6. Materials6.1 Test Paints.6.2 Pa
18、int-Out Panels, typically laminated fiberboard orupson/universal board a minimum of 610 by 610 mm (24 by 24in.) or preferably larger, with at least one smooth side. The sizeand type of test panel to be used will be governed by thebrush/roller size and intended use of the paint. Alternately, a1220 by
19、 1220 mm (48 by 48 in.) panel of paper-faced gypsumwallboard can be used.6.3 Latex-Base Primer, as agreed upon by user or recom-mended by manufacturer of the paints.6.4 Masking Tap, Clamps or any Suitable Fastener,tosecure the panel to a flat surface.6.5 Control Paint (optional)Since there are no st
20、andardpanels, photographs, or paints for this practice, an agreed-uponpaint of know application properties can be included with thetest paints as a control.7. Sampling and Conditioning7.1 Sample test paint in accordance with Practice D 3925.7.2 Condition the test paints in accordance with Condition-
21、ing and Testing section of Specification D 3924.7.3 All testing should be performed under the same condi-tions.8. Panel Preparation8.1 Apply the latex primer, preferably by spray, to the entireface of a smooth side of the test panel so as to coat it uniformlyat a spreading rate of approximately 11 m
22、2/L (450 6 25 ft2/gal)or as recommended by the manufacturer. An alternativemethod used is to leave between14 or13 of the bottom area ofthe panel unprimed to evaluate the effects of painting overprimed and unprimed areas.NOTE 4Typically a portion of the primer paint is tinted to a gray colorhaving a
23、reflectance of approximately 30 6 5 units as measured with areflectometer in accordance with Test Method E 1347. A white primer cantypically be tinted with a water-based universal black colorant usingapproximately 2 % by weight of colorant to a quart of the primer. A 3 in.stripe of the tinted primer
24、 is applied by roller across the width of the testpanel in the center of the primed area. This is the section that can be usedfor the visual evaluation of practical or wet hiding.8.2 Air dry and examine the panel for uniformity of theprimer application. If the appearance of the panel is satisfac-tor
25、y, proceed with the application of the test paints.8.3 Mount and secure the primed panel in a vertical positionat a convenient height with the length of the panel horizontal toa surface that is vertical or within 5 of vertical (top slopingaway from the operator).9. Application of Paint Films9.1 Afte
26、r the brush or roller has been properly broken-in(see Note 3), the test paint may be applied either following themanufacturers recommended spreading rate, or using the samespreading rate for all paints under test or according to agree-ment between purchaser and user. A spreading rate of 11.0m2/L (40
27、0 6 25 ft2/gal) is suggested if there is no otherpreference.NOTE 5Paints may also be applied freely until the gray stripe on thetest panel is visually covered (wet hide). Report the amount of paintneeded to obtain wet hide and the spreading rate to obtain wet hiding asshown below.9.2 Apply the paint
28、 to the entire panel. Note the ease ofapplication of the test paint. Also note any foaming andspattering of the paint when using a roller. Determine thedensity of the test paint using a pycnometer (weight per galloncup) following procedures outlined in Test Method D 1475.After recording the amount o
29、f paint applied to the test paneland report the spreading rate, calculated as follows:Spreading Rate ft2/gal!5 (1)454 3 Density of Test Paint lbs/gal!3Area of Panel in.2!144 3 g Applied9.3 The test paint is allowed to dry and then a second coatis applied to an area on the right side of the panel, ty
30、picallyabout13 the area of the panel. Before the second coat is dried,typically about 10 min, a 6 in. wide stripe is applied covering3 in. of the one coat and 3 in. of the two coat areas. Thistechnique is meant to evaluate the lap properties of the paintencountered when a painter stops painting and
31、then continues.(See Fig. 1.)9.4 Allow the panel to dry overnight. Apply the paint,typically by brush, to a 4 square inch area on the two-coat areaof the panel. This technique is meant to evaluate the touch-upproperties of the paint, simulating when a painter needs totouch-up an area that was missed
32、the next day.9.5 Allow the panel to dry overnight and rate the panel forthe following properties, using the rating scale as outlined inthe ASTM Standardized Scoring Scheme (see 9.6):Ease of ApplicationFoaming (roller only)Spatter (roller only) See Note 7Practical Hiding (over one coat area)LevelingS
33、heen/Gloss Uniformity See Note 6One Coat versus Two Coat AreasPrimed versus Unprimed AreasLap AreaTouch-up AreaNOTE 6Visual evaluations should be conducted with the same lightsource and preferably at the same viewing angle. View low gloss finishesat a 5 angle to the plane of the panel (85 to the nor
34、mal) looking towarda strong light source. View gloss or semi-gloss coatings at 30 to the panel(60 to the normal).NOTE 7Typically, paper of convenient size to which the spatterdroplets will adhere and of a color to contrast that of the paint under testis either attached to the roller handle or placed
35、 under the application panelas catch paper. The frequency and density of the spatter droplets are scoredD7073052using the ASTM Standardized Scoring Scheme. A more quantitativemethod of evaluating spatter resistance of paints can be found in TestMethod D 4707.9.6 The above properties are rated in acc
36、ordance with theASTM Standardized Scoring Scheme (Note 6) shown below,where 10 is perfect or no effect and 0 indicates completefailure.Rating or Score Effect/Change10 None8 Trace6 Slight4 ModerateRating or Score Effect/Change2 Severe0 CompleteFailure9.7 Before application of another paint, the brush
37、 should beproperly cleaned following procedures outlined in Test MethodD 5913. New unused similar roller covers are preferable foreach test.10. Keywords10.1 application; paint brush films; paint roller filmsFIG. 1 Test Panel ApplicationD7073053APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BRUSH APPLICATION
38、PROPERTIESX1.1 The choice of applicator used in a laboratory testinvolving brushouts to evaluate various paint properties such asleveling or hiding can have a profound effect on the resultsobtained. Applicators can begin to understand about the prob-able performance of a brush by reviewing Practice
39、D 5301.Brush performance is affected by the way that the filament tipsare shaped such as flat, dome shaped or chiseled to a tip.Filaments themselves can be tipped or flagged, or both, andlevel or tapered. Filaments come in a variety of shapes andcompositions. The amount and type of this “finishing”
40、willaffect brushout performance. Always use the highest qualitypaint brush when performing any laboratory tests.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advis
41、ed that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either r
42、eapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If
43、you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D7073054
