1、Designation: D7216 10Standard Test Method forDetermining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility withTypical Seal Elastomers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the test method described inthis standa
3、rd. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides a reference oil (TMC1006-1) and an assessment of the test results obtained with this oil and the reference elastomers. Bythese means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statisticallysimilar to those
4、obtained by other laboratories.The TMC also use the reference oil results on different batches of elastomers from differentlaboratories to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. Somespecifications, for example, Specification D4485, use the updated TMC standa
5、rd deviation estimates,pertaining at the time test oils are evaluated, to adjust specification limits for the effects of the industrytest variability.Various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services in seeking qualification of oilsagainst specifications. For example, the U.S. Army
6、 imposes such a requirement in connection withseveral Army engine lubricating oil specifications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat r
7、efer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to this test method.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for theevaluation of the compatibility of automotive engin
8、e oils withseveral reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealingmaterials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluatedby determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardnessand tensile properties when the elastomer specimens areimmersed in the oil for a specified time and te
9、mperature.1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical prop-erties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level ofresistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed.When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer issaid to be compatible with the liquid or oil.NOTE
10、1The user of this test method should be proficient in the use ofTest Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersionin liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compat-ibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in theexecution of the oper
11、ations of this test method.1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first orderevaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because sealsmay be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and theymay operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluationof the potential sealing perfor
12、mance of any elastomer-oilcombination in any service condition usually requires testsadditional to those described in this test method.1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specifiedin this test method were chosen to be representative of thoseused in both heavy-duty diesel engines and pas
13、senger-carspark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2).The procedures described in this test method can, however,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.07 on Developme
14、nt and Surveillance of Bench Tests Methods.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D721609. DOI:10.1520/D7216-10.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes i
15、n the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206. (www.astmtmc.cmu.edu) Attention: Administrator. Thisedition incorporates revisions in all information letters through No. 09-2.1Copyright A
16、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engineoils with different elastomer types/formulations or different testdurations and temperatures to those employed in this testmethod.NOTE
17、 2In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision,where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree: (1) test tempera-tures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typicalproperties of the elas
18、tomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of theelastomer sheets.NOTE 3The TMC may also issue Information Letters on this matter.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purport to ad
19、dress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:SectionScop
20、e 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Reference Materials 7Procedure 8Calculations 9TMC 1006-1 Reference Oil 10Report 11Precision and Bias 12Keywords 13Formulations and Physical Properties for Reference ElastomersTypically Used in Heavy-Duty D
21、iesel EnginesAnnex A1Test Procedure for Reference Elastomers Typically Used in Spark-Ignition EnginesAnnex A22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnaly-sisD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD471 Test Method f
22、or Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD5662 Test Met
23、hod for Determining Automotive Gear OilCompatibility with Typical Oil Seal ElastomersE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 SAE Standard4SAE J2643 Standard Reference Elastomers (SRE) fo
24、r Char-acterizing the Effect of Liquids on Vulcanized Rubbers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 automotive, adjdescriptive of equipment associatedwith self-propelled machinery, usually vehicles driven byinternal combustion engines. D41753.1.2 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperfo
25、rmance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.3 elastomer, na natural or synthetic polymer havingthe rubber-like property of substantially recovering its size andshape after removal of a deforming force. D41753.1.4 engine oil, na
26、liquid that reduces friction or wear, orboth, between the moving parts within an engine; removes heatparticularly from the underside of pistons; and serves ascombustion gas sealant for the piston rings.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt may contain additives to enhancecertain properties. Inhibition of engine rust
27、ing, deposit forma-tion, valve train wear, oil oxidation and foaming are examples.D41753.1.5 formulation, nthe specific chemical compositionused in manufacturing a seal elastomer or a reference oil.D56623.1.6 hardness, nof an elastomer, the resistance to defor-mation or indentation.3.1.6.1 Discussio
