1、Designation: D7267 06 D7267 12Standard Test Method forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile, Pile YarnFloor Covering1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7267; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to ravel a straight sewn yarn from the edge
3、 of a loop pile,tufted, carpet. textile floor covering.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not p
4、urport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D7
5、6 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements
6、 on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to pile floor coverings, refer to Terminology D5684.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: carpet, constant-rate-of-extension, fi
7、nished, finished pile yarn floorcovering, floor covering, loop pile yarn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textile floor covering, tuft, tuft leg, tuftedfabric, edge ravel.3.3 For definition of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A ya
8、rn end is raveled from a straight sewn, loop pile textile floor covering using a tensile testing machine. The force requiredto pull the tufted yarn from the edge of a tufted loop pile floor covering is measured and recorded. The required load or force toremove the yarn from the specimen is calculate
9、d and defined as “edge ravel strength.” Floor covering installation expertsrecommend using a seam sealer to secure the cut edges of a textile floor covering.5. Significance and Use5.1 The satisfactory performance of a loop pile floor covering depends, to a considerable extent, on the installation an
10、dmaintenance of the product. A loop pile floor covering with inadequate edge ravel strength may result in loops pulling out fromthe backing, resulting in an aesthetically displeasing appearance. Tuft rows located at the seam of a loop pile floor covering arethe most susceptible to raveling.1 This te
11、st method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved June 1, 2006Dec. 1, 2012. Published July 2006December 2012. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20
12、06 asD726706. DOI: 10.1520/D7267-06.10.1520/D7267-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This
13、document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions
14、 as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing MachineA constant-rat
15、e-of extension (CRE) type conforming to Specification D76, a constant rate ofspeed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 6 0.5 in. /min) 12 6 0.5 in./min (300 6 10 mm/min) is required. Full-scale loads rangrange from0.545 to 4.53 kg (1 to 10 lb)1 to 10 lb (0.545 to 4.53 kg) are generally adequate. A constant rate
16、of traverse (CRT) type tensiletesting machine conforming to the Specification D76 and operated at the same speed is permitted. There may be no overallcorrelation with CRE-type and CRT-type testing machines. Consequently, the two machines cannot be used interchangeably. In thecase of controversy, the
17、 CRE-type testing machine shall prevail.6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesThe use of hydraulic or pneumatic, serrated or padded face, clamping systems with a minimumof 25 by 75 mm (1 by 3 in.)1 by 3 in. (25 by 75 mm) are recommended to reduce specimen slippage. The faces shall be paralleland have matching cen
18、ters with respect to one another (in the same clamp) and to the corresponding jaw face of the other clamp.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Lot SampleWhen performing acceptance testing for a sample lot, take at random the number of rolls or pieces of pile yarnfloor covering as directed
19、on an applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.Consider the rolls or pieces of pile yarn floor covering to be the primary sampling units. In the absence of such agreement, takeone roll or piece from the lot to be tested.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acce
20、ptance testing, take a “laboratory sampling unit” that is a minimum of 460 mm (18 in.)18 in.(460 mm) in the machine direction by full width (cross machine direction) from each roll or piece in the lot sample.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sample unit, cut three specimens with the longer dire
21、ction parallel to the machinedirection. Consider the long dimension as the direction of the test.7.4 Specimen DimensionCut the specimens to a width/ length dimension of 50 by 150 mm 6 2 mm (2 2 by 6 in. 6 0.1 in.),in. (50 by 150 mm 6 2 mm), respectively.7.5 Specimen Sampling and LabelingObtain speci
22、mens, representing a broad distribution along the length and width of eachlaboratory sample unit. Take one specimen near each edge of the sampling unit but, no nearer the edge than 5 % of the width, andtake one specimen from the center area. Ensure that specimens are free of folds, creases or wrinkl
23、es. Label to maintain specimenidentity.7.6 Preparation of SpecimensWith hemostats or like device, grasp a yarn end that is near to the edge of the specimen and thatcan be pulled the entire specimen length. Remove the entire tufted row of yarn from the specimen.7.7 With scissors or knife remove the v
