1、Designation: D 7241 06Standard Test Method forPile Thickness of Finished Multilevel Pile Yarn FloorCovering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7241; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of pilethickness of finished multilevel pile yarn floor covering usinga thickn
3、ess measuring instrument having a stationary surface(platen), a circular pressure foot under specified force, andcapable of being moved vertically above the platen.1.2 This test method is applicable only to finished multilevelloop pile constructions.NOTE 1Determination of pile thickness of multileve
4、l pile yarn floorcoverings was previously contained within Test Method D 418. For userconvenience, Subcommittee D13.21 subdivided Test Method D 418 intoseparate standards of which this test method is one.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenth
5、eses are provided forinformation only and may be approximate.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD 5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Cover-ingsE 122 Prac
7、tice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for aCharacteristic of a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,refer to the Terminology D 5684.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: carpet,
8、cut pile yarn floor covering, finished, finished pile yarn floorcovering, floor covering, pile, pile thickness, pile yarn floorcovering, pitch, primary backing, shorn pile stubble, stubbleheight, textile floor covering, tufted fabric.3.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer toTe
9、rminology D 123.3.4 For discussion of terminology specific to this standard,see Annex A1.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The thickness and mass are measured on each selectedstrip specimen in the unsheared condition and after removingapproximately 25, 50, 75 % and all of the pile down to astubble by she
10、aring. The net pile thicknesses at the 25, 50, and75 % levels are calculated by subtracting the stubble specimenthickness from the thicknesses measured at each of the otherstages. The net pile masses are calculated by subtracting themass of the stubble specimen from the four other weighings.The 25,
11、50, and 75 % net masses are expressed as a percent ofthe net pile mass of the unsheared specimen and the 25, 50, and75 % net thicknesses are plotted against these net masspercentages.Asmooth curve is drawn through the three plottedpoints. The net pile thickness corresponding to 50 % net massis read
12、from the smooth curve and doubled to obtain theaverage pile thickness.5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of pile thickness of multilevel pileyarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control duringmanufacture of pile yarn floor covering. The appearance andperformance may be affecte
13、d by changes in pile thickness ofpile yarn floor coverings. This test method is consideredsatisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipmentsbecause current estimates of between laboratory precision areacceptable, and this test method is commonly used in the tradefor acceptance testing.5.2 I
14、f there are differences of practical significance betweenreported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-tive tests should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such comparativete
15、sts that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Yarn FloorCoverings.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006. Published March 2006.2For referenced AST
16、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
17、cken, PA 19428-2959, United States.lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probabil
18、ity level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units6.1 Sampling Units:6.1.1 Coated Floor CoveringThe basic
19、sampling unit ofcoated floor covering is a shipping roll. The number ofshipping rolls obtained from each production roll ranges fromone to over ten.6.1.2 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in PracticeE 122 when statistical knowledge of the product variability andtest method precision is availab
20、le, and a decision has beenmade on the maximum deviation that can be tolerated betweenthe estimate to be made from the sample and the result thatwould be obtained by measuring every sampling unit of the lot.Otherwise the number of sampling units in a lot sample and theuse of the test results obtaine