28、nIn this test method the hardness of anelastomer is measured with a Shore Durometer A (see TestMethod D2240). D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal; combustion enginetypes, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.7.1 DiscussionThis type of engine i
29、s typically in-stalled in large trucks and busses as well as farm, industrial,and construction equipment. D44853.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D41753.1.9 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acte
30、ristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.9.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoils. D41753.1.10 tensile strength, nthe maximum tensile stress ap-plied in stre
31、tching a specimen to rupture. D15663.1.11 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestablished procedure. D41753.1.12 ultimate elongation, nthe elongation at which rup-ture occurs in the application of continued tensile stress.D15663.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 comp
32、atibility, nof an engine oil/elastomer combina-tion, a characteristic that signifies a complete or high-level of3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
33、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.D7216 102resistance of the elastomer to deleterious effects imparted bycontact with, or immersion in, the oil.3.2.1.1 Discussion
34、The phrase “high compatibility” indi-cates that after contact or immersion, the elastomer propertiesare maintained at or near their initial level. The terms “lack ofcompatibility” and “low compatibility” indicate that aftercontact or immersion, the elastomer properties are adverselyaffected to an ex
35、tent that could be detrimental to sealingperformance.3.2.2 immersion test, nan operation to evaluate compat-ibility by determining the effect of a liquid on elastomer testspecimens submerged in the liquid for a specified time and ata specified temperature.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe effect of the liquid i
36、s evaluated bythe difference in (typical) elastomer physical properties pre-and post-immersion.3.2.3 reference elastomer, nan elastomer compound pre-pared using a specified formulation; its immersion test prop-erties with selected oils have been well established by the useof recognized and accepted
37、testing and documentation proce-dures.3.2.4 tensile stress at 50 % elongation, nthe stress re-quired to stretch the uniform cross section of a test specimen to50 % elongation.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Measurements of initial volume, hardness (DurometerA) and tensile properties are made on specime
38、ns of specifieddimensions cut from sheets of reference elastomers.4.1.1 Table 1 shows the types of elastomers involved,typical of those used in heavy-duty diesel engines.4.2 The elastomer specimens are immersed in both non-reference oil(s) and a reference oil and aged for 336 h atspecified temperatu
39、res.4.3 The effects of the test oils on the elastomers aredetermined by measuring the changes in volume, hardness andtensile properties resulting from the immersion in the oil.5. Significance and Use5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lackcompatibility with certain elastomers used fo
40、r seals in automo-tive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer aregreatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not beenexposed to an engines operating environment) and when theexposure is at elevated temperatures.5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) betested
41、in parallel with a reference oil, TMC 1006-1, known tobe aggressive for some parameters under service conditions.This relative compatibility permits decisions on the anticipatedor predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation inphysi
42、cal properties, not only from batch-to-batch but alsowithin a sheet and from sheet-to-sheet. Results obtained withthe reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to theTMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, there-
43、fore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of thereference elastomers on the test variability.5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliancetesting, quality control, referee testing, and research anddevelopment.5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil and the physica
44、lproperties involved in this test method address the specificrequirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist forcompatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are consideredtoo generalized for engine oils.6. Apparatus6.1 The testing equipment as specified in Test MethodsD412, D471, D2240, a
45、nd D5662 is required for the use of thistest method.6.2 BalanceUse any commercially available balance ca-pable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg. Equip the balance witha suspension hook and a platform to locate a hydrostatic-weighing beaker above the balance pan.6.2.1 CalibrationCalibrate the balanc
46、e annually as de-scribed in Test Method D5662.6.3 Hardness Durometer ASee Test Method D2240. Use astandmounted Durometer.6.3.1 CalibrationCalibrate the hardness Durometer annu-ally as described in Test Method D2240. Use an outside source,with standards traceable to the National Institute for Standar
47、dsTechnology (NIST), for annual calibration. Perform checkswith internal standards weekly. Checks with internal standardsshall be within 63 points. Calibrate internal standards annu-ally, using an outside source, with standards traceable to NIST.6.4 Tension Testing MachineSee the appropriate section
48、sof Test Method D412. The rate of grip separation for thetension testing shall be (8.5 6 0.8) mm/s.6.4.1 CalibrationUsing an outside source, calibrate thetension testing machine annually, as described in Test MethodD412, using standards traceable to NIST.6.5 Glass TubesPreferably of borosilicate gla
49、ss, havingan outside diameter of 38 mm and an overall length of 300 mm.Fit each tube loosely with an inert sealing device (such as acork stopper covered with aluminum foil) that will not con-taminate the test oil.6.6 Hanger WireStainless steel, about 0.5 mm diameter,having a suitably sized eye at one end of the wire and a hookat the other end, separated by approximately 8 mm. This isused to suspend the elastomer test specimens when measuringtheir mass in water.6.7 Specimen Suspension WireStainless steel, about (0.8to 1) mm diameter to the shap
