1、Designation: D7322/D7322M 161D7322/D7322M 17Standard Test Method forDetermination of Rolled Erosion Control Product(RECP)(ECP) Ability to Encourage Seed Germination andPlant Growth Under Bench-Scale Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7322/D7322M; the number immediately f
2、ollowing the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEThe designation was
3、 editorially corrected to match the units of measurement statement in October 2016.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers guidelines, requirements, and procedures for evaluating the effect of Rolled Erosion ControlProducts (RECPs)(ECPs) on seed germination and vegetation enhancement.1.2 This tes
4、t method will evaluate the effects of RECPs both rolled erosion control products (RECPs) and hydraulically-appliederosion control products (HECPs) on seed germination in a controlled environment.1.3 This test method utilizes bench-scale testing procedures and shall not be interpreted as indicative o
5、f field performance.1.4 This test method is not intended to replace full-scale simulation or field testing in acquisition of performance values thatare required in the design of erosion control measures utilizing RECPs.RECPs and HECPs.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are
6、to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all
7、 of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was de
8、veloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Docu
9、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for TestingD5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping PurposesD6475 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of
10、 Erosion Control BlanketsD6566 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Turf Reinforcement MatsE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D653.1 This test method is under the jurisd
11、iction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion and SedimentControl Technology.Current edition approved July 1, 2016July 15, 2017. Published July 2016August 2017. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20132016
12、as D7322 13a.161. DOI: 10.1520/D7322_D7322M-16E01.10.1520/D7322_D7322M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the
13、ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users cons
14、ult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
15、 PA 19428-2959. United States14. Summary of Test Method4.1 Containers containing soil are sown with seeds and then covered with an RECP.ECP.Additional containers of soil are sownwith seed and left uncovered as controls. The light, temperature, and humidity are maintained and documented. The amount o
16、fgermination and growth is measured periodically throughout the test, and the mass of vegetation is calculated at the conclusionof the test.4.2 Each RECPECP under consideration as well as control containers of uncovered soil undergo testing in a controlledenvironment.5. Significance and Use5.1 This
17、test method evaluates the effect of an RECPECP on seed germination and initial plant growth in a controlledenvironment.5.2 The results of this test can be used to compare RECPsECPs and other erosion control materials to determine which are themost effective at encouraging the growth of vegetation.6.
18、 Apparatus6.1 Germination ContainersPlastic pots nominally 20 6 1 cm 8 6 0.4 in. inside diameter made from plastic pipe sectioncylinders and having a height of 10 6 1 cm 4 6 0.4 in. The pots include a perforated bottom to allow drainage.6.2 Controlled Environmental ChamberPlatform and surroundings c
19、apable of maintaining a constant temperature of 2762C81 6 2F, 45 6 5 % relative humidity, and 9700 6 1100 lux 900 6 100 ft-candles, with a light source as outlined in A1.1.6.3 PhotometerInstrument capable of measuring the illumination provided by a fluorescent light source, including both thevisible
20、 and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.6.4 ThermometerCapable of measuring temperature.6.5 HygrometerCapable of measuring relative humidity.6.6 Balance, weighing device, calibrated, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0.1 g.6.7 Drying Oven, thermostatically controlled, preferably of the forced-draft type,
21、 meeting the requirements of SpecificationE145 and capable of maintaining a uniform temperature of 100 6 5C throughout the drying chamber.7. Test Seeds7.1 The test should be conducted on one seed mix of tall fescue (Pure Live Seed, PLS = 80 6 5 %). Seed shall be stored ina refrigerator.NOTE 1The tes
22、t seed listed in this test method has been successful for product comparison purposes. However, this test may be used with alternativetest seeds based on user needs. If test seeds different from those listed in this procedure are used, agreement should be established between the testinglaboratory an
23、d the user of the test.7.2 Unless otherwise requested, use ASTM topsoil. ASTM topsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.8. Sampling8.1 Perform RECPECP material sampling in accordance with Practice D4354.8.2 The laboratory RECP sample should be 1 m2 10 ft2.8.2 Cut three specimens from each RECP l
24、aboratory sample. The specimen should completely cover the soil in the germinationpots.RECPs:8.2.1 The laboratory RECP sample should be 1 m2 10 ft2.8.2.2 Cut three specimens from each RECP laboratory sample. The specimen should completely cover the soil in thegermination pots.8.3 HECPs:8.3.1 The lab
25、oratory HECP sample should be sufficiently large to provide enough slurry to satisfy 8.3.2.8.3.2 Mix an HECP slurry from each HECP laboratory sample. The amount of slurry should be sufficient to cover the soil inthe germination pots at the prescribed coverage rate.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare Germination
26、 Containers:9.1.1 Prepare three pots for each RECPECP to be tested and three control pots.9.1.2 Place the soil growing medium in each pot. The growing medium shall be topsoil conforming to Specification D5268 withan in-place moisture content and unit weight determined as follows:D7322/D7322M 1729.1.
