1、Designation: D7226 11Standard Test Method forDetermining the Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalts Using aRotational Paddle Viscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method uses a paddle rotational viscometer tomeasure the apparent viscosity of emulsified
3、asphalt withviscosities between 30 and 1500 mPas (centipoises) at 50C(122F). It is applicable to all emulsified asphalt described inSpecifications D977 and D2397.1.2 The values given in SI units are to be considered thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standa
4、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 AST
5、M Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltD7496 Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified As
6、phalt bySaybolt Furol ViscometerE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 viscosity, nratio of shear stress to shear rate.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe SI unit of viscosity is the Pascalsecond (Pas
7、). The centimetre gram second (cgs) unit ofviscosity is the poise (dynes/cm2) and is equivalent to 0.1 Pas.One centipoise (cP) is one millipascal second (mPas).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The paddle rotational viscometer for this test method isused to measure the apparent viscosity of emulsified as
8、phalt at50C (122F) between 30 and 1500 mPas (cP). A micropro-cessor circuitry system functioning in tandem with a tempera-ture probe and equipped with internal electronic sensors detectsand analyzes the preset temperature. A paddle is immersed inthe emulsified asphalt sample and is rotated at 100 RP
9、M.3Theapparent viscosity of the sample is obtained within 5 min andread from the electronic display or optional printer.5. Significance and Use5.1 The viscosity of emulsified asphalts characterizes theirflow properties and affects their utility at 50C (122F) or atother temperatures. An emulsified as
10、phalt sprayability andworkability is directly related to their viscosity for manyapplications types. The material must be thin enough to besprayed yet thick enough such that it will not flow from thecrown or grade of the road. For mixing grade emulsifiedasphalts the viscosity will affect its workabi
11、lity and resultingfilm thickness on the aggregate. This test method is useful tomeasure the apparent viscosity of emulsified asphalt at atemperature of 50C (122F) or another agreed-upon tempera-ture.4The preset temperature and rotational speed at 100 RPMallow for an automated and consistent determin
12、ation of anemulsified asphalt viscosity within a short time.6. Apparatus6.1 The paddle viscometer test system consists of a paddle,temperature probe, sample cup, the sample cup cover, a meansfor controlling the sample temperature to 50 6 0.1C (122 61This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
13、 Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 onEmulsified Asphalt Test.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originallypublished 2006 as D722606. DOI: 10.1520/D7226-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websit
14、e, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Emulsions are sensitive to RPM, therefore, the manufacturer has preset theinstrument to run at 100 RPM.4No accura
15、te predictable conversion from mPa seconds to Saybolt FurolSeconds (SFS) is available at this time. However, an empirical correlation betweenSFS and mPa seconds can be obtained by performing the respective viscositymeasurements on the appropriate equipment.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
16、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.0.18F), and readout system to display viscosity. The dimen-sions of the sample cup and paddle are shown in Figs. 1-3.6.2 ThermometerASTM No. 19F or 19C for tests at 50Cconforming to the requirements of Specification E1. Otherthe
17、rmometric devices of equal accuracy may be used. Measur-ing devices including liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermis-tors, thermocouples, or platinum resistance thermometers thatprovide equivalent accuracy and precision, that cover thetemperature range for thermometers 19C and 19F may be used.6.3 Sie
18、veAn 850-m sieve or a 20-mesh strainer of wirecloth, framed or unframed, conforming to Specification E11 isused.6.4 Oven/Water BathAn oven/water bath capable ofmaintaining the required testing temperature within the limit of+/- 3C.7. Hazards7.1 WARNING Mercury has been designated by EPA andmany stat
19、e agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data
20、 Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional infor-mation. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/ormercury containing products into your state may be prohibitedby state law.8. Procedure8.1 Obtain a representative sample of the material fortes
21、ting using standard procedures as specified in PracticeD140.8.2 Condition the sample as described in section 4 of TestMethod D7496.8.3 Turn on the viscometer power, set to 50C (122F), andattach the paddle to the viscometer. Allow the instrument towarm up for a minimum of 30 minutes.8.4 Emulsified as
