1、Designation: D7089 06 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Practice forDetermination of the Effectiveness of Anti-Graffiti Coatingfor Use on Concrete, Masonry and Natural Stone Surfacesby Pressure Washing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7089; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a basic method
3、for evaluating theperformance of anti-graffiti products on mineral building sub-strates by a series of increasingly abrasive cleaning methods.The anti-graffiti materials are applied to a series of concrete,masonry and natural stone specimens for evaluation. Graffitiresistance is based on how a defin
4、ed set of markings areremoved by a designated set of cleaning techniques.1.2 This practice also defines a procedure to evaluate graffitiremoval after re-marking with subsequent re-cleaning. It doesnot address the re-treatment of substrates after a material is nolonger graffiti resistant.1.3 The valu
5、es stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate saf
6、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning andTesting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related MaterialsD6578 Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resis
7、tance3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 graffti resistant, nthe property of coatings to beresistance to the application of graffiti or exhibit easy removalof graffiti without surface damage, or both.3.1.2 non-sacrificial anti-graffti coatings, nthe propertyof a coating in which they remain intact o
8、r undamaged after theremoval of graffiti from their surface.3.1.3 sacrificial anti-graffti coatings, nthe property ofcoatings in which they are destroyed or damaged during theremoval of graffiti, therefore requiring subsequent re-application.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Spray paints and markers are app
9、lied to a series ofconcrete, masonry and natural stone test panels pre-treatedwith the product(s) to be evaluated. The paint(s) and mark(ers)are removed using a series of commercial building cleaningmethods which begin with the least aggressive method, high-pressure water wash with a commercial graf
10、fiti cleaner andproceed to increasingly aggressive cleaning methods such ashigh-pressure hot water wash and high-pressure sodium bicar-bonate wash.5. Significance and Use5.1 Graffiti on buildings and structures is a significantproblem in various regions across the country. A variety ofcoatings have
11、been developed to be either resistant to theapplication of paints/marker or to aid in their removal. Thisstandard practice describes a procedure for evaluating theeffectiveness of anti-graffiti coatings applied to variousconcrete, masonry and natural stone substrates. It does notaddress graffiti rem
12、oval on metal or any other non-mineralsubstrate.5.2 This practice only addresses graffiti removal on sub-strates in a laboratory environment, that have not been exposedto either natural or artificial weathering. Specification D6578describes a method for graffiti removal after both natural andartific
13、ial weathering.6. Apparatus6.1 Commercial based graffiti removers used for concrete,masonry and stone surfaces are utilized to remove graffiti.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofS
14、ubcommittee D01.47 on Concrete, Stone and Masonry Treatments.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7089 06. DOI:10.1520/D7089-06R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, o
15、rcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Follow manufacture
16、r guidelines for application instructions.This is followed by high-pressure cold water washer to cleanthe substrate.6.2 High-pressure cold water washer, capable of maintain-ing a pressure of 800 to 1500 psi, equipped with a fan typespray tip that disperses water at an angle of at least 15 degrees,wi
17、th a flow rate of 4 to 6 gal per minute.6.3 High-pressure hot water washer, capable of maintaininga pressure of 800 to 1500 psi, and temperatures of 140 to 180Fequipped with a fan type spray tip that disperses water at anangle of at least 15 degrees, with a flow rate of 4 to 6 gal perminute.6.4 High
18、-pressure sodium bicarbonate washer, capable ofmaintaining a pressure of 800 to 1500 psi, equipped with a fantype spray tip that disperses water at an angle of at least 15degrees, with a flow rate of 4 to 6 gal per minute. Also knownas baking soda or soda blasting.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Anti-g
19、raffiti product(s) to be evaluated.7.2 Solvent based spray paint recommended colors: black,blue and red.7.3 Solvent based ink markers recommended colors: black,blue and red.NOTE 1Blue and red colors are known to be the most difficult colorsto remove.8. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units8.1 Any
