1、Designation: D7142 05 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Test Method forHolding Strength of Prong-Ring Attached Snap Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7142; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the holdingstrength of a prong-ring to the socket or stud of a snap
3、 fastenerusing a tensile testing machine (Option 1) or a manual teststand and force-measuring gage (Option 2).1.2 This test method is applicable to prong-ring type snapfasteners in garments or to be attached to fabrics intended foruse in apparel (see Annex A1).1.3 The values stated in either SI unit
4、s or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values statedin each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in
5、 non-conformancewith the specification.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
6、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles2.2 Federal Document:16 CFR Parts 1500.48-1500.53 and 1501.4 EngineeringTest Manual f
7、or Childrens Toys33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 force, na physical influence exerted by one body onanother which produces acceleration of bodies that are free tomove and deformation of bodies that are not free to move.3.1.2 holding strength, nin snap fasteners, the force re-quired to separate
8、the prong-ring from its attached mating part(socket or stud).3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method, a diametric force isapplied which simulates the diametric biting or pinching of achild; however, in practice, the disengaging force used tounsnap a snap fastener is usually applied at the edge of thef
9、astener.3.1.3 prong-ring type fastener, ngeneric name for snapfasteners which use a multi-pronged ring to penetrate throughfabric to mechanically set a matching socket on one side of aclosure and to set a matching stud on the facing closureallowing the outer and inner closure facings to be snappedto
10、gether. (See Fig. 1.)3.1.4 socket, nin snap fasteners, the female functionalpart of the fastener which engages with the stud part of thefastener to form the closure of two parts of the item on whichthe fastener is used. (See Fig. 1.)3.1.4.1 DiscussionProng-ring attached socket or studsnap fasteners
11、are designed to be mechanically attached togarments or other items through the deformation interaction ofthe prong-ring with the socket or stud. Other forms of snapfasteners exist which may be attached to the foundation of thegarment or other item by means of sewn threads or adhesivebonding.3.1.5 st
12、rength, nthe property of a material that resistsdeformation induced by external forces.3.1.5.1 DiscussionIn this standard, the deformation is theseparation of the prong-ring from the socket or stud of a snapfastener.3.1.6 stud, nin snap fasteners, the male functional part ofa snap fastener which eng
13、ages with, or snaps into, the mouth ofthe socket to form a closure of two parts of the item, or garmenton which the fastener is used. (See Fig. 1.)3.1.6.1 DiscussionSee discussion for socket.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility
14、 of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7142 - 05. DOI:10.1520/D7142-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custome
15、r Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Federal Register, Vol 44, No. 117, June 1979, ConsumerProduct Commission, 16 CFR Parts 1500 and 1501.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
16、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Option 1A specimen, consisting of a fastener socketor stud attached to fabric by a prong-ring, is m
17、ounted in aspecial test fixture on a tensile testing machine. A force isapplied diametrically until the prong-ring separates from thesocket or stud, or the fabric is torn. The force at separation isreported as the holding strength. If the fabric tears, the force atfabric failure is recorded and the
18、data is reported and it isconsidered as a different category and is reported separate fromthe holding strength of the fasteners.4.2 Option 2A specimen, consisting of a fastener socketor stud attached to fabric by a prong-ring, is mounted in aspecial test fixture on a manual pull test stand which is
19、fittedwith a portable force gage. A force is applied until theprong-ring separates from the socket or stud, or the fabric istorn. The force at separation is reported as the holding strength.If the fabric tears, the force at fabric failure is recorded and thedata is reported and it is considered as a
