1、Designation: D 7155 06An American National StandardStandard Practice forEvaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine LubricatingOils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures ofturbine lubricating oils of the same IS
3、O VG grade and type asdefined by Specification D 4304. The Tier 1 method comparesthe visual appearances of specific mixtures with those of theneat oils after storage at specified conditions.1.2 If the current in-service oil is causing problems or ifcircumstances indicate the need for additional test
4、ing, a Tier 2method compares selected performance properties of the mix-ture and its constituent oils.1.3 The Tier 1 and Tier 2 methods can be used to evaluatenew (unused) lubricant compatibility or the effects of addingnew (unused) lubricant to in-service lubricant in the system.1.4 This method doe
5、s not evaluate the wear preventioncharacteristics, load carrying capacity, or the mechanical shearstability of lubricants mixtures while in service. If anti-wear(AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to beevaluated, further testing of these parameters may be required.1.4.1 Tier 1Mixture
6、s of the two constituent oils to beevaluated are prepared at specified proportions, stored in anoven at 65C for 168 h, and then evaluated for changes inphysical appearance.1.4.2 Tier 1Mixtures of the two constituent oils to beevaluated are prepared at specified proportions, stored in anoven at 65C f
7、or 168 h, and then evaluated for changesphysical appearance and parameters detailed in 7.3.1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated in aprimary testing protocol using the following standards:Appearance (Tier 1 and Tier 2) Appendix X1Kinematic Viscosity Test Method D 445Acidity Test Met
8、hods D 664 and D 974Pentane Insoluble Test Method D 893Copper Corrosion Test Method D 130Rust Prevention Test Method D 665Foaming Characteristics Test Method D 892Air Release Properties Test Method D 3427Water Separability Test Method D 1401Oxidation Stability Test Note 11.5.1 For compatible mixture
9、s, a supplemental (nonmanda-tory) testing scheme is suggested when circumstances indicatethe need for additional testing the beyond Tier 2 primaryrecommended tests.NOTE 1The oxidation stability test method should be selected basedon the product type and in agreement with the lubricant supplier (seeA
10、ppendix X2 for options). Unlike other tests described in this practice, theimpact on oxidation stability may not be easily interpreted with a pass/failrating. The user is encouraged to contact the lubricant supplier forassistance in the evaluation of the data.1.6 Sequential or concurrent testing is
11、continued until thetest requestor or user is satisfied that the intent of this practicehas been met. If any mixture fails the Tier 1 visual appearancemethod or any of the Tier 2 primary tests, when requested, theoils are incompatible. If all mixtures pass the Tier 1 or Tier 2tests, the oils are cons
12、idered compatible by those methods.1.7 This practice applies only to lubricating oils havingcharacteristics suitable for evaluation by the suggested testmethods. If the scope of a specific test method limits testing tothose oils within a specified range of properties, oils outsidethat range cannot b
13、e tested for compatibility by that testmethod.1.8 This practice may be used to evaluate the compatibilityof different types and grades of oil. However, it is not intendedto evaluate such mixtures. The user is advised to consult withsuppliers in these situations.1.9 This practice does not purport to
14、cover all test methodsthat could be employed.1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibili
15、ty of Subcommittee D02.C0 onTurbine Oils.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
16、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPet
17、roleum Products by Copper Strip TestD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum
18、 Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-cating OilsD 893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsD 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Num
19、ber by Color-Indicator TitrationD 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of PetroleumOils and Synthetic FluidsD 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (ASTM Color Scale)D 2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-matic Viscosity at 40 and 100CD 2272 Test Method for Oxi
20、dation Stability of Steam Tur-bine Oils by Rotating Pressure VesselD 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD 3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petro-leum OilsD 4304 Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Use
21、d inSteam or Gas TurbinesD 4310 Test Method for Determination of Sludging andCorrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral OilsD 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inducti
22、vely Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D 5846 Test Method for Universal Oxidation Test for Hy-draulic and Turbine Oils Using the Universal OxidationTest ApparatusD 6186 Test Method for Oxidation Induction Time of Lu-bricating Oils by Pressure Differential Scanning Calorim-etry (PDS
23、C)D 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer TitrationD 6514 Test Method for High Temperature Universal Oxi-dation Test for Turbine Oils3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 compa
24、tibility, nof lubricating oils, the ability oflubricating oils to mix together without significant degradationof properties or performance.3.1.1.1 DiscussionWhen a mixture of two oils has prop-erties or performance significantly inferior to both of theconstituent oils, then the two oils are incompat
25、ible. If theproperties are inferior to those of one neat oil but not inferiorto those of the other, then such is not necessarily considered anindication of incompatibility. To be considered significantlyinferior, the property of the mixture would be worse than thepoorer of the two neat oils by an am
26、ount exceeding therepeatability (or in the case of third party verification testing,the reproducibility) of the test method used to evaluate theproperty. (See fail and pass.)3.1.2 fail, nin compatibility testing of oil mixtures, a testresult that is inferior to that of the poorer of the two constitu
27、entoils by an amount exceeding the repeatability of the testmethod used for the evaluation.3.1.3 pass, nin compatibility testing of oil mixtures, a testresult that is equal to or better than that of the poorer of the twoconstituent oils.3.1.4 primary compatibility tests, nof lubricating oils,those t
