1、Designation: D 7224 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing Additives byPortable Separometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7224; the number immediately following the
2、 designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method was dev
3、eloped to satisfy three objectives: (1) Develop a test method that wouldrespond in the same manner as Test Method D 3948 to strong surfactants, but not give lowmicro-separometer (MSEP) ratings to fuels containing weak surfactants (additives) that do not degradethe performance of commercial filter se
4、parator elements; (2) Use filter media in the coalescer test thatwould be representative of the filtration media in commercial filter separator elements; and (3)Improve the precision of the test method compared to Test Method D 3948.This test method was developed using material that is representativ
5、e of coalescing materialscurrently used in commercial filter separator elements. The fiberglass coalescing material used in TestMethod D 3948 was suitable for coalescing filters in use when that test method was developed, butdevelopments in coalescing elements in the intervening years have resulted
6、in improved materials thatare not affected by weak surfactants. Test Method D 3948 yields low results on some additized fuelsthat do not affect the performance of filter separators (coalescing filters) in actual service. Since thistest method was developed with material that is representative of the
7、 media used in current filterseparators, the results by this test method are more relevant to performance in current filter separators.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for fieldand laboratory use to rate the ability of kerosine-type aviationturbine fuels, both neat and tho
8、se containing additives, torelease entrained or emulsified water when passed throughfiberglass coalescing material.1.1.1 This test method is applicable to kerosine-type avia-tion turbine fuels including: Jet A and Jet A-1 (as described inSpecification D 1655); JP-5, JP-7, JP-8, and JP-8+100. (SeeSec
9、tion 6.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to estab
10、lish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 8.2-8.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Char
11、acteristicsof Aviation Turbine Fuels3D 3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels3D 3948 Test Method for Determining Water SeparationCharacteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by PortableSeparometerD 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affect
12、ed by Trace Contamination2.2 Military Standards:4MIL-DTL-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5,and JP-5/JP- 8 STMIL-DTL-25524 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Thermally StableMIL-DTL-38219 Turbine Fuels, Low Volatility, JP-71This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum
13、 Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 722405e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www
14、.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19
15、111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types,NATO F-34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+1003.
16、Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 micro-separometer rating (MSEP rating), na nu-merical value indicating the ease of separating emulsified waterfrom fuel by coalescence as affected by the presence of surfaceactive materials (surfactants) in the fuel.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test method uses the same in
17、stru-ment, Micro-Separometer, that is used in Test Method D 3948.As in Test Method D 3948, the MSEP ratings are only validwithin the range of 50 to 100. Ratings at the upper end of therange indicate a clean fuel with little or no contamination bysurfactants. Thus a fuel with a high MSEP rating is ex
18、pected toshow good water-separating properties when passed through afilter-separator (coalescing-type filter) in actual service.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 MCell Coalescer, na registered trademark of EM-CEE Electronics, Inc.5referring to a particular coalescing filterele
19、ment specifically designed for this test method.3.2.2 reference fluid bases, nfuels that have been care-fully cleaned in a prescribed manner to remove all surface-active contaminants, and having a minimum MSEP rating of97.3.2.3 reference fluids, nreference fluid bases to whichprescribed quantities o
20、f a known surface active agent havebeen added.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe known surface active agent istypically bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, commonlyreferred to as AOT, dissolved in toluene.3.2.4 surfactants, nsurface active materials that coulddisarm (deactivate) filter separator (coalescing)
21、 elements sothat free water is not removed from the fuel in actual servic.3.2.4.1 strong surfactantssurface active materials thatdisarm filter separator elements. Strong surfactants can berefinery process chemicals left in the fuel or contaminantsintroduced during transportation of the fuel.3.2.4.2
22、weak surfactantssurface active materials that aretypically certain types of additives that do not adversely affectthe performance of filter separator elements in actual service.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1 AOTaerosol OT (see 8.1).3.3.2 MSEPmicro-separometer.3.3.3 SDAstatic dissipator additive.4. Summary
23、of Test Method4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringeusing a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled fromthe syringe at a programmed rate through a specific fiberglasscoalescer, the MCell Coalescer,5and the effluent is analyzedfor uncoalesced water (that is, dispersed water
24、droplets) by alight transmission measurement. The Micro-Separometer hasan effective range of 50-to-100 scaled to the nearest wholenumber. A test can be performed in 5 to 10 minutes.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a measurement of the pres-ence of surfactants in aviation turbine
25、fuels. Like previousobsolete Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602 and current TestMethod D 3948, this test method can detect trace amounts ofrefinery treating chemicals in fuel. The test methods can alsodetect surface active substances added to fuel in the form ofadditives or picked up by the fuel during
26、handling from pointof production to point of use. Some of these substancesdegrade the ability of filter separators to separate free waterfrom the fuel.5.2 This test method yields approximately the same (low)MSEP ratings as Test Method D 3948 for fuels that containstrong surfactants.5.2.1 This test m
27、ethod will give approximately the sameMSEP ratings for Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8 fuels asTest Method D 3948 when testing reference fluids.5.3 The MSEP ratings obtained by this test method are lessaffected by weak surfactants than Test Method D 3948. Some-what higher MSEP ratings for Jet A
