1、Designation: D7156 11D7156 13Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for
3、 performance characteristics in a dieselengine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, including viscosity increase and soot concentrations (loading).2 This test methodis commonly referred to as the Mack T-11.1.1.1 This test method also provides the procedure for running an abbreviated length test,
4、 which is commonly referred to as theT-11A. The procedures for the T-11A are identical to the T-11 with the exception of the items specifically listed in Annex A8.Additionally, the procedure modifications listed in Annex A8 refer to the corresponding section of the T-11 procedure.1.2 The values stat
5、ed in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsWhere there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size,or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.1.3 Thi
6、s standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specif
7、ic safety hazards.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Cop
8、per from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaqu
9、e Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD
10、976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum P
11、roductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3524 Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 201
12、3)41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edition approved May 1, 2011May 1, 2013. Published May 2011 May 2013. Originally approved in 2005. Last p
13、revious edition approved in 20102011 asD7156D7156 11.10a. DOI: 10.1520/D7156-11.10.1520/D7156-13.2 TheASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. This edition includes all information letters through10-2.12-1. Information letters may be
14、obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to th
15、e standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous
16、version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes
17、section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Pe
18、troleum Products, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable EquationD4
19、739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
20、 Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6278 Test Method for Shear Stability
21、of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector ApparatusD6896 Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Used Engine Oils at Low TemperatureD7109 Test Method for Shear Stability of Polymer Containing Fluids Using a European Diesel Injector Apparatus at 30
22、and 90CyclesD7422 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity
23、 of which is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston
24、rings into the engine crankcase during operation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to thatof a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a s
25、pecification andis intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing of exhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides(NOx). Automotive Handbook53.1.6 heavy-duty, adj in internal combustion engine operation, characterize
26、d by average speeds, power output and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximums. D44853.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engine types, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or closeto its peak output.3.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a r
27、eference oil; such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate oil.D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method; suchas running on an uncalibrated test stand, using different test equipment, applying differen
28、t equipment assembly procedures, or usingmodified operating conditions. D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oil with an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can producedeleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as sludge formation, varnish formation, viscos
29、ity increase, or corrosion,or combination thereof.3.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (s
30、uchas seals) that interact with oils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D41755 Availab
31、le from Robert Bosch GmbH, Postfach 50, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, Germany.D7156 1323.1.13 standard test, na test on a calibrated test stand, using the prescribed equipment that is assembled in accordance withthe requirements in the test method, and conducted in accordance with the specified operating cond
32、itions.3.1.14 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solvents butnot by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resultingfrom mechan
33、ical or chemical action, or a combination of both. D74224. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III diesel engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR). Twooil flushes, each for 30 min, are followed by a test at constant speed and torque conditions for 252
34、h.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosity increase and soot content.4.3 Engine rebuilds may be necessary as indicated by degradation of test parameters and are left to the discretion of the testlaboratory. At rebuild, the power section of the engine is disassembled, solvent-clean
35、ed, and rebuilt, using all new pistons, rings,cylinder liners, valves, and valve guides, in strict accordance with furnished specification.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn or defective parts.4.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories for controlling speed, load,torq
36、ue, and various engine operating conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the viscosity increase and soot concentration (loading) performance of engineoils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR. Obtain results from used oi
37、l analysis.5.2 The test method maycan be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III, electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unit pumps,using 200
38、2 cylinder heads (Annex A2). It is an open- chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged, charge air-cooled,and compression ignition engine. The bore and stroke are (124 by 165) mm, and the displacement is 12 L.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relatively free of dirt and
39、 other contaminants as required by good laboratorystandards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, and controlling humidity in the engine buildup area helps prevent accumulationof dirt and other contaminants on engine parts and aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 The Test Engine
40、:6.2.1 Mack T-11 Test EngineThe engine and cylinder heads are available from Mack Trucks, Inc.6 A complete parts list isshown in Table A2.1, Annex A2. Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, AnnexA2, ever
41、y test, to limit scaling in the cooling system.At the expansion tank, pressurize the system to 103 kPa. Use the coolant shown in 7.3.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cooling system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger, reservoir,and water-out temperature control valve.
42、The system shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket temperatures within thespecified limit. Install a sight glass between the engine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment and uniform flow in aneffort to prevent localized boiling. Block the thermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Flow the c
43、oolant from the engine block fitting to the EGR coolers, see Fig. A1.3, Annex A1. Return the EGR coolantflow to the engine coolant-in line, near the coolant pump inlet, see Fig. A1.7, Annex A1.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, provide an additional minim
44、um volume sump of 11.4 L by using a separateclosed tank connected to the engine sump. Circulate oil through the system with an auxiliary pump.The system schematic is shownin Fig. A1.1, Annex A1. The inside diameters of the No. 6 and No. 8 lines are to have inside diameters of 10 mm and 13 mm,10 mm a
45、nd 13 mm, respectively. Use a minimum No. 8 No. 8 size vent line. Equivalent lines may be substituted for Aeroquip7lines provided they have the proper inside diameters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on the exhaust side of the oil pan, so that the inside bottom of the auxiliaryo
46、il system suction fitting is down from the oil pan rail by 152 mm, and back from the front of the pan by 178 mm. Refer to Fig.A1.4, Annex A1. Connect the auxiliary oil system return line to the power steering pump cover on the front timing gear cover.Refer to Fig.A1.5, AnnexA1. Connect the auxiliary
47、 oil scale vent line to the top of the auxiliary oil sump bucket and the dipsticktube opening.6 Mack Service Manuals are available from local Mack Trucks, Inc. distributors.7 Aeroquip lines are available at local hose distributors.D7156 1336.2.3.3 Use Viking Pump Model SG053514 as the auxiliary oil
48、pumps (see A2.10). Nominal pump speed is 1725 r/min. Shutoff the auxiliary oil pumps if the auxiliary oil system goes dry.6.2.3.4 Use a sight glass to aid in determining the oil level should the auxiliary oil system run dry. An example of a sight glasssetup is shown in Fig. A1.18, Annex A1.6.2.4 Oil
49、 Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cooler adapter blocks to mount the oil cooler to the engine.The adapter blocks are available from the supplierlist in A2.7, Annex A2.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M) shown in Fig. A1.8, Annex A1.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing data at a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowby condensatefrom draining back into the engine, ensure the blowby line has a downward slope to a collection bucket. Ensure the collectionbucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L. Locate the blowby meter dow