28、est methods employed in the Tier 2 method to evaluatethe impact on performance properties when circumstancesindicate the need for additional testing.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe test methods considered the mostrelevant in the evaluation of turbine oils, insofar as theyprovide the most information with the
29、least expenditure oftesting resources.3.1.5 secondary compatibility tests, nof lubricating oils,those test methods used to evaluate compatibility when theprimary compatibility tests are insufficient or inconclusive.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSuch tests are driven by the criticalfeatures of a given applicatio
30、n. For example, if the applicationsubjects the oil to extraordinary high temperature an evaluationof the onset of oxidation at various temperatures using differ-ential scanning calorimetry to construct an Arrhenius plot maybe warranted. Aniline Point might be added to evaluate therelative difference
31、 in solvency characteristics. Secondary com-patibility tests are suggested, but not required, by this practice.3.1.6 type and grade, nType and grade refer to lubricantsof the same general type such as Rust and Oxidation Inhibitedturbine oil (R) and ISO Viscosity grades3.1.7 10:90 mixture, na uniform
32、 blend of 10 % by volumeof one oil with 90 % by volume of a second oil.3.1.8 50:50 mixture, na uniform blend of 50 % by volumeof each of two component oils.3.1.9 90:10 mixture, na uniform blend of 90 % by volumeof one oil with 10 % by volume of a second oil.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
33、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D71550624. Summary of Practice4.1 Option 1Prepare a 50:50 mixture of two oils to beevaluated for compat
34、ibility. This mixture and the two neat,constituent oils are tested using the primary compatibility tests.Depending on the performance of the mixture, relative to thoseof the constituent oils, 10:90 and 90:10 mixtures may need tobe tested in addition.4.2 Option 2Instead of testing mixtures in sequent
35、ialorder, 10:90 and 90:10 mixtures are tested at the same time the50:50 mixture is evaluated. If all mixtures pass the primarycompatibility tests, or if the application requires the evaluationof specific properties, secondary compatibility tests can beemployed for further evaluation. Such tests can
36、be run concur-rently, if desired.5. Significance and Use5.1 The compatibility of oils can be important for users ofoil-lubricated equipment. It is well known that the mixing oftwo oils can produce a substance markedly inferior to either ofits constituent materials. One or more of the following canoc
37、cur:5.1.1 A mixture of incompatible oils most often forms aprecipitate.5.1.2 The precipitate will form unwanted deposits in thelubrication system, plug filters and oil passageways.5.1.3 Such events can lead to catastrophic equipment fail-ures.5.2 Because of such occurrences, lubricant suppliers reco
38、m-mend evaluating compatibility of lubricating oil of differentformulations and sources prior to mixing. Equipment usersmost often do not have the resources to evaluate oil compat-ibility and must rely on their suppliers. Mixing of oils is ahighly imprudent practice without first determining the com
39、-patibility.5.3 Although new turbine oils may be compatible, in-service oil of the same type may be degraded or contaminatedto such an extent that the new oil added may not be compatiblewith the system oil. In-service oil compatibility with new oiladditions should be evaluated on a case by case basi
40、s.5.4 The oxidation resistance of different oils of the sametype can vary widely, and compatibility does not implyequivalent performance.6. Apparatus6.1 The equipment and materials required for this practiceshall be those required by the test methods used to evaluatecompatibility.6.1.1 Laboratory Ov
41、en, static-air or stirred-air type, capableof maintaining the test temperature within 63C and equippedwith one or more grill-type wire shelves.6.1.2 Laboratory Cooler, capable of maintaining the testtemperature within 63C.6.1.3 Reflector Flood Lamp, 150 watt.7. Procedure7.1 Testing is conducted usin
42、g either of two options (seeSection 5.4) for mixture proportions as agreed upon with thetest requestor or user and dependent on the available samplevolumes supplied. Either the sequential testing protocol de-scribed in Option 1 or the concurrent testing protocol describedin Option 2 can be used. Usi
43、ng Option 1, a 50:50 mixture andthe two constituent oils are tested. If this mixture is foundcompatible, 10:90 and 90:10 mixtures which reflect drain-andfill conversion or make up proportions may be tested. UsingOption 2, all mixtures (10:90, 50:50, and 90:10) and the twoconstituent oils are tested
44、concurrently. At the discretion of theinterested parties, the testing may be continued even after anincompatible test result is observed.7.2 Preparation of Mixtures (Tier 1 and Tier 2)Preparemixtures similarly, regardless of whether one or three mixturesof differing ratios will be tested sequentiall
45、y or concurrently.7.2.1 Prepare a fresh 50:50 mixture of the two oils to beevaluated for compatibility. (neat, constituent oils are desig-nated A and B.) Determine the amounts to be mixed from theamount of oil required by the tests. Prepare at least 10 % moremixture than is actually needed for the t
46、ests. Do not preparemore than can be used immediately. No more than 30 daysshould elapse between mixture preparation and the start of anytest.7.2.2 Add equal amounts 61% of all oils,Aand B neat oils,and the 50:50 mixture into separate clean, dry, glass beakers,and mix thoroughly7.2.3 Heat the beaker
47、 and mixtures in the oven at 65 6 3C(149 6 5.4F) for a minimum of 168 h (6 1h)forTier1orTier 2 testing. Samples may be removed after a minimum of 24h(6 0.5 h) to conduct the Tier 2 primary tests, if requestedNOTE 2Longer oven storage times may be employed with agreementbetween the parties involved.7
48、.2.4 Remove the beakers from the oven, and allow them tocool to room temperature before evaluating appearance.7.2.5 Observe the oil in accordance with Appendix X1.Ifthe oils display an incompatible result, further testing is notrequired. Conclude the test, and report in accordance withSection 8. If
49、the results are satisfactory, proceed to 7.2.6.7.2.6 Cool the beaker containing the oil mixtures to 0C(32F) for 24 h (60.5 h). Longer times may be employed withagreement between the parties involved. Remove from thecooler and bring to room temperature.7.2.7 Observe the oil in accordance with Appendix X1.Ifthe oils display an incompatible result, conclude the test, andreport in accordance with Section 8. If the results are satisfac-tory and Tier 2 level testing is to be conducted, proceed to 7.3.If Tier 1 testing was requested the testing can be concluded andr