28、, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, andJP-8 fuels are obtained by this test method than those obtainedby Test Method D 3948 when additives such as static dissipateradditives (SDA) and corrosion inhibitors are present in thefuel. This correlates with the satisfactory performance of filterseparators for such fuels
29、, when wet. However, these sameadditives adversely affect the MSEP ratings obtained by TestMethod D 3948 by erroneously indicating that such additizedfuels would significantly degrade the ability of filter separatorsto separate free water from the fuel in actual service.5.4 The Micro-Separometer has
30、 an effective measurementrange from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limitsare undefined and invalid.NOTE 1In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is agood probability that light transmittance was reduced by material,typically water, contained in the fuel that was used to
31、 set the 100 referencelevel. During the coalescing portion of the test, the contaminating materialas well as the 50 6 1 L of distilled water was subsequently removedduring this portion of the test. Thus, the processed fuel had a higher lighttransmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 r
32、eference levelresulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100.6. Interferences6.1 Any suspended particles, whether solid or water drop-lets or haze, in a fuel sample will interfere with this testmethod, which utilizes light transmission of a fuel sample afteremulsification with water and su
33、bsequent coalescence.7. Apparatus7.1 A Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe Instrument6isused to perform the test. The unit is completely portable andself-contained, capable of operating on an (optional) internalrechargeable battery pack or being connected to an ac power5A registered trademark of EMCEE E
34、lectronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice,FL 34285. www.emcee-.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Model 1140 Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe, EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285. www.emcee-. If you are aware ofalternative supplie
35、rs, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D7224072source using power cords which are available for variousvoltages. Connection to an ac power source
36、will provide powerto the unit and effect battery recharge. The power cords, testaccessories and operators manual can be packed in the cover ofthe lockable case.7.1.1 Review the Operating Manual of the Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe instrument that is furnished witheach unit (and is also available f
37、rom the manufacturerswebsite) for operating instructions. The instrument is not fieldrepairable. Also note that this instrument is designed toperform a number of different functions in addition to thisspecific test method.7.1.2 The Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and associ-ated control panel are sh
38、own in Fig. 1. The emulsifier is on theright side of the raised panel and the syringe drive mechanismis on the left side. The control panel containing the operatingcontrols is mounted on the fixed panel in the left side of thecase. Table 1 lists the manual and audio operating character-istics of the
39、 instrument.7.1.3 All of the controls are located in a push-button arrayon the control panel. The push-buttons illuminate when de-pressed thus indicating operational status. A circuit breakerlocated on the control panel provides protection for the acpower circuit.7.1.4 By depressing the ON push-butt
40、on, the electroniccircuits are energized. The ON push-button pulses on and offwhen the instrument is being operated by an ac source andremains constantly on when the battery (dc) pack is used. Thelettered push-buttons will sequentially illuminate indicatingREADY operational status.NOTE 2Of the lette
41、red (A-G) push-buttons, only theApush-button forkerosine-type aviation turbine fuels is applicable to this test method.7.1.5 The RESET push-button can be depressed at any timeto cancel the test in progress and restore the program to theinitial start mode. The lettered push-buttons commence tosequent
42、ially illuminate, thus indicating a READY operationalstatus enabling test mode selection.7.1.6 Depress the A push-button to select test Mode A. Thedepressed push-button and the START push-button will illu-minate.7.1.7 The START push-button, when depressed initially,initiates the CLEAN cycle causing
43、the syringe drive mecha-nism to travel to the UP position and the emulsifier motor tooperate for the cleaning operation.7.1.8 The START push-button, when depressed after thesecond CLEAN cycle initiates the automatic program sequencecausing the read indicator and the two ARROWED push-buttons to illum
44、inate, indicating that a full-scale adjustmentperiod is in effect. A numerical value also appears on thedisplay.7.1.9 The turbidimeter is located under the main controlpanel and consists of a well in which the sample vial is placed(in a specified orientation), a light source and a photocell.7.1.10 B
45、y depressing the appropriate ARROWED push-button, the displayed value on the meter can be increased ordecreased, as required, to attain the 100 reference level for thevial of fuel sample in the turbidimeter.7.2 Accessory equipment and expendable materials neededto perform the test are shown in Fig.
46、2 and consist of thefollowing:7.2.1 Connector (A)A plastic connector used to affix theMCell Coalescer5to the aluminum syringe barrel. The connec-tor is not required with the plastic syringe.7.2.2 Syringe Plug (B)A plastic plug used to stopper thesyringe during the CLEAN and EMULSION cycles.7.2.3 Syr
47、inge, (Barrel (C) and Plunger (D), either:FIG. 1 Micro-Separometer and Associated Control PanelTABLE 1 Manual and Audio Operating Characteristics of theModel 1140 Micro-Separometer InstrumentAvailable Test Mode(s) Function Mark V DeluxeTest ModeSelect Mode A:Depress A push-buttonSyringe Drive Not re
48、quiredSpeed Selection Not requiredClean Cycle:Depress START push-buttonInitiate Automatic Test Sequence:Depress START push-buttonCancel Automatic Sequence:Depress RESET push-button1st Meter Read1st Meter Adjust Depress ARROWED push-buttons2nd Meter Read2nd Meter Adjust Depress ARROWED push-buttonsCo
49、llect Sample Short Tone and C/SAnnunciator Lamp Illuminates3rd Meter ReadRecord Measurement Pulsed Tone Sounds5sinto3rd Meter ReadingD72240737.2.3.1 A single use plastic syringe and plunger, which isfurnished in each six-pack (7.3), or7.2.3.2 A reusable aluminum syringe and plunger. Thebarrel of the aluminum syringe has an internal, circumferentialscribe mark that indicates the 50-mL fill level (Fig. 3). Theplunger has an external, circumferential scribe mark thatindicates the point of insertion in the syringe barrel to wherethe plunge