21、d from the individual test samplesshall be in accordance with the manufacturers quality controlprogram or with the specification agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.6.1.3 Laboratory Sampling UnitA laboratory samplingunit shall consist of a full width section of floor covering cutfrom o
22、ne end of each roll in the lot sample and shall be at least100 mm (4 in.) longer than the specimens required for the testsbeing conducted. Do not cut a laboratory sampling unit ofcoated floor covering from a seam end of a production roll.6.1.4 Test SpecimensA test specimen is a designated areacut fr
23、om a laboratory sampling unit For laboratory samplingunits 3000 mm (120 in.) wide or wider, three test specimens arerequired for a test method, one at each edge no nearer to theedge than 5 % of the total floor covering width and one in themiddle portion of the test sample. For laboratory samplinguni
24、ts at least 1500 mm (60 in.) wide but less than 3000 mm(120 in.), take two test specimens, one at each edge no nearerto the edge than 5 % of the total floor covering width. Forlaboratory sampling units less than 1500 mm (120 in.) wide,take one test specimen from the middle.6.2 Where it is known that
25、 systematic variations in a floorcovering characteristic may occur in bands 460 mm (18 in.) ormore in width, as with a modular pattern device havingseparate controls or adjustments for each module, take testspecimens from the middle of each band.6.3 When a full-width sample is not available, take sp
26、eci-mens as directed in 6.1.4, and state in the report the widthavailable and the number of test specimens taken.7. Apparatus7.1 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0.01 g.7.2 Shear or Clipper, capable of shearing close enough tothe backing so as to leave a stubble of no more than 1.3 mm(0.0
27、5 in.).7.2.1 Means for adjusting the height of the shear, such asshims or mechanical mount for a shearing head.7.3 Thickness Measuring Instrument:7.3.1 Having a stationary surface (plate) on which to placethe specimen, and a presser foot capable of being movedvertically above the plate, at least 25
28、mm (1 in.) from the plate.7.3.2 Having two interchangeable presser feet; one 25.40 60.03 mm (1.000 6 0.001 in.) diameter, the other 57.15 6 0.03mm (2.250 6 0.001 in.) in diameter.7.3.3 Having means for indicating the vertical distancebetween the presser foot and the plate to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.00
29、1 in.) and capable of developing and indicating a force upto 2.77 N (0.6 lbf) between the presser foot and the plate.7.4 Graph Paper, with 2-mm (0.1-in.) divisions.7.5 Drafting Curves, such as a set of French curves, flexiblecurve, or software capable of drawing the graph.8. Preparation of Apparatus
30、8.1 Attach the presser foot loosely to the moveable stem orhead of the instrument and bring the presser foot into firmcontact with the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem,check the instrument zero by lowering the presser foot intocontact with the plate until the indicated pressure increases
31、tothe pressure to be used in measuring the distance between thefoot and the plate. The instrument must read 0 6 0.03 mm (60.001 in.), if the reading is not within this range a adjustmentshall be made appropriate to the type of instrument being used.Verify the instrument with calibrated thickness blo
32、cks.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the laboratory sampling unit or the testspecimens in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, thatis 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, 12 h oruntil the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in2hasdirectedin Practice D 1776.10. Procedure10.1 Select the n
33、umber and location of the test specimens asdirected in Section 6. Prepare the test specimens according tothe procedure in Annex A2.10.2 The test specimens shall comprise a full pattern repeator a whole number multiple of a full pattern repeat in eachdirection but no less than 250 6 3 mm (9.9 6 0.1 i
34、n.) in thelengthwise direction by 320 6 3 mm (12.5 6 0.1 in.) in thewidthwise direction. If the pattern repeat is not known andcannot be determined readily, use 457 mm by 457 6 3mm(18.0 by 18.0 6 0.1 in) for the test specimen dimensions.10.3 Select a strip specimen from each of the test speci-mens.
