1、Designation: D 7230 06Standard Guide forEvaluating Polymeric Lining Systems for Water Immersionin Coating Service Level III Safety-Related Applications onMetal Substrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide establishes procedures for evaluating liningsy
3、stem test specimens under simulated operating conditions.1.2 Lining systems to be tested in accordance with thisguide are intended for use in both new construction and forrefurbishing existing systems or components.1.3 The lining systems evaluated in accordance with thisguide are expected to be appl
4、ied to metal substrates comprisingwater-wetted (that is, continuous or intermittent immersion)surfaces in systems that may include:1.3.1 Service water piping upstream of safety-related com-ponents,1.3.2 Service water pump internals (draft tube, volutes, anddiffusers),1.3.3 Service water heat exchang
5、er channels, pass parti-tions, tubesheets, end bells, and covers,1.3.4 Service water strainers, and1.3.5 Refueling water storage tanks and refuel cavity waterstorage tanks.1.4 This guide anticipates that the lining systems to betested include liquid-grade and paste-grade polymeric materi-als. Sheet
6、type lining materials, such as rubber, are excludedfrom the scope of this guide.1.5 Because of the specialized nature of these tests and thedesire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expectedservice environment, the creation of a standard practice is notpractical. This standard gives guidan
7、ce in setting up tests andspecifies test procedures and reporting requirements that can befollowed even with differing materials, specimen preparationmethods, and test facilities.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
8、conversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pra
9、ctices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 36/A 36M Specification for Carbon Structural SteelC 868 Test Method for Chemical Resistance of ProtectiveLiningsD115 Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-nishes Use
10、d for Electrical InsulationD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD 2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings tothe Effec
11、ts of Rapid Deformation (Impact)D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD 4082 Test Method for Effects of Gamma Radiation onCoatings for Use in Light-Water Nuclear Power PlantsD 4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating andLining Work for Power Generat
12、ion FacilitiesD 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of CoatingsUsing Portable Adhesion TestersD 5139 Specification for Sample Preparation for Qualifica-tion Testing of Coatings to be Used in Nuclear PowerPlantsD 5144 Guide for Use of Protective Coating Standards inNuclear Power PlantsD 6677 Test
13、Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD 7167 Guide for Establishing Procedures to Monitor thePerformance of Safety-Related Coating Service Level IIILining Systems in an Operating Nuclear Power PlantE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterials1This guide is under the jurisdiction
14、 of ASTM Committee D33 on ProtectiveCoating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D33.02 on Service and Material Parameters.Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published July 2006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www
15、.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.G14 T
16、est Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline Coat-ings (Falling Weight Test)G42 Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of PipelineCoatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures2.2 Federal Standards3EPA Method 415.1 Total Organic Carbon in Water2.3 NACE International4RP0394 Application, Performance and Qua
17、lity Control ofPlant-Applied, Fusion Bonded External Pipe CoatingTM0174 Laboratory Methods for the Evaluation of CoatingMaterials and Lining Material on Metallic Substrates inImmersion ServiceTM0404 Offshore Platform Atmospheric and Splash ZoneNew Construction Coating System Evaluation3. Terminology
18、3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Inaddition to the following terms, general terms applicable to thisstandard are found in Terminology D 4538.3.1.1 cladding, na thick coating system comprised of aliquid-grade prime coat, a paste-grade intermediate build coat,and a liquid-grade fini
19、sh coat.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis system is typically applied as alining to heat exchanger tubesheets and as a repair material inlocalized areas of metal loss (for example, pump impellercavitation, pipe wall corrosion) to restore surface contour. Amodified (that is, thinner) cladding may be used on the
20、 warmerside of heat exchanger pass partitions to prevent “cold wall”blistering.3.1.2 Coating Service Level III (CSL III), nareas outsidethe reactor containment where lining (or coating) failure couldadversely affect the safety function of a safety-related struc-ture, system, or component (SSC).3.1.2
