1、Designation: D 7215 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCalculated Flash Point from Simulated Distillation Analysisof Distillate Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the calculated flash pointformula, which represent
3、s a means for directly estimating theflash point temperature of distillate fuels from Test MethodD 2887 data. The value computed from the equation is termedthe “calculated flash point.” The calculated flash point formulais applicable to diesel fuel samples based on a correlation toTest Method D93ove
4、r the range from 47 to 99C, and to jetfuel samples based on a correlation to Test Method D56andTest Method D 3828 over the range from 35 to 67C.1.2 The calculated flash point formula is valid for diesel andjet fuels with an IBP between 90 and 162C (194 and 324F),Test Method D 2887 5% recovery temper
5、ature between 136and 207C (277 and 405F), and Test Method D 2887 10%recovery temperature between 142 and 222C (288 and 432F).For each flash point test method (Test Method D56, TestMethod D93, and Test Method D 3828) a separate equationhas been established. See 4.4 for a detailed overview of thesimul
6、ated distillation IBP, 5%, and 10% ranges per equation.1.3 A calculated diagnostic parameter, not exceeding agiven threshold value, is a prerequisite for acceptance of thecalculated flash point.1.4 The diagnostic parameter MSPEX(Mean SummedPrediction Error) checks the sample compliance, based onreco
7、nstruction of TIBP,T5%, and T10%of the sample, via acalculation procedure. A value for MSPEXnot exceeding thethreshold level of 1.9C is a prerequisite for accepting thecalculated flash point, CFP.NOTE 1It is important to note that calculated flash point results, at thistime, are not recognized by re
8、gulatory organizations in verifying conform-ance to applicable regulations.NOTE 2The calculated flash point derived from simulated distillationdata depends upon the accuracy of determination of the IBP temperatureand the 5% and 10% recovery temperatures.NOTE 3If the users specification requires a de
9、fined flash point testmethod other than this test method, neither this test method nor any othertest method should be substituted for the prescribed test method withoutobtaining comparative data and an agreement from the specifier.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.
10、The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bilit
11、y of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 2887
12、 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improve-ment of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methodsthat Purport to Measure the Same Propert
13、y of a Material3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 diesel fuel, nfuel for diesel engines, as described inSpecification D 975.3.1.2 flash point, nlowest temperature, corrected to apressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), at which application of anignition source causes the vapors of a specimen of the sampl
14、eto ignite under specified conditions of test.3.1.3 jet fuel (kerosene type), naviation turbine fuel asdescribed in Specification D 1655.3.1.4 simulated distillation, n distillation, simulated bygas chromatography, to obtain a boiling range distribution.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stan
15、dard:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0K on Correlative Methods.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
16、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United State
17、s.3.2.1 calculated flash point (CFP), nflash point calculatedusing this test method from the IBP, 5%, and 10% recoverytemperature obtained from simulated distillation according toTest Method D 2887.3.2.2 mean sum of prediction errors of variable X (MSPEX),nmean of summed prediction errors of the pre
18、dictor vari-ables, that is, the recovery temperatures.3.2.3 partial least squares (PLS) regression, nextensionof the multiple linear regression model, specifying a linearrelationship between a dependent variable and a set of predic-tor variables.4. Significance and Use4.1 The flash point temperature
19、 is one measure of thetendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixturewith air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only oneof a number of properties that must be considered in assessingthe overall flammability hazard of a material.4.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety reg
20、ulations todefine flammable and combustible materials. Consult theparticular regulation involved for precise definitions of theseclassifications.4.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highlyvolatile and flammable materials in a relatively non-volatile ornon-flammable material.4.4 In c
21、ases where Test Method D 2887 data are available,that is, for determination of boiling range distribution orcalculation of other physical properties, this test methodprovides a calculation method for flash point without perform-ing an additional analysis. Table 1 shows the ranges for theIBP, 5%, and
22、 10% results for each equation.4.5 In the case where the flash point of a fuel has beeninitially established, the calculated flash point is useful as aflash point check on subsequent samples of that fuel, providedits source and mode of manufacture remain unchanged.5. Procedure5.1 Obtain the IBP, 5%
23、and 10% recovered temperatures ofthe specimen by performing a simulated distillation accordingto Test Method D 2887.5.2 Calculate reconstruction values of TIBP,T5%, and T10%recovery temperatures according to Eq 1-3:TIBP5 2.75 1 0.944 TIBP1 0.163 T5% 0.124 T10 %C (1)T5%5 2.21 1 0.163 TIBP1 0.363 T5%1
