1、Designation: D7330 11Standard Test Method forAssessment of Surface Appearance Change in Pile FloorCoverings Using Standard Reference Scales1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7330; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the assessment of changes ofsurface appearance of pile floor cover
3、ings after exposure toactual or simulated foot traffic. This test method applies to pileyarn floor coverings that are, or have been, installed; laboratoryfloor-trafficked samples; or textiles floor coverings traffickedby mechanical traffic simulators. The subjective assessment isfacilitated by use o
4、f reference scales that are based on digitalimages of representative pile yarn floor covering styles andconstructions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onl
5、yand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
6、ions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD5252 Practice for the Operation of the Hexapod TumbleDrum TesterD5417 Practice for Operation of the Vettermann DrumTesterD5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor CoveringsD6119 Practice for Creating Su
7、rface Appearance Changesin Pile Yarn Floor Covering from Foot TrafficD6962 Practice for Operation of a Roller Chair Tester forPile Yarn Floor CoveringsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precis
8、ion of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to Pile Floor Coverings,refer to the Terminology D5684.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard: carpet,crushing cut pile yarn floor covering, finished, finished pileyarn floor covering, loss of tuft definition, mat
9、ting, pile, pileyarn floor covering, textile floor covering.3.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The floor covering shall be tested in a mechanical wearsimulator or tested under controlled laboratory foot traffic testsreference
10、d in Practices D5252, D5417, D6119, and D6962. Thetested floor covering shall then be assessed for surface appear-ance change by comparing unexposed controls to the exposedsample by using the appropriate Appearance Change GradingScale.5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of surface appearanc
11、e change in pileyarn floor covering is useful in quality and cost control duringmanufacture of pile yarn floor covering. This test method isconsidered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercialshipments because current estimates of between laboratoryprecision are acceptable, and this test met
12、hod is commonlyused in trade for acceptance testing.5.2 If there are differences of practical significance betweenreported test results for two laboratories ( or more), compara-tive test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-ta
13、nce. As a minimum, use the samples for such comparativetests that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted is desparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
14、involved shall be compared using a statistical test for unpaired1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyappr
15、oved in 2007 as D7330-07. Last previous edition published in 2007 asD7330-071. DOI: 10.1520/D7330-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards D
16、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If abias is found either its cause must be found and corrected, orfuture test resul
17、ts for that material must be adjusted inconsideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 CRI reference Scales A series of imaged standardscontaining a progressive amount of surface appearance changeranging from 5.0 (no change) to 1.0 (severe change).6.2 Illumination system for assessment Either porta
18、ble offixed lighting may be used which provides for 150 lumens persquare foot (1500 6 100 lux) at the surface of the test specimenwith the predominance of the light from directly above. EitherNorth Sky Light or Cool White Fluorescent is satisfactory.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Tes
19、t specimens consist of previously exposed specimenstested in accordance to the appropriate test method and anunexposed 9control9 specimen.8. Conditioning8.1 All specimens shall be allowed to recover at ambientroom conditions, undisturbed, for a minimum of 16 hours priorto grading. The specimens shal
20、l not be stacked on top of eachother.9. Procedure9.1 Place unexposed and exposed specimens under andperpendicular to the specified lighting such that the unexposedspecimen is adjacent to the exposed portion of the exposedspecimen. The specimens shall be laid in a manner as to orientthe pile directio
21、ns in the same direction.9.2 Select the appropriate reference scale, which mostresembles the construction of the pile yarn floor covering beingassessed9.3 Observing features such as crushing, loss of tuft defini-tion, and matting, choose the reference scale grade, which mostnearly resembles the degr
22、ee of surface appearance changebetween the exposed and unexposed specimens.9.4 Aminimumof three assessors shall grade the specimens.The assessors shall each observe the specimens from a distanceof approximately 1.5 - 3.0 ft. (0.5-1m)ata45-90anglefrom the specimen. Assessors shall observe specimens f
23、romvarious directions and rate the highest degree of surfacechange.9.5 Each assessor shall grade each specimen independentlyof the other assessors.10. Calculation or Interpretation of Results10.1 If specimens are trafficked in machine and crossdirection, average the ratings for each direction to the
24、 nearest0.1 unit and then average all ratings together to the nearest 0.5unit.11. Report11.1 The average value for surface appearance change.11.2 Any observation variables that occur on the specimenface that affects the rating.11.3 The type of test employed to expose the specimen. , theapplicable un
25、its of time or other units used to measureexposure.11.4 Detail any deviations from the test method.12. Precision and Bias312.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study of D7330, Standard Test Method forAssessment of Surface Appearance Change in Pile FloorCoverings Using
26、Standard Reference Scales, conducted in2010. Eight laboratories tested a total of seven different floorcovering materials for surface appearance change. Every “testresult” represents an average of three individual rating deter-minations (rounded to the nearest 0.5). All laboratories wereasked to sub
27、mit three replicate test results (reported by threedifferent assessors) for each material tested. Practice E691 wasfollowed for the overall design and analysis of the data; thedetails will be available in an ASTM Research Report.312.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one labo
28、ratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.12.1.1.1
29、Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1-3.12.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the critical3Supporting data will be filed at ASTM International Headquarters.TABL
30、E 1 Heavy Trafficked Carpets Rated with Digital Scales Ranging 1-5 Graduated in 0.5 StepsMaterial AverageA(rounded to the nearest 0.5)xRepeatabilityStandardDeviation,SrReproducibilityStandardDeviation,SRRepeatabilityLmitrReproducibilityLimitRCRI 1 3.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9CRI 2 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8CRI 3 3.
31、0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9CRI 4 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9CRI 5 3.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.1CRI 6 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.1CRI 7 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8AThe average of laboratories calculated averages, which have been rounded to the nearest 0.5 rating.D7330 112difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by diff
32、erent operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.12.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 1-3.12.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.12.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 12.1.1and 12.1.
33、2 would have an approximate 95 % probability ofbeing correct.12.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.13. Keywords13.1 carpet; crushing; change in surface appearance;
34、 fin-ished pile yarn floor covering; floor covering; loop pile yarnfloor covering; matting; pile; pile yarn floor covering; textilefloor coveringASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of
35、this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five
36、years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical com
37、mittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
38、9428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the
39、standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Moderate Trafficked Carpets Rated with Digital Scales Ranging 1-5 Graduated in 0.5 StepsMaterial AverageA(rounded to the nearest 0.5)xRepeatabilityStandardDeviation,SrReproducibilityStandardDeviation,SRRepeatability
40、LmitrReproducibilityLimitRCRI 1 4.0 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0CRI 2 3.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.9CRI 3 3.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.0CRI 4 2.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.3CRI 5 4.0 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.2CRI 6 2.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.1CRI 7 3.5 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.1AThe average of laboratories calculated averages, which have been rounded to the nearest 0.5 rating
41、.TABLE 3 Lightly Trafficked Carpets Rated with Digital Scales Ranging 1-5 Graduated in 0.5 StepsMaterial AverageA(rounded to the nearest 0.5)xRepeatabilityStandardDeviation,SrReproducibilityStandardDeviation,SRRepeatabilityLmitrReproducibilityLimitRCRI 1 4.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6CRI 2 3.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.1CRI 3 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.9CRI 4 3.0 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.2CRI 5 4.0 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.1CRI 6 4.0 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9CRI 7 3.5 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1AThe average of laboratories calculated averages, which have been rounded to the nearest 0.5 rating.D7330 113
