1、Designation: D7322 13aStandard Test Method forDetermination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP)Ability to Encourage Seed Germination and Plant GrowthUnder Bench-Scale Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7322; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、 the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers guidelines, requirement
3、s, andprocedures for evaluating the effect of Rolled Erosion ControlProducts (RECPs) on seed germination and vegetation en-hancement.1.2 This test method will evaluate the effects of RECPs onseed germination in a controlled environment.1.3 This test method utilizes bench-scale testing proceduresand
4、shall not be interpreted as indicative of field performance.1.4 This test method is not intended to replace full-scalesimulation or field testing in acquisition of performance valuesthat are required in the design of erosion control measuresutilizing RECPs.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be
5、 regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil
6、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynt
7、hetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD5268 Specification for Topsoil Used for Landscaping Pur-posesD6475 Test Method for Measuring Mass Per Unit Area ofErosion Control BlanketsD6566 Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area ofTurf Reinforcement Mats3. Terminology3.1 For def
8、initions of terms used in this test method, seeTerminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Containers containing soil are sown with seeds and thencovered with an RECP. Additional containers of soil are sownwith seed and left uncovered as controls. The light,temperature, and humidity are maintained
9、 and documented.The amount of germination and growth is measured periodi-cally throughout the test, and the mass of vegetation iscalculated at the conclusion of the test.4.2 Each RECP under consideration as well as controlcontainers of uncovered soil undergo testing in a controlledenvironment.5. Sig
10、nificance and Use5.1 This test method evaluates the effect of an RECP onseed germination and initial plant growth in a controlledenvironment.5.2 The results of this test can be used to compare RECPsand other erosion control materials to determine which are themost effective at encouraging the growth
11、 of vegetation.6. Apparatus6.1 Germination ContainersPlastic pots nominally 20 6 1cm (8 6 0.4 in.) inside diameter made from plastic pipe sectioncylinders and having a height of 10 6 1cm(46 0.4 in.). Thepots include a perforated bottom to allow drainage.6.2 Temperature-, Humidity-, and Light-Control
12、ledChamberCapable of maintaining a constant temperature of27 6 2C, 45 6 5% relative humidity, and 900 6 100 ft-candles, with a light source as outlined in A1.1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on
13、Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7322 13. DOI:10.1520/D7322-13A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.3 PhotometerInstrument capable of measur
15、ing the illu-mination provided by a fluorescent light source, including boththe visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.6.4 ThermometerCapable of measuring temperature.6.5 HygrometerCapable of measuring relative humidity.7. Test Organisms7.1 The test should be conducted on one seed mix of tallfescue (
16、Pure Live Seed, PLS = 80 6 5 %). Seed shall be storedin a refrigerator.NOTE 1The test seed listed in this test method has been successful forproduct comparison purposes. However, this test may be used withalternative test organisms based on user needs. If test organisms differentfrom those listed in
17、 this procedure are used, agreement should beestablished between the testing laboratory and the user of the test.7.2 Unless otherwise requested, use ASTM topsoil. ASTMtopsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.8. Sampling8.1 Perform RECP material sampling in accordance withPractice D4354.8.2 The
18、laboratory RECP sample should be 1 m2(3.28 ft2).8.3 Cut three specimens from each RECP laboratorysample. The specimen should completely cover the soil in thegermination pots.9. Procedure9.1 Prepare Germination Containers:9.1.1 Prepare three pots for each RECP to be tested andthree control pots.9.1.2
19、 Place the soil growing medium in each pot. Thegrowing medium shall be topsoil conforming to SpecificationD5268 with an in-place moisture content and unit weightdetermined as follows:9.1.2.1 Condition and place the topsoil in each pot at a moistunit weight of 13.3 6 0.8 kN/m3(85 6 5 pcf) and 35 to 4
20、0 %moisture content (approximately 60 % saturation).9.1.2.2 Randomly select three 5 by 5 cm (2 in. by 2 in.)squares from each pot. Outline or mark, or both, the selectedsquares in each pot. Data will be periodically collected fromwithin these squares. Alternatively, the entire pot can be usedfor dat
21、a collection.9.1.2.3 Sow each pot with 0.50 seeds per cm2(500 seeds perft2). This is approximately 176 seeds per pot and 13 seeds perselected square. Distribute the seeds as uniformly as possiblethroughout each pot.9.1.2.4 Press the seeds firmly against the soil surface, andapply a thin veneer of co
22、ver soil of no more than 3 mm (0.1 in.)thick over the seeds. Compress both the seed and the topsoilusing a 50 lb circular mass having a nominal diameterequivalent to the pot inside diameter.9.1.2.5 Add sufficient water to bring the placed and com-pacted topsoil to approximately 100 % saturation. (St
23、op assoon as free water is apparent on the surface.)9.1.2.6 Each RECP specimen shall be weighed and mea-sured to determine its mass per unit area in accordance withTest Method D6475 and Test Method D6566. Cover each ofthree pots with an RECP specimen. Three pots will be leftuncovered to be controls.
