1、Designation: D7339 12D7339 18Standard Test Method forDetermination of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted fromCarpet using a Specific Sorbent Tube and ThermalDesorption / Gas Chromatography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7339; the number immediately following the designation ind
2、icates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes an analytical
3、procedure for identifying and quantifying the masses of individual volatile organiccompounds (individual VOCs or IVOCs) that are emitted into a flow of air from carpet specimens and collected on sorbentsampling tubes during emissions testing.1.2 This test method will be used in conjunction with a st
4、andard practice for sampling and preparing carpet specimens foremissions testing. If a specific chamber practice is not available for the carpet specimens, this standard test method should be usedin conjunction with approved standard practices for emissions testing and sample preparation.1.3 When us
5、ed in conjunction with standard practices for carpet specimen preparation and collection of vapor-phase emissions, this test method will provide a standardized means of determining the levels of IVOC in the exhaust stream of the emissions testchamber/cell. If this test method is used with a reliable
6、 practice for emissions testing, these IVOC levels can be used to determinethe emission rate from a unit quantity (usually surface area) of the sample material under test.1.4 VOCs in the exhaust stream of an emissions test device are collected on thermal desorption tubes packed with a specificcombin
7、ation of sorbents using active (pumped) sampling. (See Practice D6196 for a more general description of vapor collectionusing pumped sampling onto sorbent tubes).tubes.)The samples are analyzed by thermal desorption (TD) with gas chromatographyand mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS) and/or flame ion
8、ization detection (FID) depending upon the requirements of the specificmaterials emissions testing/certification protocol.1.5 This test method can be used for the measurement of most GC-compatible organic vapors ranging from the approximatevolatility from n-hexane to n-hexadecane (that is, compounds
9、 with vapor pressures ranging from 16 kPa to 4 10-4 kPa at 25C).Properties other than a compounds vapor pressure such as affinity for the sorbent may need to be taken into account. Compoundswith vapor pressures outside this range may or may not be quantifiable by this test method. However, qualitati
10、ve data concerningthe identity of a compound(s), outside the stated volatility range for quantitation, may still be useful to the user. The This testmethod can be applied to analytes over a wide concentration rangetypically 1 g/m3 to 1 mg/m3 concentration of vapor in theexhaust air from the emission
11、 cell or chamber.1.6 This test method is not capable of quantifying all compounds which are emitted from carpets. See the appropriate testpractices/methods for determining other compounds that are not amenable to analysis by gas chromatography (that is, Test MethodD5197 for the determination of alde
12、hydes).1.7 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to
13、establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on
14、 Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
15、D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2012March 1, 2018. Published November 2012March 2018. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072012as D7339 07. DOI:10.1520/D7339-12.12. DOI:10.1520/D7339-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to
16、 provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof
17、 the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
18、D3686 Practice for SamplingAtmospheres to Collect Organic Compound Vapors (Activated Charcoal TubeAdsorption Method)D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD5197 Test Method for Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Carbon
19、yl Compounds inAir (Active Sampler Methodology)D5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sampling PumpsD6196 Practice for Choosing Sorbents, Sampling Parameters and Thermal Desorption Analytical Conditions for MonitoringVolatile Organic Chemicals in AirD6670 Practice for Full-Scale Chamber
20、 Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD7143 Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ProductsD7706 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale ChambersE355 Practice for
21、 Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 10580 Resilient, textile and laminate floor coveringsTest method for volatile organic compound (VOC) emissionsISO 16000-6 Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber air by active sampling on Tenax TAsorbent
22、, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS/FIDISO 16000-9 Indoor AirPart 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products andfurnishingsEmission test chamber methodISO 16000-10 Indoor AirPart 10: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compoun
23、ds from building products andfurnishingsEmission test cell methodISO 16000-11 Indoor AirPart 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products andfurnishingsSampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens2.3 US EPA Methods:4TO-15 Determination of V
24、olatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air Collected in Specially-Prepared Canisters and Analyzedby Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)TO-17 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology D135
25、6 and Practice E355 for definitions of terms used in this test method.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of the VOCs emitted from a carpet specimen is collected following the preparation and collection guidelinesprovided in ISO 10580 or the appropriate chamber/emission cell practices/guides. See,
26、 for example, Guide D5116 (small chamber),Practice D6670 (full-scale chamber), Practice D7706 (micro-scale chamber), Practice D7143 (emission cells), ISO 16000-9 (smallchambers), ISO 16000-10 (emission cells), and ISO 16000-11 (sample preparation).4.2 Organic vapors in the exhaust stream of an emiss
27、ion test chamber or cell are pumped onto standard thermal desorption tubes(see Practice D6196) containing 200 mg of a polyphenylene oxide resin-based (PPOR-B) sorbent W-PP (weak porous polymersorbent) with a short bed (1-2(12 mm) of quartz wool, a glass frit, or stainless steel screen (singly or com