20、 different category andis reported separate from the holding strength of the fasteners.5. Significance and Use5.1 Both test methods are considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments of garments withprong-ring type snap fasteners.5.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differe
21、nces in reportedtest results when using this test method for acceptance ofcommercial shipment, the purchaser and the supplier shouldconduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statisticalbias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-tance is recommended for the investigation
22、of bias. As aminimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-mens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from alot of material of the type in question. The test specimensshould then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaboratory for testing. The average results from the
23、 twolaboratories should be compared using appropriate statisticalanalysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by theparties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either thecause must be determined and corrected, or the purchaser andsupplier must agree to interpret future test results w
24、ith consid-eration to the known bias.5.2 Comparison of results from test equipment operating ondifferent principles is not recommended. In cases of conflictbetween the test results achieved with manual test equipment(Option 2) and motorized CRE (constant rate of extension)tensile testing machine (Op
25、tion 1), the results from the motor-ized equipment shall take precedence.5.3 This test method may be used to determine the compat-ibility of prong-ring type snap fasteners and fabrics for use inapparel. In which case, the fasteners are attached to the fabricin the manner in which they will be used a
26、nd the combinedunits tested. See Annex A1.6. Apparatus6.1 For Option 1:6.1.1 Tensile Testing Machine, CRE type, meeting Specifi-cation D76. (See Figs. 2 and 3.)6.1.2 Upper Snap Fixture Attachment 4, Fig. 4, designed todiametrically attach to the socket or stud of the snap fastenerwhich is attached t
27、o the fabric specimen or garment beingtested.6.1.3 Lower Snap Fixture Attachment 4, Fig. 4, designed tosecure the fabric and thereby the socket or stud attached to it ina horizontal plane.6.2 For Option 2:6.2.1 Force Measuring Gage 5, modified with an attachmentto be fastened on to the upper arm of
28、a test stand with the uppertest fixture suspended from it. (See Fig. 3.)6.2.2 Upper Snap Fixture Attachment 4, Fig. 4, designed todiametrically attach to the socket or stud of the snap fastenerwhich is attached to the fabric specimen or garment beingtested.6.2.3 Lower Snap Fixture Attachment 4, Fig.
29、 4, designed tosecure the fabric and thereby the socket or stud attached to it ina horizontal plane.FIG. 1 Prong-ring Attached Fastener PartsD7142 05 (2011)26.2.4 Test Stand, see Fig. 5.7. Sampling7.1 Lot Sample:7.1.1 For acceptance testing, randomly select the number ofshipping cartons or other con
30、tainers of garments as directed inan applicable material specification, contract or other agree-ment between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider thecartons or containers to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier req
31、uires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping units, between sampling units within a shipping unit andbetween specimens to provide a sampling with a meaningful producersrisk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory Sample:7.2.1 For acceptance te
32、sting, take 1 garment from each lotsampling unit provided that it has ten snap fasteners. If thegarment contains fewer than ten snap fasteners, take a numberof garments from each laboratory sampling unit to obtain theten snap fasteners. If garment has snaps attached to multiplelocations; i.e. collar
33、, shoulder, placket, front, crotch, leg cuff,and the like, take appropriate number of garments that willprovide ten snaps per location.7.3 Test Specimens:7.3.1 Test ten specimens from each garment. A test speci-men consists of the assembled prong-ring, fabric and a socketor a stud. The locations of
34、the specimens must allow for secureclamping in the fixtures. Specimens need not be cut from thegarment provided that the garment does not interfere with thetest.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 For Option 1:8.1.1 Preparation:8.1.1.1 Set up and verify the tensile testing machineaccording to the manufac
35、turers instructions and 8.1.1.2-8.1.1.4.8.1.1.2 Attach the upper and lower snap fixtures to thetesting machine and check the alignment. (See Figs. 2 and 3.)8.1.1.3 Select a force range for separation to occur between10 and 90 % of full scale force.8.1.1.4 Set the loading rate for 300 6 10 mm/min (12