24、 For RECP-covered pots, place theRECP over the pot, and hold firmly in place around theperimeter of the pot.9.1.2.7 Place the pots in the controlled environmental cham-ber conditioned at 27 6 2C, 45 6 5% relative humidity, and900 6 100 ft-candles. The test will proceed for 21 days.9.2 Test Operation
25、, Maintenance, and Data Collection:9.2.1 Check and record temperature, relative humidity, andlight every day along the length and width of the chamber atlocations determined as follows: divide the entire illuminatedarea in half one way (left to right), then divide into thirds (topto bottom) and meas
26、ure in the center of each section. Make anynecessary adjustments. (See Fig. 1.)9.2.2 Record the number of germinated seeds and the lengthof the plants within each designated square on days 7, 14, and21.9.2.3 At the 7 and 14 day measurement periods, apply anadditional quantity of water to each test p
27、ot equal to 12.5 mm(0.5 in.) over the area of the pot (410 mL for an 8-in. diameterpot).9.2.4 At the conclusion of the 21 days, each pot is harvestedby cutting the grass at the surface of the soil within eachdesignated 5 cm (2 in.) square measurement zone.9.2.5 Dry the harvested seedlings in an oven
28、 at 100C(212F) for 24 h.9.2.6 Make mass determinations for each pot.NOTE 2The test environment used in this test method procedure hasbeen successful for product comparison purposes. However, this test maybe used with alternative test environments based on user needs. If testenvironments different fr
29、om those listed in this procedure are used,agreement should be established between the testing laboratory and theuser of the test method.10. Calculation10.1 Find the total for each pot or the mean of thepre-identified squares in each pot of the number of germinatedseeds and the average height of the
30、 plants for each measuringperiod. Similarly, determine the biomass after 21 days. Thedata for each pot should be normalized to the sample rollaverage index mass per unit area based on the specimen-specific mass per unit area for the pot.10.2 Average the data from 10.1 for each set of three pots,all
31、prepared in the same manner.11. Report11.1 At a minimum, report the following information:11.1.1 General information, including test facility location,date and time.11.1.2 Climate and soil pot (including soil weight and waterweight added) details recorded before and during the test.11.1.3 Descriptio
32、n of each RECP under consideration.11.1.4 Soil description.11.1.5 Test seed description.11.1.6 Raw data.11.1.7 A table containing the biomass (will only have datafor the last day), seed germination, and plant height averagesfor each RECP and the control for day of data collection.D7322 13a211.1.8 An
33、y qualitative observations or conclusions aboutthe performance of the RECPs.11.1.9 Photographic documentation of each pot taken atdays 0, 7, 14, and 21. All photographs shall be taken from thesame angle and distance from each pot.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of the test method i
34、s beingdetermined.12.2 BiasThe bias of the test method, if any, is beingdetermined.12.3 ReproducibilityThe reproducibility of the testmethod is being determined.13. Keywords13.1 erosion control; germination; RECP; rolled erosioncontrol productANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. ANNEXA1.1 Standard Climat
35、esA1.1.1 Light RequirementsThe source of light will befrom warm white fluorescent lights producing 900 6 100ft-candles at the soil/canopy surface. Typical warm whitecharacteristics for a 48-in. long lamp include:Light output = 3300 lmColor Temperature = 3000 KColor Rendering = 85A1.1.1.1 Photoperiod
36、 should be at least 14 h of light perday.A1.1.1.2 Illumination should be monitored weekly with arecording photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may benecessary.A1.1.1.3 Intensity should be determined daily with a record-ing photometer. Adjustments to artificial lighting may benecessary.NOTE
37、 1* Harvest the seedlings in each sample area by cutting them at the soil surface, drying them in an oven at 100C for 24 h, and weighing them.FIG. 1 Data RecordD7322 13a3A1.1.2 Temperature and HumidityRecord air temperatureand humidity at least daily. Air temperature and relativehumidity should be c
38、ontinuously monitored.Test Condition Temperature HumidityControlled 27 2C (approximately 81F) 45 5 % RHA1.2 Standard SoilsUnless otherwise requested, use top-soil. Topsoil shall comply with Specification D5268.A1.3 Seed CalibrationA1.3.1 Seed for the germination test shall be stored in arefrigerator
39、.A1.3.2 The seed used in the test shall be subjected to acalibration test simultaneously with the running of the test. Thecalibration test shall involve the selection of 20 seeds from thesame source as those used in the germination test. The 20 seedsare placed on a saturated paper towel, sealed with
40、in a plastictransparent container, and exposed to the same temperature/lighting regimen as the germination samples. At 7, 14, and 21days the number of seeds to germinate shall be noted. At theend of 21 days the percentage of seeds germinated shall beused to interpret the results of the germination t
41、est relative toprevious tests. If the seed germination rate from the calibrationtests drops below 80 %, new seed should be obtained.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard
42、 are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif n
43、ot revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which
44、 you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Uni
45、ted States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D7322 13a4