21、.1 DiscussionThis definition is consistent with thatfound in Guide D 5144.3.1.3 cold wall effect, npropensity for a fluid or vapor topermeate into/through a lining applied to the warmer side of asubstrate that serves as a boundary between warmer and coolerfluids.3.1.4 lining, nparticular type of coa
22、ting intended forprotection of substrates from corrosion as a result of continu-ous or intermittent fluid immersion.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe normal operating service environ-ments to which linings are subject are aggressive. As such,material and application process parameters are specialized andrequire
23、 exacting quality control measures.3.1.5 liquid-grade, adjlining material that is liquid whenmixed and applied.3.1.5.1 DiscussionLiquid-grade polymeric lining materi-als are typically used as prime and finish coats in a liningsystem.3.1.6 paste-grade, adjlining material that, when mixed,results in a
24、 paste-like material that is often applied by trowel orsqueegee.3.1.6.1 DiscussionPaste-grade polymeric lining materialsare often used as the build coat in a lining system and arealways incorporated in a cladding system. In addition toimparting thickness and impact resistance, the paste-gradebuild c
25、oat material has the ability to restore an extensivelycorroded surface to a relative smooth condition by fillingcorrosion-induced surface porosity, pits, and depressions.3.1.7 service water, nthat water used to cool power plantcomponents or extract heat from systems or components, orboth.3.1.7.1 Dis
26、cussionCooling/heat extraction is generallyaccomplished via heat exchangers, fan coolers, or chillers.Service water may be raw water or water chemically treated toretard corrosion. Service water systems are distinct and sepa-rate from the circulating water system used to extract wasteheat from the m
27、ain steam surface condenser.4. Summary of Guide4.1 The objectives of the testing set forth in this guide are toevaluate a CSL III lining systems ability to:4.1.1 Prevent corrosion and erosion of the metallic materialsof construction and4.1.2 Remain intact during design basis conditions.4.2 The Tests
28、 Outlined Comprise Two Distinct Phases:4.2.1 Phase 1Phase 1 includes two primary assessmentsand certain additional related physical testing. The Phase 1tests are considered essential to the objective of developing atest database that can be used to rank and otherwise comparecandidate-lining systems.
29、4.2.1.1 Permeability TestingDefined thicknesses of liquidand paste-grade polymeric lining materials are tested to assesstheir relative imperviousness.4.2.1.2 Test (Atlas) Cell “Conditioning” Followed by De-structive TestingTest specimens representing thinner andthicker film candidate lining systems
30、are “conditioned” byexposure to test conditions replicating water immersion envi-ronments that produce a temperature gradient across thespecimen (that is, “cold wall” conditions). Following condi-tioning, the test specimens are tested for impact resistance,flexibility, adhesion, and hardness.4.2.2 P
31、hase 2Phase 2 includes additional destructivetests. Phase 2 testing is intended to provide additional perfor-mance data that can be used to refine the lining selectionprocess. For instance, Phase 1 tests may be used to evaluate arelatively broad array of candidate materials. Once the field ofcandida
32、te systems is narrowed via Phase 1 testing, Phase 2tests can be used to fine-tune the system selection process.5. Significance and Use5.1 Safety-related service water system (SWS) componentsare designed to provide adequate cooling to equipment essen-tial to the safe operation and shutdown of the pla
33、nt. Linings inthese systems are installed to maintain the integrity of thesystem components by preventing corrosion and erosion of themetal materials of construction. Linings on SWS surfacesupstream of components, including heat exchangers, orificeplates, strainers, and valves, the detachment of whi
34、ch mayaffect safe-plant operation or shutdown, may be considered3Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, 732 N. Capitol St., N.W.,Washington, DC 20401.4Available from Available from National Association of Corrosion Engineers(NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, TX 77084-4906.D7230062sa
35、fety-related, depending on plant-specific licensing commit-ments and design bases.5.2 The testing presented in this guide is used to providereasonable assurance that the linings, when properly applied,will be suitable for the intended service by preventing corro-sion and erosion for some extended pe
36、riod of time. Addition-ally, the test data derived allows development of schedules,methods, and techniques for assessing the condition of thelining materials (see Guide D 7167). The ultimate objective ofthe testing is to avoid lining failures that could result inblockage of equipment, such as piping
37、 or heat transfer com-ponents, preventing the system or component from performingits intended safety function.5.3 It is expected that this guide will be used by:5.3.1 Lining manufacturers for comparing specific productsand systems and to establish a qualification basis for recom-mended linings and5.
