1、Designation: D7224 12D7224 13 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Water Separation Characteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Containing Additives byPortable Separometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7224; the number immediately follow
2、ing the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method w
3、as developed to satisfy three objectives: (1) Develop a test method that wouldrespond in the same manner as Test Method D3948 to strong surfactants, but not give lowmicro-separometer (MSEP) ratings to fuels containing weak surfactants (additives) that do not degradethe performance of commercial filt
4、er separator elements; (2) Use filter media in the coalescer test thatwould be representative of the filtration media in commercial filter separator elements; and (3)Improve the precision of the test method compared to Test Method D3948.This test method was developed using material that is represent
5、ative of coalescing materialscurrently used in commercial filter separator elements. The fiberglass coalescing material used in TestMethod D3948 was suitable for coalescing filters in use when that test method was developed, butdevelopments in coalescing elements in the intervening years have result
6、ed in improved materials thatare not affected by weak surfactants. Test Method D3948 yields low results on some additized fuelsthat do not affect the performance of filter separators (coalescing filters) in actual service. Since thistest method was developed with material that is representative of t
7、he media used in current filterseparators, the results by this test method are more relevant to performance in current filter separators.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of kerosine-type aviationturbine fuels, both neat and
8、those containing additives, to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglasscoalescing material.1.1.1 This test method is applicable to kerosine-type aviation turbine fuels including: Jet A and Jet A-1 (as described inSpecification D1655); JP-5, JP-7, JP-8, and JP-8+100. (See
9、Section 6.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to
10、 establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.2-8.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Ch
11、aracteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1989)3D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1994)3D3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer1 This test method is under t
12、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0D02.J0.50 on Aviation FuelsFuel Cleanliness.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012June 15, 2013. Published April 2013July 2013. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous e
13、dition approved in 20082012 asD7224D7224 12.08. DOI: 10.1520/D7224-12.10.1520/D7224-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、 page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not b
15、e technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end o
16、f this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD7261 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Diesel Fu
17、els by Portable Separometer2.2 Military Standards:4MIL-DTL-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, and JP-5/JP- 8 STMIL-DTL-25524 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Thermally StableMIL-DTL-38219 Turbine Fuels, Low Volatility, JP-7MIL-DTL-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types, NATO F-34 (JP-8), NA
18、TO F-35, and JP-8+1003. Terminology3.1 For definitions of the terms used in this test method that are not shown below, refer to Test Methods D3948 and D7261.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 Micro-Separometer5 rating (MSEP5 rating), nin the aviation fuel industry, a numerical value indicating the ease ofseparat
19、ing emulsified water from aviation (jet) fuel by coalescence as affected by the presence of surface active materials (alsoknown as surface active agents or surfactants).3.2.1.1 DiscussionMSEP ratings are only valid within the range of 50 to 100, with ratings at the upper end of the range indicating
20、a clean fuel withlittle or no contamination by surfactants, which is expected to show good water-separating properties when passed through afilter-separator (coalescing type filter) in actual service.3.2.2 reference fluid, nin MSEP and DSEP5 diesel separability water separability tests, a reference
21、fluid base to which aprescribed quantity of a known surface active agent has been added.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe known surface active agent is typically bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, commonly referred to as AOT, dissolved intoluene.3.2.3 reference fluid base, nin aviation MSEP water separabil
22、ity tests, jet fuel that has been cleaned in a prescribed mannerto remove all surface-active contaminants (agents), and having a minimum MSEP rating of 97.3.2.4 surfactant, nin petroleum fuels, surface active material (or surface active agent) that could disarm (deactivate) filterseparator (coalesci
23、ng) elements so that free water is not removed from the fuel in actual service.3.2.4.1 DiscussionTechnically, surfactants affect the interfacial tension between water and fuel which affects the tendency of water to coalesce intodroplets.3.2.5 strong surfactant, nin petroleum fuels, surface active ma
24、terial that disarms filter separator elements, allowing water topass.3.2.5.1 DiscussionStrong surfactants can be refinery process chemicals left in the fuel or contaminants introduced during transportation of the fuel.3.2.6 weak surfactant, nin petroleum fuels, surface active material, typically cer
25、tain types of additives such as static dissipatoradditive, that does not adversely affect the performance of filter separator elements in actual service.3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 MCell6 Coalescer, nreferring to a particular coalescing filter element specifically design
26、ed for this test method.3.4 Abbreviations:3.4.1 AOTaerosol OT (see 8.1).3.4.2 DSEPdiesel separability.3.4.3 MSEPMicro-Separometer.micro-separometer.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5 A trademark of EM
27、CEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285, www.emcee-.6 A registered trademark of EMCEE Electronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285, www.emcee-.D7224 1323.4.4 SDAstatic dissipator additive.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringe usi