28、bined) at each end ofthe 200 mg of PPOR-BW-PP sorbent. The pump flow rate and sampling time must be controlled (see Practice D6196). Thesorbent tubes are then thermally desorbed, in a reverse flow of carrier gas, using an appropriate two-stage desorption apparatus,(Seeapparatus (see Practice D6196),
29、 such that volatile organic compounds are transferred (injected) efficiently into the capillaryGC column for analysis.4.3 GC-compatible organic compounds which are retained by the PPOR-BW-PPsorbent or quartz/PPOR-Bquartz/W-PPsorbenttube during vapor collection and which elute between n-C6 and n-C16
30、on a 100 %, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fused silicacapillary column are identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (see Section 11). Selective ionmonitoring, ion extraction or spectral de-convolution shall be used to quantify specific volatile organic compounds. Individualcom
31、ponents of interest are quantified using authentic standards of that particular compound. Other compounds are quantified usingtoluene as the surrogate standard reference material (see 11.7.2).NOTE 1The procedure is similar to that outlined in ISO 16000-6.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM
32、 website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 100
33、36, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Found in “Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air,” 2nd Ed., 1999, US. Environmental ProtectionAgency/625/R-96/010b. Available from United States Environmental Protection Association (EPA), Ariel Rios Agency (EPA), William Jeffer
34、son Clinton Bldg., 1200Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.D7339 1825. Significance and Use5.1 Manufacturers of carpet need to monitor emissions of VOCs to assess the environmental impact of their products indoors.These results are also used to demonstrate compliance with
35、VOC emission limits for individual VOCs.5.2 These data are also used to understand which VOCs are emitted from a product or material and to measure the magnitudeof those emissions.5.3 Emission data may be used to compare different lots of carpet of the same materials of construction, or carpets comp
36、osedof different materials of construction, in order to develop products with lower emissions and lower potential environmental impact.5.4 This test method should be used in conjunction with practices/guidelines for emissions testing such as Guide D5116,Practice D7143, Practice D7706, ISO 16000-9, a
37、nd ISO 16000-10. These detail how to select and prepare samples and how andwhen to carry out emissions tests such that the concentration and profile of vapors in the exhaust air of the emission chamber/cellare representative of the product under test. This standardtest method covers the sampling and
38、 analysis of volatile organiccompounds in the exhaust gas from the chamber/cell using thermal desorptioncompatible sorbent tubes and will provide thenecessary analytical consistency to ensure that reproducible data is obtained for the analysis of identical vapor samples by differentlaboratories.6. I
39、nterferences6.1 Organic compounds that have the same or nearly the same retention times as the analyte of interest can interfere during gaschromatographic analysis. High resolution capillary columns are required to minimize these issues. Artifacts can be generatedduring sampling and analysis. Interf
40、erences can be minimized by proper selection of gas chromatographic columns and conditions,and by stringent conditioning of both the sorbent tubes and the analytical system before use. Artifacts may be formed duringstorage of blank sorbent tubes. This is minimized by correctly sealing and storing bl
41、ank and sampled tubes (see 7.3 and 10.1). Theeffectiveness of these methods for controlling the potential interferences can be demonstrated by proper quality assuranceprocedures including the use of blanks and spiked sampling tubes.NOTE 2Note that The inherent artifact levels will vary from sorbent
42、to sorbent but are generally at sub-nanogram levels for quartz wool, PPOR-Band for carbon-black W-PP and for MS-GCB (medium to strong graphitized carbon black) type sorbent (see Practice D6196).6.2 Compounds of interest that co-elute chromatographically, are not distinguishable when using an FID. Id
43、entification andquantification shall be done using a mass spectrometer in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, or in SCAN mode incombination with post-run processing using spectral deconvolution, or ion extraction, or both.6.3 Even if mass spectroscopy is employed, it may not be possible to uniqu
44、ely identify individual compounds when similarcompounds co-elute exactly (co-maximize) under the analytical conditions selected.6.4 The This test method is suitable for sampling and analyzing vapor samples ranging up to 95 % relative humidity for allhydrophobic sorbents such as quartz wool, PPOR-B a
45、nd graphitized carbon blacks. W-PP and MS-GCB. When less hydrophobic,strong sorbents such as carbonized CMS (carbonized molecular sievessieves) are used in a secondary (back-up) tube,tube (see Note3 and Note 87), care mustshould be taken to reduce the mass of water retained from humid samples (see P
46、ractice D6196).7. Apparatus7.1 Sorbent Tubes for Pumped SamplingSample tubes (see Practice D6196) packed with 200 mg of PPOR-BW-PP sorbentor with a combination of 1 or 2 mm of loosely packed quartz wool, glass frit, or stainless steel screens bracketing 200 mg ofPPOR-BW-PP sorbent should be used for
47、 collection of the volatile organic vapors in the exhaust gas from the emissionchamber/cell. Analyses of glass or stainless steel spiked tubes indicates that similar results are obtained using either glass wool,or stainless steel frits, as long as the sorbent is in the heated zone of the thermal des
48、orber (see 12.2).NOTE 3Note that The use of a secondary back-up tube can serve as a useful check on the breakthrough volume of the primary PPOR-BW-PP orquartz/PPOR-Bquartz/W-PP tubes. Breakthrough should be determined using two sorbent tubes containing the same sorbent and placed in series. Tubeperf
49、ormance should be addressed by individual laboratory QC programs, see EPA Method TO-17 for guidance.7.2 Sorbent Tube End Caps for Long-termLong-Term StorageBlank and sampled tubes should be sealed with metal screw-capfittings with combined (one-piece) PTFE ferrules for storage and transportation. If alternate fittings are used, the laboratory shoulddetermine that they meet storage and transportation stability requirements.NOTE 4As a quick test that long term storage caps have been fitted correctly, check the length of the capped tube to make sure the
