1、Designation: D 7216 09Standard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility withTypical Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test method described inthis stan
3、dard. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides a reference oil (TMC1006-1) and an assessment of the test results obtained with this oil and the reference elastomers. Bythese means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statisticallysimilar to thos
4、e obtained by other laboratories.The TMC also use the reference oil results on different batches of elastomers from differentlaboratories to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. Somespecifications, for example, Specification D 4485, use the updated TMC sta
5、ndard deviation estimates,pertaining at the time test oils are evaluated, to adjust specification limits for the effects of the industrytest variability.Various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oilsagainst specifications. For example, the U.S. A
6、rmy imposes such a requirement in connection withseveral Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodtha
7、t refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this test method.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for theevaluation of the compatibility of automotive en
8、gine oils withseveral reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealingmaterials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluatedby determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardnessand tensile properties when the elastomer specimens areimmersed in the oil for a specified time and
9、 temperature.1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical prop-erties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level ofresistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed.When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer issaid to be compatible with the liquid or oil.NO
10、TE 1The user of this test method should be proficient in the use ofTest Methods D 412 (tensile properties), D 471 (effect of rubber immer-sion in liquids), D 2240 (Durometer hardness), and D 5662 (gear oilcompatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved inthe execution of t
11、he operations of this test method.1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first orderevaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because sealsmay be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and theymay operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation1This test method is und
12、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.07 on Development and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous
13、edition approved in 2008 as D 721608a.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206. (ww
14、w.astmtmc.cmu.edu) Attention: Administrator. Thisedition incorporates revisions in all information letters through No. 07-1.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oilcomb
15、ination in any service condition usually requires testsadditional to those described in this test method.1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specifiedin this test method were chosen to be representative of thoseused in both heavy-duty diesel engines and passenger-carspark-ignition engin
16、es (the latter are covered in Annex A2).The procedures described in this test method can, however,also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engineoils with different elastomer types/formulations or different testdurations and temperatures to those employed in this testmethod.NOTE 2In
17、such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision,where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree: (1) test tempera-tures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typicalproperties of the elastomer
18、s; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of theelastomer sheets.NOTE 3The TMC may also issue Information Letters on this matter.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address
19、 all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionScope 1Re
20、ferenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Reference Materials 7Procedure 8Calculations 9TMC 1006-1 Reference Oil 10Report 11Precision and Bias 12Keywords 13Formulations and Physical Properties for Reference ElastomersTypically Used in Heavy-Duty Diesel
21、 EnginesAnnex A1Test Procedure for Reference Elastomers Typically Used in Spark-Ignition EnginesAnnex A22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysisD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 471 Test Method for
22、Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD 5662 Test
23、Method for Determining Automotive Gear OilCompatibility with Typical Oil Seal ElastomersE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 SAE Standard4SAE J2643 Standard Reference Elastomers (SRE
24、) for Char-acterizing the Effect of Liquids on Vulcanized Rubbers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D 41753.1.2 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the
25、performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification. D 41753.1.3 elastomer, na natural or synthetic polymer havingthe rubber-like property of substantially recovering its size andshape after removal of a deforming force. D 41753.1.4 engine o
26、il, na liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heatparticularly from the underside of pistons; and serves ascombustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engi
27、ne rusting, deposit forma-tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming are examples.D 41753.1.5 formulation, nthe specific chemical compositionused in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.D 56623.1.6 hardness, nof an elastomer, the resistance to defor-mation or indentation.3.1.6.1
28、DiscussionIn this test method the hardness of anelastomer is measured with a Shore Durometer A (see TestMethod D 2240). D 41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal; combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThis type
29、of engine is typically in-stalled in large trucks and busses as well as farm, industrial,and construction equipment. D 44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D 41753.1.9 reference oil, nan oil of known performa
30、nce char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.9.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D 41753.1.10 tensile strength, nthe maximum tensile stress ap
31、-plied in stretching a specimen to rupture. D 15663For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available
32、from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D72160923.1.11 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure. D 41753.1.12 ultimate elongation, nthe elongation at which rup-ture occurs in the application of continu
33、ed tensile stress.D 15663.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compatibility, nof an engine oil/elastomer combina-tion, a characteristic that signifies a complete or high-level ofresistance of the elastomer to deleterious effects imparted bycontact with, or immersion in, the oil.3.