27、2.1 Condition and place the topsoil in each pot at a moist unit weight of 13.3 6 0.8 kN/m3 85 6 5 pcf and 35 to 40 %moisture content (approximately 60 % saturation).9.1.2.2 Randomly select three 5 by 5 cm 2 by 2 in. squares from each pot. Outline or mark, or both, the selected squares ineach pot. Da
28、ta will be periodically collected from within these squares.Alternatively, the entire pot can be used for data collection.9.1.2.3 Sow each pot with 0.50 seeds per cm2 500 seeds per ft2. This is approximately 176 seeds per pot and 13 seeds perselected square. Distribute the seeds as uniformly as poss
29、ible throughout each pot.9.1.2.4 Press the seeds firmly against the soil surface, and apply a thin veneer of cover soil of no more than 3 mm 0.1 in. thickover the seeds. Compress both the seed and the topsoil using a 23 kg 50 lb circular mass having a nominal diameter equivalentto the pot inside dia
30、meter.9.1.2.5 Add sufficient water to bring the placed and compacted topsoil to approximately 100 % saturation. (Stop as soon as freewater is apparent on the surface.)9.1.2.6 Each If testing an RECP, each RECP specimen shall be weighed and measured to determine its mass per unit area inaccordance wi
31、th Test Method D6475 and Test Method D6566. Cover each of three pots with an RECP specimen. Three pots willbe left uncovered to be controls. For RECP-covered pots, place the RECP over the pot, and hold firmly in place around theperimeter of the pot.9.1.2.7 If testing an HECP, the amount of slurry to
32、 be placed on each pot shall be weighed and measured to determine its wetmass per unit area. Cover each of three pots with the HECP slurry. Three pots will be left uncovered to be controls. ForHECP-covered pots, spread the HECP uniformly over the pot.9.1.2.8 Place the pots in the controlled environm
33、ental chamber conditioned at 2762C 8162F, 4565% relative humidity,and 9700 6 1100 lux 900 6 100 ft-candles. Photoperiod should be 14 h of light per day. The test will proceed for 21 days.9.2 Test Operation, Maintenance, and Data Collection:9.2.1 Check and record temperature, relative humidity, and l
34、ight every day along the length and width of the chamber atlocations determined as follows: divide the entire illuminated area in half one way (left to right), then divide into thirds (top tobottom) and measure in the center of each section. Make any necessary adjustments. (See Fig. 1.)9.2.2 Record
35、the number of germinated seeds and the length of the plants within each designated square on days 7, 14, and 21.9.2.3 At the 7 and 14 day measurement periods, apply an additional quantity of water to each test pot equal to 12.5 mm 0.5in. over the area of the pot (410 mL for a 20-cm diameter pot / 14
36、 oz for an 8-in. diameter pot).9.2.4 At the conclusion of the 21 days, each pot is harvested by cutting the grass at the surface of the soil within each designated5 cm 2 in. square measurement zone.9.2.5 Dry the harvested seedlings in an oven at 100C 212F for 24 h.9.2.6 Make mass determinations for
37、each pot.NOTE 2The test environment used in this test method procedure has been successful for product comparison purposes. However, this test may beused with alternative test environments based on user needs. If test environments different from those listed in this procedure are used, agreement sho
38、uldbe established between the testing laboratory and the user of the test method.10. Calculation10.1 Find the total for each pot or the mean of the pre-identified squares in each pot of the number of germinated seeds andthe average height of the plants for each measuring period. Similarly, determine
39、 the biomass after 21 days. The data for each potshould be normalized to the sample roll average index mass per unit area based on the specimen-specific mass per unit area forthe pot.10.2 Average the data from 10.1 for each set of three pots, all prepared in the same manner.11. Report11.1 At a minim
40、um, report the following information:11.1.1 General information, including test facility location, date and time.11.1.2 Climate and soil pot (including soil weight and water weight added) details recorded before and during the test.11.1.3 Description of each RECP under consideration.the ECP tested a
41、nd, if an HECP, the exact water to HECP mixing ratioand field application rate used in testing.11.1.4 Soil description.11.1.5 Test seed description.11.1.6 Raw data.11.1.7 Atable containing the biomass (will only have data for the last day), seed germination, and plant height averages for eachRECP an
42、d the control for day of data collection.11.1.8 Any qualitative observations or conclusions about the performance of the RECPs.ECPs.11.1.9 Photographic documentation of each pot taken at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. All photographs shall be taken from the sameangle and distance from each pot.D7322/D7322M
43、17312. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the test method is being determined.12.2 BiasThe bias of the test method, if any, is being determined.12.3 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility of the test method is being determined.13. Keywords13.1 erosion control; germination; HECP; hydraulica
44、lly applied erosion control product; hydraulic mulch; RECP; rolled erosioncontrol productNOTE 1* Harvest the seedlings in each sample area by cutting them at the soil surface, drying them in an oven at 100C for 24 h, and weighing them.FIG. 1 Data RecordD7322/D7322M 174ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1.
45、 ANNEXA1.1 Standard ClimatesA1.1.1 Light RequirementsThe source of light will be from warm white fluorescent lights producing 9006100 ft-candles 97006 1100 lux at the soil/canopy surface. Typical warm white characteristics for a 48-in. long lamp include:Light output = 3300 lmColor Temperature = 3000
46、 KColor Rendering = 85A1.1.1.1 Photoperiod should be 14 h of light per day.A1.1.1.2 Illumination should be monitored weekly with a recording photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may benecessary.A1.1.1.3 Intensity should be determined daily with a recording photometer. Adjustments to artifi
47、cial lighting may be necessary.A1.1.2 Temperature and HumidityRecord air temperature and humidity at least daily. Air temperature and relative humidityshould be continuously monitored.Test Condition Temperature HumidityControlled 27 2C approximately 81F 45 5 % RHA1.2 Standard SoilsUnless otherwise r
48、equested, use topsoil. Topsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.A1.3 Seed CalibrationA1.3.1 Seed for the germination test shall be stored in a refrigerator.A1.3.2 The seed used in the test shall be subjected to a calibration test simultaneously with the running of the test. The calibrationtest
49、shall involve the selection of 20 seeds from the same source as those used in the germination test. The 20 seeds are placedon a saturated paper towel, sealed within a plastic transparent container, and exposed to the same temperature/lighting regimen asthe germination samples. At 7, 14, and 21 days the number of seeds to germinate shall be noted. At the end of 21 days thepercentage of seeds germinated shall be used to interpret the results of the germination test relative to previous tests. If the seedgermin