38、3.2 End users seeking a consistent design basis for candi-date coating systems.5.4 In the event of conflict, users of this guide mustrecognize that the licensees plant-specific quality assuranceprogram and licensing commitments shall prevail with respectto the selection process for and qualification
39、 of CSL III liningmaterials.5.5 Operating experience has shown that the most severeoperating conditions with respect to heat exchanger liningsoccur on pass partitions. A phenomenon known as the “coldwall effect” accelerates moisture permeation through a coatingapplied to the warmer side of a partiti
40、on that separates fluids attwo different temperatures. The thickness and permeability ofthe lining are key variables affecting the ability of a lining towithstand cold wall blistering.5.5.1 This effect is particularly pronounced when the sepa-rated fluids are water, though the effect will occur when
41、 onlyair is on the other side, for example, an outdoor tank filled withwarm liquid. A heat exchanger pass partition represents geom-etry uniquely vulnerable to the water-to-water maximizedtemperature differentials (DTs) that drive the cold wall effect.5.5.2 Pass partitions separate relatively cold i
42、ncoming cool-ing water from the discharge water warmed by the heatexchangers thermal duty. Improperly designed coatings willexhibit moisture permeation to the substrate accelerated by thecold-wall effect. Many instances of premature pass partitionwarm-side blistering have been noted in the nuclear i
43、ndustry.Such degradation has also been seen on lined cover plate andchannel barrel segments that reflect water-to-air configurations.5.6 Large water-to-water DTs are known to be the mostsevere design condition. The test device used to replicate DTconfigurations is known as an “Atlas cell.” Atlas cel
44、l testing isgoverned by industry standard test methodologies (TestMethod C 868 and NACE TM0174). A lining proven suitablefor the most severe hypothesized DT would also be suitable forservice on other waterside surfaces.5.7 Plant cooling water varies in composition and tempera-ture seasonally. For pu
45、rposes of standardization, demineralizedwater is used in Atlas cell exposures rather than raw plantwater. It is generally accepted in polymeric coatings technol-ogy that low-conductivity water (deionized or demineralized)is more aggressive with respect to its ability to permeate liningsthan raw wate
46、r. Thus, stipulating use of low-conductivity wateras the test medium is considered conservative.6. Reagents6.1 Unless otherwise indicated in the project-specific testinstructions or under a particular test method described here-inafter:6.1.1 Reagent water used in conjunction with permeabilitytests a
47、nd Atlas cell exposures should have a maximum con-ductivity of 1.0 S/cm.7. Procedure7.1 The user of this guide is expected to invoke only thosetests that are applicable. Refer to Table 1. A test specificationshould be developed to indicate the particular tests to be used.The test specification shoul
48、d include details on the liningsystems to be evaluated.7.2 For plant-specific applications, design and operatingparameters will need to be reviewed. On the basis of thatreview, the site-specific design objectives for testing can bedefined. Test parameters based on water temperatures and DTsmore seve
49、re than the plant-specific normal and upset condi-tions might also be allowed. The test specimen should replicatethe anticipated plant-specific substrate condition to the extentpracticable (for example, new, corroded, etc.).7.3 Steel Test SpecimensDuplicate test specimens shouldbe provided fabricated from hot-rolled mild carbon steelconforming to Specification A 36/A 36M. Thickness and otherdimensions are stipulated for each specific test referencedherein.7.4 Product Information and CharacterizationEach batchof each component of the lining materials to be used fo
