1、Designation: D7109 07D7109 12Standard Test Method forShear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using aEuropean Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30 and 90 Cycles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of poly
3、mer-containing fluids. The test method measures theviscosity loss, in mm2/s and percent, at 100C of polymer-containing fluids when evaluated by a diesel injector apparatus procedurethat uses European diesel injector test equipment. The viscosity loss reflects polymer degradation due to shear at the
4、nozzle.Viscosity loss is evaluated after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing.NOTE 1This test method evaluates the shear stability of oils after both 30 and 90 cycles of shearing. For most oils, there is a correlation betweenresults after 30 cycles and results after 90 cycles of shearing, but this is n
5、ot universal.NOTE 2Test Method D6278 uses essentially the same procedure with 30 cycles only instead of both 30 and 90 cycles. The correlation between resultsfrom this test method at 30 cycles and results from Test Method D6278 has not been established.NOTE 3Test Method D2603 has been used for simil
6、ar evaluation of shear stability; limitations are as indicated in the significance statement. Nodetailed attempt has been undertaken to correlate the results of this test method with those of the sonic shear test method.NOTE 4This test method uses test apparatus as defined in CEC L-14-A-93. This tes
7、t method differs from CEC-L-14-A-93 in the period of timerequired for calibration.NOTE 5Test Method D5275 also shears oils in a diesel injector apparatus but may give different results.NOTE 6This test method has different calibration and operational requirements than withdrawn Test Method D3945.1.2
8、The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropri
9、ate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic
10、Viscosity)D2603 Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing OilsD5275 Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing FluidsD6278 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector ApparatusD6299 Practice fo
11、r Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System Performance2.2 Coordinated European Council (CEC) Standard:CEC L-14-A-93 Evaluation of the Mechanical Shear Stability of Lubricating Oils Containing Polymers33. Terminology3.1 Definiti
12、ons:3.1.1 kinematic viscosity, na measure of the resistance to flow of a fluid under gravity.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02
13、.07 onFlow Properties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2012. Published January 2008April 2013. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20062007 asD710906.07. DOI: 10.1520/D7109-07.10.1520/D7109-12.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org,
14、 or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from CEC Secretariat, Madou Plaza, 25th floor, Place Madou 1, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium.Interlynk Administrative Servi
15、ces, Ltd., Lynk House, 17 PeckletonLane, Desford, Leicestershire, LE9 9JU, United Kingdom.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible
16、 to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyrig
17、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 calibration pressure, nthe recorded gauge pressure when calibration fluid RL34 or RL233 undergoes a viscosity loss of2.752.7 to 2.852.9 mm2/s when the recorded gauge pressure is within th
18、e range of 13.0 to 18.0 MPa (1885 to 2611 psi).MPa.3.2.2 percent viscosity loss, nviscosity loss, as defined in 3.2.3, divided by the pre-sheared viscosity, and reported as a percent.3.2.3 viscosity loss, nthe loss in viscosity determined from the difference in kinematic viscosity at 100C of pre-she
19、ared andpost-sheared fluid.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Apolymer-containing fluid is passed through a diesel injector nozzle at a shear rate that may reduce its kinematic viscosity.The percent viscosity loss is a measure of the mechanical shear stability of the fluid.NOTE 7This test method may also
20、be used for oils not containing polymer. It might not be known whether an oil submitted for test contains a polymer.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the percent viscosity loss of fluids resulting from physical degradation in the high shear nozzledevice. Thermal or oxidative effe
