1、Designation: D 7330 071Standard Test Method forAssessment of Surface Appearance Change in Pile FloorCoverings Using Standard Reference Scales1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded research report footnote to Section 12 editorially in June 2009.1. Scope1.1 This test me
3、thod covers the assessment of changes ofsurface appearance of pile floor coverings after exposure toactual or simulated foot traffic. This test method applies to pileyarn floor coverings that are, or have been, installed; laboratoryfloor-trafficked samples; or textiles floor coverings traffickedby m
4、echanical traffic simulators. The subjective assessment isfacilitated by use of reference scales that are based on digitalimages of representative pile yarn floor covering styles andconstructions.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use
5、. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 5251 Practice for the Operation of t
6、he Tetrapod WalkerDrum TesterD 5252 Practice for the Operation of the Hexapod TumbleDrum TesterD 5417 Practice for Operation of the Vettermann DrumTesterD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD6119 Practice for Creating Surface Appearance Changesin Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot Traf
7、ficD 6962 Practice for Operation of a Roller Chair Tester forPile Yarn Floor CoveringsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,refer to the Terminology D 5684.3.2 The f
8、ollowing terms are relevant to this standard: carpet,crushing cut pile yarn floor covering, finished, finished pileyarn floor covering, loss of tuft definition, matting, pile, pileyarn floor covering, textile floor covering.3.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer toTerminology
9、D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The floor covering shall be tested in a mechanical wearsimulator or tested under controlled laboratory foot traffic testsreferenced in Practices D 5251, D 5252, D 5417, D6119, andD 6962. The tested floor covering shall then be assessed forsurface appearance change
10、by comparing unexposed controlsto the exposed sample by using the appropriate AppearanceChange Grading Scale.5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of surface appearance change in pileyarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control duringmanufacture of pile yarn floor covering. This
11、test method isconsidered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercialshipments because current estimates of between laboratoryprecision are acceptable, and this test method is commonlyused in trade for acceptance testing.5.2 If there are differences of practical significance betweenreported tes
12、t results for two laboratories ( or more), compara-tive test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such comparativetests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the samelot of mat
13、erial as the samples that resulted is desparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved Ma
14、y 1, 2007. Published June 2007.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,
15、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved shall be compared using a statistical test for unpaireddata, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If abias is found either its ca
16、use must be found and corrected, orfuture test results for that material must be adjusted inconsideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 CRI reference Scales3 A series of imaged standardscontaining a progressive amount of surface appearance changeranging from 5.0 (no change) to 1.0 (severe change
17、). Table 1lists the pile floor covering appearance change scales currentlyavailable6.2 Illumination system for assessment Either portable offixed lighting may be used which provides for 1500 lux 6 100lux (150 lumens per square foot) at the surface of the testspecimen with the predominance of the lig
18、ht from directlyabove. Either North Sky Light or Cool White Fluorescent issatisfactory.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Test specimens consist of previously esposed specimenstested in accordance to the appropriate test method and anunexposed 9control9 specimen.8. Conditioning8.1 All sp
19、ecimens shall be allowed to recover at ambientroom conditions, undisturbed, for a minimum of 16 hours priorto grading. The specimens shall not be stacked on top of eachother.9. Procedure9.1 Place unexposed and exposed specimens under andperpendicular to the specified lighting such that the unexposed
20、specimen is adjacent to the exposed portion of the exposedspecimen. The specimens shall be lain laid in a manner as toorient the pile directions in the same direction.9.2 Select the appropriate reference scale, which mostresembles the construction of the pile yarn floor covering beingassessed9.3 Obs
21、erving features such as crushing, loss of tuft defini-tion, and matting, choose the reference scale grade, which mostnearly resembles the degree of surface appearance changebetween the exposed and unexposed specimens.9.4 Aminimumof three assessors shall grade the specimens.The assessors shall each o
22、bserve the specimens from a distanceof 0.5-1.- m (approximately 1.5 ft. - 3.0 ft.) at a 45-90 anglefrom the specimen. Assessors shall observe specimens fromvarious directions and rate the highest degree of surfacechange.9.5 Each assessor shall grade each specimen independentlyof the other assessors.
23、10. Calculation or Interpretation of Results10.1 If specimens are trafficked in machine and crossdirection, average the ratings for each direction to the nearest0.1 unit and then average all ratings together to the nearest 0.1unit.10.2 If specimens are trafficked in machine and crossdirection, avera
24、ge the ratings for each direction to the nearest0.1 unit and then average all ratings together to the nearest 0.1unit.11. Report11.1 The average value for surface appearance change.11.2 Any observation variables that occur on the specimenface that affects the rating.11.3 The type of test employed to
25、 expose the specimen. , theapplicable units of time or other units used to measureexposure.11.4 Detail any deviations from the test method.12. Precision and Bias312.1 An interlaboratory study was conducted in 1999 inwhich randomly drawn samples of three materials were evalu-ated for surface appearan
26、ce change by six laboratories. Eachlaboratory used three operators, each of whom evaluated onespecimen from each material using Test Method D 7330 A:White Nylon Cut Pile Material B: Gray Nylon Cut PileMaterial C Berber Olefin Loop.12.2 The precision was characterized byASTM E11 Qualityand Statistica
27、l Committee, Practice E 691. The data from eachoperator was calculated individually and not as averages. Thisstudy should be considered a preliminary evaluation, a moreextensive study is currently planned.12.3 Requirements for determining precision of TestMethod D 7330 Carefully examine the data for
28、 cases having nodata for a particular material within a lab. Unbalanced studiescant be properly calculated by this program, (All labs nothaving the same number of materials). The number of labora-tories, materials, or determinations in this study Does Not meetthe minimum requirements for determining
29、 precision pre-scribed in E 691. See Table 2.12.4 PrecisionCharacterized by repeatability, Sr,r,andreproducibility, SR, R has been determined for the for thefollowing materials to be: See Table 3.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Res
30、earch Report RR: D131121.TABLE 1 Pile Floor Covering Appearance Change ScalesCurrently AvailableScale DescriptionCRI-1 Saxony Cut PileCRI-2 Berber, Loop PileCRI-3 Commercial Loop Pile, Low ProfileCRI-4 Cut Pile Commercial PlushCRI-5 Cut Pile ShagCRI-6 Tip Sheared Cut and Loop Pile With PatternTABLE
31、2 Study ParametersThis Study Practice E 691 MinimumLaboratories 6 6Materials 3 4Determinations 3 2D7330071212.5 BiasThe value of theAssessment of SurfaceAppear-ance Change of Pile Floor Covering can only be defined interms of a test method. Within this limitation, Test MethodD 7330 has no known bias
32、.13. Keywords13.1 carpet; crushing; change in surface appearance; fin-ished pile yarn floor covering; floor covering; loop pile yarnfloor covering; matting; pile; pile yarn floor covering; textilefloor coveringASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted
33、 in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the
34、 responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive c
35、areful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internati
36、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 3 Precision Statement for Surface Appearance ChangeMaterials Average SrSRrRA 4.03 0.35 0.35 0.99 0.99B 2.69 0.29 0.40 0.81 1.12C 2.92 0.24 0.26 0.66 0.73D73300713