34、2.1.1 DiscussionThe phrase “high compatibility” indi-cates that after contact or immersion, the elastomer propertiesare maintained at or near their initial level. The terms “lack ofcompatibility” and “low compatibility” indicate that aftercontact or immersion, the elastomer properties are adverselya
35、ffected to an extent that could be detrimental to sealingperformance.3.2.2 immersion test, nan operation to evaluate compat-ibility by determining the effect of a liquid on elastomer testspecimens submerged in the liquid for a specified time and ata specified temperature.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe effect
36、 of the liquid is evaluated bythe difference in (typical) elastomer physical properties pre-and post-immersion.3.2.3 reference elastomer, nan elastomer compound pre-pared using a specified formulation; its immersion test prop-erties with selected oils have been well established by the useof recogniz
37、ed and accepted testing and documentation proce-dures.3.2.4 tensile stress at 50 % elongation, nthe stress re-quired to stretch the uniform cross section of a test specimen to50 % elongation.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Measurements of initial volume, hardness (DurometerA) and tensile properties are
38、 made on specimens of specifieddimensions cut from sheets of reference elastomers.4.1.1 Table 1 shows the types of elastomers involved,typical of those used in heavy-duty diesel engines.4.2 The elastomer specimens are immersed in both non-reference oil(s) and a reference oil and aged for 336 h atspe
39、cified temperatures.4.3 The effects of the test oils on the elastomers aredetermined by measuring the changes in volume, hardness andtensile properties resulting from the immersion in the oil.5. Significance and Use5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lackcompatibility with certain el
40、astomers used for seals in automo-tive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer aregreatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not beenexposed to an engines operating environment) and when theexposure is at elevated temperatures.5.2 This test method requires that non-reference
41、oil(s) betested in parallel with a reference oil, TMC 1006-1, known tobe aggressive for some parameters under service conditions.This relative compatibility permits decisions on the anticipatedor predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant v
42、ariation inphysical properties, not only from batch-to-batch but alsowithin a sheet and from sheet-to-sheet. Results obtained withthe reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to theTMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These e
43、stimates, there-fore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of thereference elastomers on the test variability.5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliancetesting, quality control, referee testing, and research anddevelopment.5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil
44、 and the physicalproperties involved in this test method address the specificrequirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist forcompatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are consideredtoo generalized for engine oils.6. Apparatus6.1 The testing equipment as specified in Test MethodsD 41
45、2, D 471, D 2240, and D 5662 is required for the use ofthis test method.6.2 BalanceUse any commercially available balance ca-pable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg. Equip the balance witha suspension hook and a platform to locate a hydrostatic-weighing beaker above the balance pan.6.2.1 Calibration
46、Calibrate the balance annually as de-scribed in Test Method D 5662.6.3 Hardness Durometer ASee Test Method D 2240. Usea standmounted Durometer.6.3.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness Durometer annu-ally as described in Test Method D 2240. Use an outsidesource, with standards traceable to the Nationa
47、l Institute forStandards Technology (NIST), for annual calibration. Performchecks with internal standards weekly. Checks with internalstandards shall be within 63 points. Calibrate internal stan-dards annually, using an outside source, with standards trace-able to NIST.6.4 Tension Testing MachineSee
48、 the appropriate sectionsof Test Method D 412. The rate of grip separation for thetension testing shall be (8.5 6 0.8) mm/s.6.4.1 CalibrationUsing an outside source, calibrate thetension testing machine annually, as described in Test MethodD 412, using standards traceable to NIST.6.5 Glass TubesPref
49、erably of borosilicate glass, havingan outside diameter of 38 mm and an overall length of 300 mm.TABLE 1 Immersion Temperatures and Times for the FourReference ElastomersAElastomerImmersion TestTemperature, CImmersion TestTime, hNitrile (NBR) 100 6 1 336.0 6 0.5Polyacrylate (ACM) 150 6 1 336.0 6 0.5Fluoroelastomer (FKM) 150 6 1 336.0 6 0.5Silicone (VMQ) 150 6 1 336.0 6 0.5ASome lubricant specifications may require immersion times other than 336 h.For times 70 h the tolerance is 6 0.25 h and for times $ 70 h the tolerance is6 0.5 h (see also 1.4)
