1、Designation: D 7217 05An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Extreme Pressure Properties of Solid BondedFilms Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) TestMachine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7217; the number immediately following the design
2、ation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a proce
3、dure for determiningextreme pressure properties of solid bonded films underhigh-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV testmachine.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purpor
4、t to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 295
5、/A 295M Specification for High-CarbonAnti-FrictionBearing SteelD 2510 Test Method for Adhesion of Solid Film LubricantsD 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsE45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Contentof SteelG40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
6、2.2 Other Standards:DIN EN ISO 683-17 Heat-treated Steels, Alloy Steels andFree-Cutting SteelsPart 17: Ball and Roller BearingSteels3DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998 Geometrical Product Specifica-tions (GPS)Surface Texture: Profile Method; SurfacesHaving Stratified Functional PropertiesPart 2: HeightCharacte
7、rization Using Linear Material Ratio Curve Re-placement of DIN 4776:1990: Measurement of SurfaceRoughness; Parameters RK,RPK,RVK,Mr1,Mr2for theDescription of the Material Portion3SAE AS5272 Lubricant, Solid Film, Heat Cured, CorrosionInhibiting Procurement Specification4AMS 2562B53. Terminology3.1 D
8、efinitions:3.1.1 break-in, nin tribology, an initial transition processoccurring in newly established wearing contacts, often accom-panied by transients in coefficient of friction or wear rate, orboth, which are uncharacteristic of the given tribologicalsystems long-term behavior. G403.1.2 coeffcien
9、t of friction, or , nin tribology, thedimensionless ratio of the friction force (F) between two bodiesto the normal force (N) pressing these bodies together. G403.1.3 Hertzian contact area, nthe apparent area of contactbetween two nonconforming solid bodies pressed against eachother, as calculated f
10、rom Hertzs equations of elastic deforma-tion. G403.1.4 Hertzian contact pressure, nthe magnitude of thepressure at any specified location in a Hertzian contact area, ascalculated from Hertzs equations of elastic deformation.G403.1.5 lubricant, nany material interposed between twosurfaces that reduce
11、s the friction or wear, or both betweenthem. D 41753.1.6 solid bonded film (sbf), nconsists of physically driedor chemically hardened (cured) bonded solid films as well as ofinorganic matrices containing embedded organic or inorganic,or both, solid lubricants with or without lattice layers or softme
12、tals or combinations of these. Synonymssolid film lubri-cants (Test Method D 2510), bonded solid film lubricant (SAEAS5272), and thin lubricating film (AMS 2562B).3.1.6.1 DiscussionDry solid film lubricants are dry coat-ings consisting of lubricating powders in a solid matrix bondedto one or both su
13、rfaces to be lubricated. D 25101This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0 on Industrial Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published January 2006.2For referenced ASTM stan
14、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH, Burggrafenstrasse 6, D-10787 Berlin,Germany.4Availa
15、ble from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.5Aerospace Material Specifications.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 Ra (C.L.A.), nin measuring surface finish, the ar
16、ith-metic average of the absolute distances of all profile pointsfrom the mean line for a given distance.63.1.8 Rz (DIN), nin measuring surface finish, the averageof all Ry values (peak to valley heights) in the assessmentlength.73.1.9 Rpk, nreduced peak height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. R
17、pk is the mean height of the peak stickingout above the core profile section.3.1.10 Rvk, nreduced valley height according to DIN ENISO 13565-2:1998. Rvk is the mean depth of the valleyreaching into the material below the core profile section.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 e