20、 of the following mineral building substrates includ-ing; concrete, masonry, and natural stone.8.2 Aminimum of 3 test specimens of each type of substratewill be required for each anti-graffiti product to be evaluated.Include a minimum of 3 untreated test specimens of each typeof substrate.8.3 Concre
21、te specimens shall be typically a minimum of 12by 12 in., masonry specimens shall be a minimum of 7.5 by 3.5in. and natural stone specimens shall be a minimum of 8 by 8in.9. Application of Anti-Graffiti Coatings9.1 Substrates will be treated with anti-graffiti products inaccordance with manufacture
22、instructions.9.2 Treated substrates should be given a seven-day curingperiod, under ambient conditions as outlined in SpecificationD3924 with each specimen placed so it has free air circulation.10. Application of Graffiti10.1 Apply spray paint and marker to three previouslytreated specimens in paral
23、lel lines that covers the entirespecimen. Apply each color of paint and marker parallel to theprevious. Apply paint at a constant speed, maintaining adistance of 6 in. from the specimen. Apply markers with aconstant pressure.10.2 Painted/marked specimens shall be given typically afive-day cure perio
24、d under the same conditions as the condi-tioning period in 9.2.11. Graffiti Removal Procedure Using High-PressureEquipment11.1 Clean each specimen with a high-pressure waterwasher. Maintain a distance of 10 in. from each specimen,applying horizontal back and forth sweeping motion. Cleaneach type of
25、substrate for the same length of time. The sametype of spray nozzle must be used for all testing.11.2 Report the percent of paint/marker removed. If thepaint is completely removed from all replicate test specimensthe surface is rated as “Cleanability Level 1.”NOTE 2Always test the specimen to ensure
26、 the high pressure waterdoesnt cause damage to the surface.11.3 Clean each specimen with a commercial based graffiticleaner followed by a high-pressure cold water wash. Maintaina distance of 10 in. from each specimen, applying horizontalback and forth sweeping motion. Clean each type of substratefor
27、 the Report the percent of paint/marker removed. If the paintis completely removed from all replicate test specimens thesurface is rated as “Cleanability Level 2” (see Note 2).11.4 Clean each specimen with a high-pressure hot waterwasher. Maintain a distance of 10 in. from each specimen,applying hor
28、izontal back and forth sweeping motion. Cleaneach type of substrate for the Report the percent of paint/marker removed. If the paint is completely removed from allreplicate test specimens the surface is rated as “CleanabilityLevel 3” (see Note 2).11.5 If cleaning with the high-pressure hot water was
29、herfails to remove all the paint from each specimen, use ahigh-pressure sodium bicarbonate washer. “Cleanability 4” isnoted when using a high-pressure sodium bicarbonate washer.11.6 If any paint remains of each specimen, report thepercent of paint remaining.Cleanability LevelsCleanability 1 Graffiti
30、 completely removed withhigh-pressure cold water washCleanability 2 Graffiti completely removed withcommercial based graffiti removerand high-pressure cold water washCleanability 3 Graffiti completely removed withhigh-pressure hot water washCleanability 4 Graffiti completely removed witha sodium bic
31、arbonate pressure wash12. Recleanability of Graffiti Procedure12.1 In many cases, it is necessary to evaluate whether agraffiti resistant material will show the same level of cleanabil-ity after it has been cleaned and remarked with graffiti. Toevaluate recleanability on nonsacrificial coatings only
32、, use thefollowing procedure.12.2 Reapply the graffiti markings to each specimen inaccordance with Section 10.12.3 Repeat cleaning procedure using the same cleaningequipment that completely removed the markings in Section 11with the exception of sodium bicarbonate cleaning.12.4 If the markings are n
33、ot completely removed, record thepercent of paint remaining.12.5 Repeat 12.2 and 12.3 until the paint can no longer besuccessfully removed and report number of cleaning cyclesperformed successfully.D7089 06 (2014)213. Report13.1 Report the following information for each anti-graffiticoating being ev
34、aluated:13.1.1 Identification, product type either sacrificial or non-sacrificial and manufacturer of anti-graffiti coating beingtested.13.1.2 Procedure of application of material, cure time andtemperature,13.1.3 Type(s) of substrate used in evaluation,13.1.4 Pressure, temperature and length of time
35、 for pressurewashing,13.1.5 Cleanability level employed for successful removalof markings, and13.1.6 Any deviations from the above practice.14. Keywords14.1 anti-graffiti; cleanability; concrete; graffiti removal;masonry; natural stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of a
36、ny patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to re
37、vision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. You
38、r comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copy
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