28、ng a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled from thesyringe at a programmed rate through a specific fiberglass coalescer, the MCell Coalescer,6 and the effluent is analyzed foruncoalesced water (that is, dispersed water droplets) by a light transmission measurement. The Micro-Separometer in
29、strument hasan effective range of 50-to-100 scaled to the nearest whole number. A test can be performed in 5 to 10 minutes.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a measurement of the presence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like previous obsolete TestMethods D2550 and D3602 a
30、nd current Test Method D3948, this test method can detect trace amounts of refinery treatingchemicals in fuel. The test methods can also detect surface active substances added to fuel in the form of additives or picked upby the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Some of t
31、hese substances degrade the ability of filterseparators to separate free water from the fuel.5.2 This test method yields approximately the same (low) MSEP ratings as Test Method D3948 for fuels that contain strongsurfactants.5.2.1 This test method will give approximately the same MSEP ratings for Je
32、t A, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8 fuels as TestMethod D3948 when testing reference fluids.5.3 The MSEP ratings obtained by this test method are less affected by weak surfactants than Test Method D3948. Somewhathigher MSEP ratings for Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8 fuels are obtained by this t
33、est method than those obtained by TestMethod D3948 when additives such as static dissipater additives (SDA) and corrosion inhibitors are present in the fuel. Thiscorrelates with the satisfactory performance of filter separators for such fuels, when wet. However, these same additives adverselyaffect
34、the MSEP ratings obtained by Test Method D3948 by erroneously indicating that such additized fuels would significantlydegrade the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel in actual service.5.4 The Micro-Separometer instrument has an effective measurement range from 50 to 100
35、. Values obtained outside of thoselimits are undefined and invalid.NOTE 1In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is a good probability that light transmittance was reduced by material, typically water,contained in the fuel that was used to set the 100 reference level. During the coa
36、lescing portion of the test, the contaminating material as well as the 506 1 L of distilled water was subsequently removed during this portion of the test. Thus, the processed fuel had a higher light transmittance than thefuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference level resulting in the final rati
37、ng measuring in excess of 100.6. Interferences6.1 Any suspended particles, whether solid or water droplets or haze, in a fuel sample will interfere with this test method, whichutilizes light transmission of a fuel sample after emulsification with water and subsequent coalescence.7. Apparatus7.1 Micr
38、o-Separometer Instrument7is used to perform the test. The unit is completely portable and self-contained, capable ofoperating on an (optional) internal rechargeable battery pack or being connected to an ac power source using power cords whichare available for various voltages. Connection to an ac po
39、wer source will provide power to the unit and effect battery recharge.The power cords, test accessories and operators manual can be packed in the cover of the lockable case.NOTE 2An extensive study was performed to verify that the Mark X Micro-Separometer instrument gives equivalent results to the M
40、ark V DeluxeMicro-Separometer instrument. See Research Report RR:D02-1647.8NOTE 3The Mark X has a universal power supply and requires only one power cord as compared to the Mark V Deluxe that requires individual powercords for different voltages.7.1.1 Review the Operating Manual of the Micro-Separom
41、eter instrument that is furnished with each unit (and is also availablefrom the manufacturers website) for operating instructions. The instrument is not field repairable. Also note that this instrumentis designed to perform a number of different functions in addition to this specific test method.7.1
42、.2 The Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Mark X instruments and associated control panels are shown in Fig. 1 andFig. 2, respectively. The emulsifier is on the right side of the raised panel and the syringe drive mechanism is on the left side. Thecontrol panel containing the operating controls is
43、mounted on the fixed panel in the left side of the case. Table 1 lists the manualand audio operating characteristics of the instrument.7.1.3 All of the controls are located in a push-button array on the control panel. The push-buttons illuminate when depressedthus indicating operational status. A ci
44、rcuit breaker located on the control panel provides protection for the ac power circuit.7 The sole source of supply of the apparatus, the Model 1140 Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Mark X instruments, known to the committee at this time is EMCEEElectronics, Inc., 520 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 342
45、85, www.emcee- . If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.8 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Interna
46、tional Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1647.D7224 1337.1.3.1 The Mark X has an LCD display on the control panel that provides information to the operator during the test. Theinformation includes test status and an error code that defines a malfunction in the Mic
47、ro-Separometer instrument.7.1.4 The turbidimeter is located under the main control panel and consists of a well in which the sample vial is placed (in aspecified orientation), a light source and a photocell.7.1.5 By depressing the ON push-button, the electronic circuits are energized. The ON push-bu
48、tton pulses on and off when theinstruments are being operated by an ac source and remains constantly on when the battery (dc) pack is used. The letteredpush-buttons will sequentially illuminate indicating READY operational status.NOTE 4Of the lettered (A-G) pushbuttons on the control panel of the Ma
49、rk V Deluxe, only the A pushbutton is applicable to this test method. Ofthe lettered (Jet A Diesel) pushbuttons on the control panel of the Mark X, only the Jet A pushbutton is applicable to this test method.FIG. 1 Micro-Separometer Mark V Deluxe and Associated Control PanelFIG. 2 Micro-Separometer Mark X Instrument and Associated Control PanelTABLE 1 Manual and Audio Operating Characteristics of the Model 1140 Micro-Separometer InstrumentAvailable Test Mode(s) Function Mark V Deluxe Mark XTest ModeSelect Mo