21、cts are minimized.5.2 This test method may be used for quality control purposes by manufacturers of polymeric lubricant additives and theircustomers.5.3 This test method is not intended to predict viscosity loss in field service in different field equipment under widely varyingoperating conditions,
22、which may cause lubricant viscosity to change due to thermal and oxidative changes, as well as by themechanical shearing of polymer. However, when the field service conditions, primarily or exclusively, result in the degradation ofpolymer by mechanical shearing, there may be a correlation between th
23、e results from this test method and results from the field.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus consists of a fluid reservoir, a double-plunger pump with an electric motor drive, an atomization chamber witha diesel injector spray nozzle, and a fluid cooling vessel, installed in an area with an ambient temp
24、erature of 20 to 25C (68 to77F). Fig. 1 shows the schematic representation of equipment.46.1.1 Fluid ReservoirIn Fig. 1, the fluid reservoir (7) is open on the top, has approximately a 250 mL capacity, has a 45-mm(1.772-in.) inner diameter, and is calibrated in units of volume. It is fitted with an
25、internal fluid distributor as detailed in Fig. 2.A 40-mm (1.575-in.) diameter watch glass with serrated edges is an acceptable distributor plate. The distributor reduces thetendency of fluid channeling. Temperature is measured by a thermometer suspended in the center of the fluid reservoir. The bott
26、omof the thermometer bulb shall be 10 to 15 mm above the entrance to the drain tube opening. Other temperature-measuringequipment positioned at the same location may also be used. The outlet is equipped with a three-way stopcock (8). The three-waystopcock is of a cone type with a nonexchangeable sol
27、id plug with an 8-mm (0.315-in.) nominal bore size. Transparent plastictubing, (10) in Fig. 1, is used to connect the three-way stopcock to the pump inlet.6.1.2 Double-Plunger Injection PumpIn Fig. 1, the injection pump (11) is defined as Bosch PE 2 A 90D 300/3 S2266. Thispump is equipped with a str
28、oke counter (15), venting screw (14), and a flow rate adjusting screw (12).6.1.3 Injection Pump, driven by a three-phase electric motor (13) in Fig. 1, rated at a speed of 925 6 25 rpm.6.1.3.1 This motor runs at 925 rpm on the 50 Hz current prevalent in Europe; it will run at approximately 1100 rpm
29、on 60 Hzcurrent. The 1100 rpm speed is not acceptable in this procedure. A suitable means shall be taken to ensure the prescribed 925 625 rpm speed to the injection pump. One acceptable method is to use a 6 to 5 speed reducer.6.1.4 Outlet of Injection Pump, connected to the atomization chamber using
30、 high pressure steel tubing. The atomizationchamber (2) in Fig. 1, is defined in more detail in Fig. 3. To minimize foam generation, the spray chamber is designed so that thefluid under test exits from the nozzle into a chamber filled with the test fluid. A drain tube (17) fitted with a two-way stop
31、cock isincluded to minimize contamination from the previous test during the system cleaning steps. The diesel injector nozzle is a BoschDN 8 S 2-type pintle nozzle injector, number 0434 200 012, installed in a Bosch KD 43 SA53/15 nozzle holder. The nozzle holderincludes a filter cartridge.NOTE 8Exer
32、cise great care to avoid damage to the precision parts of the fuel injection equipment (the plunger and barrel in the pump and the nozzlevalve assembly). Service work on the equipment should be performed by a diesel fuel injector pump specialist or with reference to the manufacturersservice manual.5
33、NOTE 9An unusually rapid rise in gauge pressure during testing may signify filter blockage. When this occurs, the filter cartridge shall be replaced.6.1.5 Pressure Sensing Device (18), such as a glycerol-filled pressure gauge or electronic, digital display pressure indicator, shallbe installed and s
34、eparated from the line by a pressure snubber or needle valve to suitably dampen pressure surges. The pressuredevice shall be occasionally pressure tested to ensure accuracy.6.1.6 Fluid Cooling Vessel, (5) in Fig. 1), used to maintain the specified temperature of the test fluid, as indicated at the o
35、utletof the fluid reservoir. This vessel is a glass container with exterior cooling jacket constructed so that the heat transfer surface of4 Throughout, the numbers in parentheses refer to the legend in Fig. 1.5 Repair Instructions for Diesel Injection Pumps Size A, B, K and Z, Bulletin WJP 101/1 B