35、The strip specimens shall be 250 6 3 mm (9.9 6 0.1 in.)in the lengthwise direction and 64 6 3 mm (2.5 6 0.1 in.) inthe widthwise direction and should be conditioned as directedin Section 9.10.3.1 Determine the total mass of all the strip specimens tothe nearest 0.01 g and record as Mo, where the sub
36、script zeroindicates the strip specimens are unsheared.10.4 Total Thickness:10.4.1 Attach the 57.15 mm (2.250 in.) presser foot asdirected in 8.1. For each strip specimen, raise the presser footand center the specimen, pile face up, on the plate under thefoot. Lower the presser foot slowly (take abo
37、ut5stoapply fullD7241062load) onto the pile surface until a pressure of 689 6 21 Pa(0.100 6 0.003 psi) is exerted on the specimen. Read thedistance between the presser foot and the plate to the nearest0.03 mm (0.001 in.), determine the total thickness in threedifferent areas for each strip specimen
38、and record the averageas the total thickness, To.10.5 Estimation of Shearing Levels:10.5.1 Obtain an approximate stubble specimen thicknessby shearing the pile down to a stubble measuring approxi-mately 1.3 mm (0.05 in.).10.5.2 Attach the 25.40 mm (1.000 in.) diameter presserfoot loosely to the stem
39、 and bring the presser foot into firmcontact with the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem.Check the instrument zero as directed in 8.1. Verify theinstrument with calibrated thickness blocks.10.5.3 For each stubble specimen, raise the presser foot andcenter the specimen, stubble side up, on t
40、he plate. Lower thepresser foot onto the stubble surface until a pressure of 5170 669 Pa (0.75 6 0.01 psi) is exerted on the stubble specimen.Read the distance between the presser foot and the plate to thenearest 0.03 mm (0.01 in.), determine the stubble thickness inthree different areas of the stri
41、p specimen and record theaverage as the stubble thickness h.10.5.4 Obtain an approximate total pile thickness using Eq1:Z 5 To h (1)where:Z = total pile thickness, mm (in.),To= average total thickness, mm (in.), andh = average stubble thickness, mm (in.).10.5.5 Calculate target thicknesses to the ne
42、arest 0.03 mm(0.001 in.) for removing 25, 50, and 75 % of the pile using Eq2-4:T255 0.75Z 1 H (2)T505 0.5Z 1 H (3)T755 0.25Z 1 H (4)where:T25,T50,T75= target shearing thickness for 25, 50, and75 % shearing, mm (in.),Z = total thickness, To h, mm (in.) andh = stubble thickness, approximate thicknesso
43、f backing material plus stubble, mm(in.).10.6 25 % Shearing:10.6.1 Shear each strip specimen to a thickness of approxi-mately t25. Remove all loose fibers from the specimens.10.6.2 Attach the 57.15 mm (2.250 in.) presser foot looselyto the moveable stem of the instrument and bring the presserfoot in
44、to firm contact with the plate. Tighten the presser foot onthe stem. Check the instrument zero as directed in 8.1. Verifythe instrument with calibrated thickness blocks.10.6.3 Measure the 25 % sheared strip specimen thicknessat three different locations, average the measurements for allstrip specime
45、ns and record the average as T1, to the nearest0.03 mm (0.001 in.).10.6.4 Determine the total mass of all the 25 % sheared stripspecimens and record to the nearest 0.01 g as M1.10.7 50 % Shearing:10.7.1 Shear each strip specimen to a thickness of approxi-mately t50. Remove all loose fibers from the
46、specimens.Measure the 50 % sheared strip specimen thickness at threedifferent locations, average the measurements for all stripspecimens and record the average as T2, to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.001 in.).10.7.2 Determine the total mass of all the 50 % sheared stripspecimens and record to the nearest 0.
47、01 g as M2.10.8 75 % Shearing:10.8.1 Shear each strip specimen to a thickness of approxi-mately T75. Remove all loose fibers from the specimens.Measure the 75 % sheared strip specimen thickness at threedifferent locations, average the measurements for all stripspecimens and record the average as T3,
48、 to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.01 in.).10.8.2 Determine the total mass of all the 75 % sheared stripspecimens and record to the nearest 0.01 g as M3.10.9 Stubble Shearing:10.9.1 Shear each strip specimen as close to the back aspossible (approximately 1.3 mm (0.05 in.). Remove all loosefibers from the spe
49、cimens.10.9.2 Attach the 25.40 mm (1.000 in.) diameter presserfoot loosely to the stem and bring the presser foot into firmcontact with the plate. Tighten the presser foot on the stem.Check the instrument as directed in 8.1.10.9.3 Measure the stubble specimen thickness at threedifferent locations, average the measurement for all stripspecimens and record the average as T4to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.01 in.).10.9.4 Determine the total mass of all the stubble specimensand record to the nearest 0.01 g as M4.11. Calculation or Interpretation of Results11.1 A test result is the average