18、xtreme pressure, adjin lubrication, characterizedby metal surfaces in contact under high-stress rubbing condi-tions.3.2.2 seizure, nlocalized fusion of metal between therubbing surfaces of the test pieces.3.2.2.1 DiscussionSeizure is indicated by a sharp rise inthe coefficient of friction, over stea
19、dy state, of greater than 0.2for over 20 s. In severe cases, a stoppage in the motor willoccur.3.2.3 SRV, nSchwingung, Reibung, Verschleiss (Ger-man); oscillating, friction, wear (English translation).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is performed on an SRV test machineusing a steel test
20、 ball oscillating against a steel test disk withlubricant between them. Test load is increased in 100-Nincrements until seizure occurs. The load, immediately prior tothe load at which seizure occurs, is measured and reported.NOTE 1Test frequency, stroke length, temperature, and ball and diskmaterial
21、 can be varied to simulate field conditions. The test ball yieldspoint-contact geometry. To obtain line or area contact, test pieces ofdiffering configurations can be substituted for the test balls.5. Significance and Use5.1 This laboratory test method can be used to quicklydetermine extreme pressur
22、e properties of parts coated withsolid bonded films at selected temperatures specified for use inunlubricated applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present with high Hertzian point contact. Thistest method has found wide application in qualifying solidbonded films used
23、in automotive door lock mechanisms, hingejoints, bolts, and in aerospace. This test method is a materialand application oriented approach for characterizing the tribo-logical behaviour using random, discrete and constant param-eter combinations Users of this test method should determinewhether resul
24、ts correlate with field performance or otherapplications.6. Apparatus6.1 SRV Test Machine,8illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Test Balls,852100 steel, 60 6 2 Rc hardness, 0.025 60.005-m Ra surface finish, = 10-mm diameter.NOTE 2The test can also be performed using rollers of a
25、ntifrictionbearings ( = 15 mm; length = 22 mm, parabolic border regions). Using2000 N as normal force possible in SRV III models conducts only to amaximum Hertzian contact pressure of 808 MPa, which is far away fromthe capability of most SBFs.7.2 Lower Test Disk8vacuum arc remelted (VAR) AISI52100 s
26、teel with a inclusion rating using method D, Type A, asseverity level number of 0.5 according to Test Methods E45,SpecificationA 295/A 295M or a inclusion sum value K1#10according to DIN EN ISO 683-17 and spherodized annealed toobtain globular carbide, 60 6 2 Rc hardness, the surfaces of thedisk bei
27、ng lapped and free of lapping raw materials. Thetopography of the disk will be determined by four values: 0.5m Rz 0.650 m; 0.035 m C.L.A. (Ra) 0.050 m,0.020 m Rpk 0.035 m and 0.050 m Rvk 0.075 m, = 24-mm diameter by 7.85 mm thick.NOTE 3The DIN 17230-1980 was replaced by DIN EN ISO 683-17.7.3 n-Hepta
28、ne, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7.4 Isopropanol, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)7.5 Toluene, reagent grade. (WarningFlammable. Healthhazard.)7.6 Cleaning Solvent, a mixture of equal volumes ofn-heptane, ispropanol, and toluene. (WarningFlammable.Health hazard.)6A
29、mstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, p. 21.7Amstutz, Hu, “Surface Texture: The Parameters,” Bulletin MI-TP-003-0785,Sheffield Measurement Division, Warner and Swasey, 1985, pp. 31, 29.8The sole source of suppl
30、y of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Optimol Instruments GmbH, Westendstr. 125, D-80339 Munich, Germany. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information with round robindata to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeti
31、ng of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.FIG. 1 SRV Test Machine, Model IIID72170528. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Turn on the test machine and chart recorder or the PCand allow to warm up for 15 min prior to running tests.8.2 Select the friction data to be presented in the cre
32、st peakvalue position in accordance with the manufacturers direc-tions.NOTE 4In most cases, this is accomplished by positioning the slidingswitch on electronic card NO. 291.35.20E (front side of electronics behindthe front panel) and the sliding switch located back on the panel of thecontrol unit.8.