22、phalts with the viscosity testing require-ments of 50C(122 6 5F) shall be heated to 50 6 3C in theoriginal sample container in a water bath or oven as describedin D7496. The container should be vented to relieve pressure.After the sample reaches 50 6 3C, stir the sample to achievehomogeneity. Ensure
23、 all cooling water is removed from theheater block of the viscometer. Pour the sample into a cleansample cup through the 850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer tothe fill line of the viscometer sample cup.8.5 Emulsified asphalts with a viscosity testing require-ments to 25C should be conditioned at 25 6 3C
24、 in theoriginal sample container to achieve homogeneity, then placethe sample into the sample cup after passing through an 850micron sieve or 20 mesh sieve.8.6 Pull the heater block forward and clear of the paddle.Place the filled sample cup into the heater block and rotate thecup to lock it in plac
25、e. Push the heater block back until it stopsbeneath the paddle.8.7 Raise the heater block to submerge the paddle into thesample. Verify that the paddle and temperature probe areFIG. 1 Paddle Dimensions, mm (in.)D7226 112totally submerged in the sample. The paddle should be free torotate. Place the s
26、ample cover over the sample cup.8.8 Verify that the temperature of the sample is a fewdegrees lower that the target temperature before beginning theautomatic test sequence then enter Run Test. The rotationalspeed is preset by the manufacturer to 100 RPM.8.9 After the test is completed, record the vi
27、scosity readingfrom the viscometer.9. Report9.1 Report the apparent viscosity in mPas to the nearest 0.1mPas from the viscometer.9.2 Report the temperature to the nearest 0.1C (0.18F).10. Precision and Bias10.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % proba
28、bility):510.1.1 Single-Operator PrecisionDuplicate results by thesame operator should not be considered suspect unless theydifer by more that the following amount:Test TemperatureC (F)ViscositymPa.sRepeatability% of the mean25 (77) 25 to 200 8.250 (122) 100 to 1000 12.910.1.2 Multilaboratory Precisi
29、onThe results submitted byeach of two laboratories should not be considered suspectunless they differ by more than the following amount:Test TemperatureC (F)ViscositymPa.sReproducibility% of the mean25 (77) 25 to 200 2250 (122) 100 to 1000 6410.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the basis ofth
30、e procedure because no material having the accepted refer-ence value is available.11. Keywords11.1 emulsified asphalt; paddle viscometer; rotational; vis-cosity5Research Report RR:D04-1037 and RR:D04-1038 presents the results of theInterlaboratory Study used to establish the precision and bias state
31、ment for ASTMD7226, Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity of Emulsified AsphaltUsing a Rotational Paddle Viscometer. The collaborative study included respec-tively 14 labs and 15 labs who used method D7226 to analyze the viscosity ofseveral types of emulsified asphalt of varying viscosi
32、ty levels, including threedifferent standards. The research report presents summary method performancestatistics as well as the measurement data used to calculate results for the study.FIG. 2 Sample Cup Dimensions, mm (in.)D7226 113FIG. 3 Paddle and Sample Cup, mm (in.)D7226 114APPENDIX(Nonmandatory
33、 Information)X1. EMULSION SUMMARY PRECISION DATAEmulsion CRS-2P CRS-2P CRS-2 HFRS-2 CMS-2s Run 1 523 537.1 869.30 798.90 377.00Run 2 517 551.4 886.40 746.10 380.70Run 3 500 891.90 392.60Average 513.33 544.25 882.53 772.50 383.43Stdev 11.93 10.11 11.79 37.34 8.15CV 2.32% 1.86% 1.34% 4.83% 2.13% 2.50%
34、Emulsion CSS-1h CRS-1h HFRS-1P HFRS-1 CRS-1Run 1 294.40 1060.00 1003.40 945.90 321.70Run 2 289.00 1105.20 980.30 1023.00 309.40Run 3 292.30 1071.50 950.30 996.50 321.00Average 291.90 1078.90 978.00 988.47 317.37Stdev 2.72 23.49 26.62 39.17 6.91CV 0.93% 2.18% 2.72% 3.96% 2.18% 2.39%Emulsion CSS-1 SS-
35、1 RS-1Run 1 54.09 82.80 36.66Run 2 55.34 80.90 38.71Run 3 56.58 80.90Average 55.34 81.53 37.69Stdev 1.25 1.10 1.45CV 2.25% 1.35% 3.85% 2.48%Single d1s% d2s%Operator 2.45% 6.87%ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item menti
36、onedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee a
37、nd must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
38、of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
39、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Perm
40、ission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Single-Operator Precision for Emulsified AsphaltsTested at 50C (122F)NOTEThe numbers represent, respectively, the (1s %) and (d2s %)limits as described in Practice C670.Material IndexCoefficientof Variation(% of Mean)Acceptable Rangeof Two Results(% of Mean)Single-operator precision:Emulsified asphaltat 50C (122F)2.45 6.87D7226 115