24、oid backing area (created by removing the tufted row of yarn in 7.6), See Fig. 1.7.8 Grasp the yarn from the tufted row next to the area trimmed from in 7.7, and pull the yarn away from the backing fordistance of 37.5 to 50.0 mm (1.5 to 2 in.).1.5 to 2 in. (37.5 to 50.0 mm).8. Preparation of Apparat
25、us8.1 Tensile Testing MachinePrepare the machine according to the manufactures instructions and using the conditions givenin 8.1.1 and 8.1.2.8.1.1 The distance between the clamps should be 25 6 1 mm (1 6 0.05 in).1 6 0.05 in (25 6 1 mm). Select the “full scaleforce” range of the testing machine such
26、 that the maximum force occurs between 15 and 85 % of “full scale” force. Verify thetesting machine for this range.FIG. 1 Photograph of Trimming the Edge of a Pulled Tufted Row of YarnD7267 1228.1.2 Select a testing machine speed of 300 6 12 mm (12 6 0.5 in.) 12 6 0.5 in. (300 6 12 mm) /min.9. Condi
27、tioning9.1 Condition the laboratory sampling unit or the test specimens in the standard atmosphere for textile testing, 21 6 1C (706 2F) at 65 6 2 % relative humidity, 12 hours or until the mass changes no more than 0.1 % in 2 hours as directed in PracticeD1776.10. Procedure10.1 Center and secure th
28、e length of the test specimen in the lower clamps with the trimmed edge facing the top clamp, as shownin Fig. 2. Set the distance between the upper and lower clamps to 1 inch.10.2 Secure the partially raveled yarn end in the upper clamps, as shown in Fig. 2.10.3 Activate the machine to start the tes
29、t. The recording device will record the force required to ravel the loop away from thespecimen. The recording will show a series of peaks and valleys. Each peak represents the force required to ravel the yarn end fromthe edge of the carpet backing. Conduct the evaluation until there is approximately
30、 150 mm (6 in.)6 in. (150 mm) of jaw separation.Then stop the machine, remove the yarn and specimen from the clamps, and return the clamp to the starting position.11. Calculation or Interpretation of Results11.1 From the recording device, determine and document the five highest peaks for each specim
31、en of the sampling unit. Averagethe five highest peaks and record to the nearest 0.5 N (0.1 lbf).0.1 lbf (0.5 N).11.2 If the yarn breaks during testing, record the breaking strength obtained, and report that the “Test was not completed dueto yarn breakage.”11.3 Using the values from the three specim
32、ens of the sampling unit tested in 11.1; calculate the overall average edge ravel valuefor each laboratory sampling unit or lot.12. Report12.1 State that edge ravel resistance was determined as directed in Test Method D7267. Describe the material or productsampled and the method of sampling used.12.
33、2 Report the following information:12.2.1 Edge ravel resistance of each specimen and laboratory sampling unit.FIG. 2 Photograph of Edge Ravel Specimen Ready for TestingD7267 12312.2.2 If the yarn breaks before completing the test, record the maximum resistance at the break of the yarn. Note that the
34、resistance to raveling exceeds the yarns breaking strength.13. Precision and Bias13.1 An inter-laboratory study involving five laboratories and eight different loop pile tufted carpets was performed in 2004,using the procedure described in this test method. Each loop pile carpet was sampled using a
35、sidecenterside configuration. Thedata was analyzed using Practice E691. The inter-laboratory precision study is characterized by reproducibility (Sr edge ravel strength; loop pile floor covering; ravel; textile floor coveringTABLE 1 Inter-Laboratory Precision Analysis for Edge RavelResistance of Fin
36、ished Loop Pile, Pile Yarn Floor CoveringMaterials AverageResistance (lb) Sr SR R RCarpet A 1.611 0.181 0.440 0.507 1.233Carpet B 2.593 0.581 0.600 1.627 1.678Carpet D 1.013 0.360 0.360 1.009 1.009Carpet F 1.274 0.243 0.297 0.680 0.830Carpet G 3.781 0.283 0.733 0.793 2.052Carpet H 2.519 0.613 0.613
37、1.717 1.717Carpet I 2.645 0.284 0.321 0.795 0.899D7267 124ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pate
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42、 approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.TABLE 2 h Value Results Describing Between Lab Precision forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile Yarn, TuftedFloor CoveringsLaboratory Carpet SpecimenA B D F G H I1 -0.61 -0.71 0.23 -0.01 1.16 0.23 0.592 -1.23 -1.35 0
43、.24 -1.55 -0.98 -1.37 -0.353 1.02 0.47 -0.95 -0.19 -0.86 0.28 -0.734 1.02 0.47 -0.95 0.72 0.94 1.33 1.455 -0.19 1.11 1.44 1.02 -0.26 -0.47 -0.95Critical h-statistic = 1.75TABLE 3 k Value Results Describing Within Lab Precision forEdge Ravel Resistance of Finished Loop Pile Yarn, TuftedFloor CoveringsLaboratory Carpet SpecimenA B D F G H I1 1.16 0.73 1.46 0.78 0.39 0.30 0.842 1.46 0.30 0.16 0.95 0.93 0.77 1.423 0.64 1.31 1.16 1.44 0.97 1.10 0.674 0.64 1.31 1.16 0.86 1.59 0.90 1.135 0.84 0.96 0.42 0.82 0.71 1.51 0.73Critical k-statistic = 1.91D7267 125