36、EP, Robert Bosch GmbH, 2800 South 25th Ave., Broadview, IL 60153.D7109 122Legend:(1) Spray nozzle(2) Atomization chamber(3) Outlet of the atomization chamber(4) Distributor plate(5) Glass container fluid reservoir(6) Three-way cock downstream of glass(7) Glass container fluid reservoir(8) Three-way
37、cock downstream of glass container(9) Support column(10) Connection with pump-suction opening(11) Double-plunger injection pump(12) Pump setting screw(13) Electric motor(14) Venting screw/pump(15) Stroke counter(16) Pressure tubing from pump to injector(17) Return line for overflowing liquid(18) Pre
38、ssure sensing deviceFIG. 1 Apparatus for Shear Stability TestingNOTE 1Dimensions are given in millimetres.FIG. 2 Distributor PlateD7109 123the jacket is spherical. The exterior jacket diameter, d1, is approximately 50 mm (1.969 in.). The interior heat transfer surface, d2,is approximately 25 mm (0.9
39、84 in.) in diameter. The overall length, L, is approximately 180 mm (7.087 in.). A distributor plate,similar in design to the distributor plate in the fluid reservoir, is positioned in the upper portion of the fluid cooling vessel to ensurecontact between the fluid and the cooling surface. The disch
40、arge from the fluid cooling vessel is through a three-way stopcock ofthe same design used on the discharge of the fluid reservoir.The exterior cooling jacket shall be supplied with an adjustable volumeof cold water.7. Materials7.1 Diesel Fuel (No. 2), initially required to adjust the diesel injector
41、 nozzle valve opening pressure.7.2 Calibration Fluid RL34, Fluid, used to ensure that when the apparatus is adjusted within a prescribed pressure range, thecorrect viscosity loss is obtained.7.3 Calibration Fluid RL233, used to ensure that when the apparatus is adjusted within a prescribed pressure
42、range, the correctviscosity loss is obtained.NOTE 10Both calibration fluids RL34 and RL233 meetRL233 meets the requirements of this test method and are equivalent. Both are is acceptableduring a transition period between suppliers. See research report for details of the equivalence testing.68. Hazar
43、ds8.1 (WarningUse a safety shield between the high-pressure components and the operator during use of equipment.)8.2 (WarningDuring operation, the line between the pump and nozzle, (16) in Fig. 1), is under a pressure of at least 13.0MPa (130 bar or 1885 psi). Pressures above the upper limit of 18.0
44、 MPa (180 bar or 2611 psi) are possible if filter plugging occurs.Shut off the pump prior to tightening any fitting that is not properly sealed.)9. Sampling9.1 Approximately 650 mL of fluid is needed per test.9.2 The test fluid shall be at room temperature, uniform in appearance, and free of any vis
45、ible insoluble material prior to placingit in the test equipment.9.3 Water and insolubles shall be removed before testing, or filter blocking and nozzle wear may occur. Filter blocking can bedetected by a sudden change in gauge pressure. The transport of insolubles to the shear zone will shorten noz
46、zle life.10. Calibration and Standardization10.1 Nozzle AdjustmentsIf the nozzle to be used is new or has not been pre-calibrated, adjust the diesel injector nozzle holderwith the nozzle in place.Adjust the nozzle using diesel fuel and a nozzle tester so that the valve opening pressure is 13.0 MPa (
47、1885psi) under static conditions. If the nozzle has been pre-calibrated with RL34 or RL233 calibration oil, adjust the valve openingpressure to the calibration pressure prescribed, which must be between 13.0 MPa (1885 psi) and 18.0 MPa (2611 psi).6 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Internation
48、al Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1629.FIG. 3 Atomization Chamber with Spray Nozzle and NozzleD7109 12410.1.1 Install the nozzle and the nozzle holder in the test apparatus. The pintle/spray nozzle shall be tightly fitted in the chamberto avoid leakage of oil a
49、round the external surface of the spray nozzle.10.2 Measurement of Residual Undrained Volume, Vres:10.2.1 The residual undrained oil volume of the system is the volume of the system between the three-way stopcock below thefluid reservoir (8) in Fig. 1, and the injector nozzle orifice (1). Vres does not include the atomization chamber volume. When theresidual undrained volume is known, go to 10.3.10.2.2 To determine residual undrained volume, first remove as much fluid as possible by briefly running the pump.10.2.3 Remove the high-pressure lines (16)