24、 0.455 T10 %C (2)T10 %5 3.71 0.124 TIBP1 0.455 T5%1 0.694 T10 %C(3)5.3 Compute the sample compliance mean sum of predic-tion errors of the recovery temperatures, MSPEXof thespecimen according to Eq 4:MSPEX513=TIBP TIBP#21 T5% T5%#21 T10 % T10 %#2C(4)where TIBP,T5%, and T10%refer to the experimental
25、sampleboiling point temperatures.5.4 Compare MSPEXto the critical value of 1.9C. IfMSPEXexceeds this critical value, then the sample is notsuitable for calculation of flash point according to this testmethod. Do not proceed with this test method.6. Calculation6.1 Calculation of the CFP using the app
26、ropriate Eq 5-7:6.1.1 For correlation to Test Method D56:CFPD565 55.5 1 0.164 TIBP1 0.095 T5%1 0.453 T10%C(5)6.1.2 For correlation to Test Method D93:CFPD935 51.7 1 0.403 TIBP1 0.163 T5%1 0.214 T10%C(6)6.1.3 For correlation to Test Method D 3828:CFPD38285 61.4 1 0.223 TIBP 0.201 T5%1 0.721 T10%C(7)7
27、. Report7.1 Report the calculated flash point to the nearest 1C(2F), including the correlating subscript.8. Precision and Bias38.1 Within the range of 47 to 99C (117 to 210F), for dieselfuel samples and within the range of 35 to 67C (95 to 153F)for jet fuel samples, the difference between the calcul
28、ated flashpoint and the experimental flash point will be less than 6 4C(7F) for 95 % of the distillate fuels evaluated.8.2 PrecisionThe precision of this test method as deter-mined by the statistical evaluation of the published repeatabil-ity and reproducibility of the Test Method D 2887 method andt
29、he Test Method D56, Test Method D93 and Test MethodD 3828 correlation models, is as follows:8.3 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive testresults, obtained by the same operator using the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in n
30、ormal and correct operation of thistest method, exceed the values in Table 2 in only one case intwenty.8.4 ReproducibilityThe difference between two single andindependent results obtained by different operators working in3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe o
31、btained by requesting Research Report RR: D021636.TABLE 1 OverviewIBP 5% 10%Min temp Max temp Min temp Max temp Min temp Max tempTest Method D93Diesel 103C (217F) 163C (326F) 144C (291F) 210C (410F) 159C (318F) 236C (457F)Test Method D56Jet Fuel 101C (213F) 136C (277F) 135C (275F) 169C (337F) 141C (
32、285F) 183C (362F)Test Method D 3828 Jet Fuel 101C (213F) 136C (277F) 135C (275F) 169C (337F) 141C (285F) 183C (362F)D7215082different laboratories on identical test material would, in thelong run, exceed the values in Table 3 in only one case intwenty.8.5 BiasBias between flash points from Test Meth
33、odD56, Test Method D93, and Test Method D 3828 and calcu-lated flash point from simulated distillation data has beenevaluated using Practice D 6708. No significant bias was foundbetween the calculated flash point and the flash point deter-mined using the above flash point methods.8.6 Cross-method Re
34、producibilityThe difference betweentwo single and independent results obtained by differentoperators working in different laboratories on identical testmaterial and applying the correlated and reference methodrespectively, would in the long run, exceed the values in Table4 in only one case in twenty
35、.8.7 This correlation model and determination of the cross-method reproducibility was validated by an analysis of vari-ance procedure in accordance with Practice D 6708.8.8 The statistical evaluation and validation can be found inthe research report.9. Keywords9.1 calculated flash point; diesel fuel
36、; flash point; jet fuel;MSPEX; PLS; simulated distillationANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. CORRELATION DATAA1.1 Development of the CorrelationA1.1.1 A database with 117 representative samples wascollected and divided into a correlation data set and a valida-tion data set. The complete data set includ
37、ed 56 diesel fuelsamples and 61 jet fuel samples. The detailed data set structureis given in Tables A1.1 and A1.2.A1.1.2 The empirical equation for the calculated flash pointcorrelation was derived using a partial least squares (PLS)regression. Other correlation techniques have been investi-gated.3A
38、1.1.3 The correlation equations were developed using TestMethod D 2887 distillation data and Test Method D93flashpoint data for diesel fuel and Test Method D56 and TestMethod D 3828 flash point data for jet fuel.TABLE 2 RepeatabilityCalculatedRepeatability, rC FTest Method D56 0.5 0.9Test Method D93
39、 0.8 1.4Test Method D 3828 0.8 1.4TABLE 3 ReproducibilityCalculatedReproducibility, RC FTest Method D56 2.0 3.6Test Method D93 4.4 7.9Test Method D 3828 2.9 5.2TABLE 4 Cross-Method ReproducibilityCalculatedCross-method Reproducibility, RXYC FTest Method D56 4.3 7.7Test Method D93 5.2 9.9Test Method
40、D 3828 3.6 6.4TABLE A1.1 Number of Samples Used for the CorrelationJet Fuel Diesel Fuel TotalEurope USA/Canada Europe USA/CanadaTest Method D56 14 10 24Test Method D93 13 20 33Test Method D 3828 410 14Total 71D7215083ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights a
41、sserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time
42、 by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will re
43、ceive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM In
44、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE A1.2 Number of Samples Used for the ValidationJet Fuel Diesel Fuel TotalEurope USA/Canada Europe USA/CanadaTest Method D56 13 4 17Test Method D93 12 11 23Test Method D 3828 33 6Total 46D7215084