33、3 Turn the stroke knob to ZERO.8.4 Switch the stroke adjustment to AUTO position.8.5 Set the frequency to 20 Hz.8.6 Set the desired span and calibrate the chart recorder inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions. Select thedesired chart speed.9. Procedure9.1 Check the coated disk for visible
34、damage or corrosion.Clean the test ball and coated disk by wiping the surfaces withlaboratory tissue soaked with the cleaning solvent. Repeatwiping until no dark residue appears on the tissue. Immerse thetest ball and disk in a beaker of the cleaning solvent underultrasonic vibration for 10 min. Dry
35、 the test ball and disk witha clean tissue to ensure no streaking occurs on the surface.NOTE 5Ensure that the binder is resistant to the solvent. In the casethat the binder is not resistant to the solvent, wipe only the coated disksurface with a laboratory tissue.9.2 Place the cleaned test ball on t
36、he top and in the middleof the coated disk specimen.9.3 Ensure the machine is unloaded (indicated by a loadreading of 13 or 14 N) and carefully place coated diskspecimen and test ball on the test area platform.9.4 Tighten both the ball and disk clamps until resistance totightening just begins. Then
37、load unit to 20 N and tighten theball and disk clamps to a torque of 2.5 Nm. Maintain the loadof 20 N for break-in.9.5 Turn on the heater control, and set to the desiredtemperature, for example, 50C.9.6 Set the load charge amplifier to setting that correspondsto the 400-N load.9.7 Change the load ch
38、arge amplifier at each load inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions when thecoefficient of friction at each test load is to be studied.9.8 When the temperature has stabilized, turn on the chartrecorder or PC and depress the drive start toggle switch untilthe timer begins to count and then a
39、djust the stroke amplitudeknob to 2.00 mm.9.9 When the digital timer reaches 30 s, increase the load to20 N using the slow ramp speed rate and maintain this load for2 min. The 2-min interval includes the loading ramp sequence.Increase the load by 10 N every 1, 3, or 6 min using the slowramp until th
40、e load limit of the test apparatus is attained, orfailure occurs. Failure is indicated by a rise in coefficient offriction of greater than 0.2 over steady state for over 20 s or astoppage in the oscillating of the test machine.NOTE 6Because a 30-s break-in at xxx N is used, the load increasetimes wi
41、ll occur on the half minute of even minutes.NOTE 7The SRVII test machines available after 1992 have a maxi-mum load of 1400 N and SRVIII/IV test machines after 1995 of 2000 N.Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II machines tooperate with 1600 N, if needed.89.10 When the 1200-N
42、load run or maximum load of the testapparatus is completed or failure occurs, turn off the heatercontrol, release the load to minimum setting, (typically 13 or14 N), and remove the test ball and disk test specimen.NOTE 8When using SRV III and IV models, clean and install thespecimens as specified un
43、der 9.1-9.4. The test parameters are to be enteredvia the control software. The test will be run automatically. Test resultswill be displayed and saved.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Report all parameters used to evaluate material asfollows:10.1.1.1 Temperature, C,10.1.1.2 St
44、roke, mm,10.1.1.3 Frequency, Hz,10.1.1.4 Relative humidity in %,10.1.1.5 Load step interval in seconds,10.1.1.6 Test ball material,10.1.1.7 Test disk material,10.1.1.8 Solid bonded film test coating, and10.1.1.9 Pretreatment of disk.NOTE 9Pretreatment can consist in sandblasting followed by phos-pha
45、te treatment (manganese, zinc, or iron base).NOTE 10As especially under unlubricated conditions the tribologicalproperties depends from the relative humidity of the surrounding air, thistest quantity has to be reported or controlled.10.2 Report the highest test load (pass load) at which noseizure oc
46、curred.1. Oscillation drive rod 6. Electrical resistance heater2. Test ball holder 7. Resistance thermometer3. Load rod 8. Test disk holder4. Test ball 9. Piezoelectric measuring device5. Test disk 10. Receiving blockFIG. 2 Test Chamber ElementsD721705311. Precision and Bias911.1 Ten cooperators tes
47、ted two different, commercial avail-able solid bonded films at one temperature using three differenttimes for load increase of 1, 3, and 6 min and 10 mm balls andflat disks using AISI 52100 (100Cr6H) in repeated tests. Apoly(amidimid) bonded, MoS2containing SBF was suppliedby SBF1 and a “white” PTFE
48、-containing SBF by SBF2. Thecooperators reported relative humidities between 40 and 50 %.All disks were sand blasted (Frigosit 100 mesh) and phos-phated.ADJD6300 (D2PPsoftware) was used for the statisticalanalysis of the data.1011.2 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability
49、of results (95 % probability) for solid bondedfilms, which have load carrying capacities of up to 4000 MPaor less in the SRV apparatus using an oscillating frequency of20 Hz, a temperature of 50C and 2 mm of stroke (seeAppendix X1).11.2.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successiveresults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method exceed the following values only in one