36、.0 60.5 in./min).8.1.2 Total Operating System:8.1.2.1 Verify the operating system (loading, extension,clamping, and recording or data collecting) by testing standardspecimens of snap fasteners and fabrics for holding strength asdirected in Section 10.8.1.2.2 Maintain a record of the data.8.2 For Opt
37、ion 2:8.2.1 Preparation:FIG. 2 CRE-Type Tensile Testing Machine setup With TestFixtures For Option 1.FIG. 3 Closeup of CRE-Type Tensile Testing Machine FixtureSetup.D7142 05 (2011)38.2.1.1 Setup the manual test stand and verify the forcereading of the force gage according to the manufacturersinstruc
38、tions and 8.2.1.2-8.2.1.4.8.2.1.2 Attach the upper fixture to the force gage and thelower fixture to the table of the manual testing stand and checktheir alignment. (See Fig. 5.)8.2.1.3 Select and adjust the control switches of the forcegage.8.2.1.4 Adjust the distance between the upper and lower te
39、stfixture to allow clearance for the setup of the test specimen.8.2.2 Total Operating System:8.2.2.1 Verify the operating system (loading, extension,clamping, and recording or data collecting) by testing setupspecimens of snap fasteners and fabrics for holding strength asdirected in Section 10 and A
40、nnex A1.3.8.2.2.2 Maintain a record of the data.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the specimens by bringing them from the dryside to approximate moisture equilibrium for testing in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in PracticeD1776.10. Procedure10.1 Option 1:FIG. 4 Upper and Lower S
41、nap Clamping FixturesD7142 05 (2011)410.1.1 Position prong-ring of the specimen in the lowersnap clamping fixture and ensure that it is flat and centered inthe fixture. Tighten the clamping fixture on the specimen.10.1.2 Position the upper clamping fixture for the jaws to fitover the perimeter edge
42、of the socket or stud of the specimen.Turn the adjustment screw until the jaws make contact with thefastener. Do not include any loose fabric in the jaws. Be carefulthat the upper fixture does not affect the structural integrity ofthe fastener when tightening the fixture onto the fastener.10.1.3 Ini
43、tiate the test by applying force to the machine untilthe prong-ring disengages from the fastener or the fabric tears.10.1.4 Record the force to disengage the prong-ring fromthe fastener as the holding force to the nearest 0.1 N (0.5 lbf).If the fabric tears before the fastener and prong-ring disenga
44、ge,record the specimen as failing. The value of the fabricspecimen failure is recorded separate from the recording of thevalues of the fastener holding strength.10.2 Option 2:10.2.1 Position prong-ring of the specimen in the lowersnap clamping fixture and ensure that it is flat and centered inthe fi
45、xture. Tighten the clamping fixture on the specimen withthe socket or stud facing up.10.2.2 Position the upper clamping fixture for the jaws to fitover the perimeter edge of the socket or stud of the specimen.Turn the adjustment screw until the jaws make contact with thefastener. Do not include any
46、loose fabric in the jaws. Be carefulthat the upper fixture does not affect the structural integrity ofthe fastener.10.2.3 Apply a force of 3 pounds per second until thefastener disengages from its prong-ring or the fabric tears. Orapply specified tensile force and hold for specified time asagreed up
47、on by purchaser and seller of snap and10.2.4 Record the force to separate the prong-ring from thesocket or stud fastener part as the holding strength to theFIG. 5 Manual Testing ApparatusD7142 05 (2011)5nearest 0.1 N (0.5 lbf). If the fabric tears before the prong ringseparates from the socket or st
48、ud, record the specimen asfailing. The value of the fabric specimen failure is recordedseparate from the recording of the values of the fastenerholding strength.11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in TestMethod D7142. Describe the material or product sampled andthe method
49、 of sampling used. Include in the material or productdescription the size of prong-ring snap fastener, the type offabric, the style of the garment and the location of the fasteneron the garment (collar, shoulder, placket, front, crotch, leg cuff,and the like).11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 The individual values of force to separate the fastenerfrom the fabric, and the average holding strength for eachlaboratory sampling unit and for the lot.11.2.2 The number of specimens that failed (fabric tears)along with their individual values.12. Precision an
