1、Designation: D7342 07D7342 15Standard Test Method forShear Prolonged Worked Stability of Lubricating Grease inPresence of Water (Water Stability Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7342; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method covers two proceduresa procedure for determining the sh
3、ear stability of lubricating grease in the presenceof water (wet shear stability) by a full scale grease worker or a roll stability test apparatus. Both procedures can be used todetermine the relative wet shear stability of greases, but the results between procedures are not directly comparable. wor
4、ker. Thistest method is also known as the water stability test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
5、s the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating GreaseD1403D1193 Test Methods f
6、or Cone Penetration of Lubricating Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale ConeEquipmentSpecification for Reagent WaterD1831D4057 Test Method for Roll Stability of Lubricating GreasePractice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and PetroleumProductsD1193D4175 Specification for Reagent WaterTerminolo
7、gy Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 consistency, nof lubricating grease, degree of resistance to movement under stress.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe term consistency is used somewhat synonymously with penetration. Generally, consistency refers to t
8、he worked penetrationof a grease. D2173.1.2 lubricating grease, nsemi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and otherphysical force
9、s. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties. D2173.1.3 penetration, nof lubricating grease, depth that the standard cone, when released to fall under its own weight for 5 s, 5 s,enters the sample. D2171 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on P
10、etroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.G0.07 on Research Techniques.Current edition approved May 1, 2007Dec. 1, 2015. Published May 2007February 2016. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asD7342 07.
11、 DOI: 10.1520/D7342-07.10.1520/D7342-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not
12、an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate.
13、 In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.
14、4 thickener, nin lubricating grease, substance composed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant to formthe products structure.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickener) which areinsolubl
15、e or, at most, only very slightly soluble in liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles to berelatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D2173.1.5 wet shear stability, nof lubricating grease, change in consistency of a mixture of sample and small amo
16、unt of water aftera specified amount of working in a grease worker or a roll stability test apparatus.worker.3.1.6 worked penetration, nof lubricating grease, the penetration at 25C,25 C, without delay, of a sample after 60 doublestrokes in a standard grease worker. D2173.1.7 working, nof lubricatin
17、g grease, subjection of a sample to the shearing action of the standard grease worker. D2174. Summary of Test Method4.1 Agrease sample mixed with a small amount of water is subjected to low shear at 2020 C to 35C35 C for a specified timeor strokes in a standard grease worker (Procedure A) or a roll
18、stability apparatus (Procedure B). worker. The difference betweenthe cone penetration before working and the cone penetration after is used as a measure of the wet shear stability of the grease.5. Significance and Use5.1 It is known that contamination by water can affect the shear stability of some
19、greases in service. Both test proceduresspecified in this method areThis test method is widely used to determine the wet shear stability of greases in service. Many greasespecifications require these procedures as a wet shear stability test. No accurate correlation is established between the test re
20、sultsand wet shear stability of grease in actual service.6. Apparatus6.1 Motorized Grease Worker, as specified in Test Methods D217.6.2 Roll Stability Test Apparatus, as specified in Test Method D1831.6.2 Penetrometer, as specified in Test Methods D217.6.4 One-Quarter or One-Half Scale Cone and Shaf
21、t with Worker, as described in Test Methods D1403.6.3 Electric Kitchen-type mixer, Low speed of 500 500 rrpm.min.6.4 Suitable Mixing Bowl.6.5 Spatula.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Appropriate Volatile Gum-free Solvent, for example, mineral spirit solvent.7.2 Cloth or Paper Wiper, for wiping grease fr
22、om the penetrometer cone. The wiper should be soft, so as not to scratch thesurface of the cone.7.3 Distilled Water, Specification D1193, Type II minimum purity.8. ProcedureProcedure AWet Prolonged Worked Test8.1 Measure the worked penetration for the grease to be tested according to Test Methods D2
23、17.8.2 For each determination, prepare a homogeneous mixture of grease and water by placing 450450 g 6 1 g 1 g of grease and5050 g 6 1 g 1 g of distilled water in a suitable mixing bowl using an electric kitchen-type mixer or mixing by hand in a suitablecontainer.8.2.1 Gradually add the calculated a
24、mount of distilled water to the grease in the bowl.8.2.2 Mix the contents for 44 min 6 1 min. 1 min. A spatula may be used to channel the constituents to the mixer.8.2.3 The objective of foregoing sections is to produce a mixture of nine parts of grease and one part of water that transfer toa worker
25、 cup.NOTE 1If free water is observed after mixing, then additional mixing is required.D7342 1528.3 Fill a standard Test Methods D217 grease worker with the mixture and work the sample on a motorized grease worker for100 000100 000 double strokes (approximately 28 h). 28 h). After working is complete
26、d, bring the grease worker and the sampleto 2525 C 6 0.5C0.5 C in accordance with the procedure described in Test Methods D217 for prolonged worked penetration.8.4 Immediately after the grease sample reaches 2525 C 6 0.5C,0.5 C, rework the sample an additional 60 double strokes.Determine the worked
27、penetration.Procedure BWet Shell Roll Test8.5 Determine the worked penetration of the grease to be tested in accordance with Test Methods D1403.8.6 Transfer 63.0 6 0.2 g of unworked grease to test cylinder. Distribute the grease uniformly on the inside wall of the cylinderwith a spatula.8.7 Place th
28、e weighed roll in the cylinder.8.8 Add 7.0 6 0.2 g distilled water to the cylinder, and tighten the cap.8.9 Mount the cylinder in position, start the machine, and record the time and room temperature which should be limited to 20to 35C. If the cylinder is enclosed within a cabinet, the temperature a
29、round cylinder shall be maintained at 20 to 35C.8.10 After rolling the cylinder for 2 h65 min, remove the grease from the cylinder promptly and proceed with the requirementsof worked penetration in Test Methods D1403. Record the worked penetration. After transferring the grease to the worker, cleant
30、he test apparatus by wiping with clean cloth or tissue.8.11 Convert the fractional scale penetration values determined by Test Methods D1403 (before and after test) into theequivalent full scale cone penetration values using the appropriate equations described in Test Methods D1403.9. Calculation9.1
31、 Calculate the change in consistency of the sample as follows:Penetration change5P22P1 (1)where:P2 = final full-scale penetration reading, andP1 = initial full-scale penetration reading.NOTE 2Penetration reading is measured in tenths of a millimetre. A negative penetration change indicates hardening
32、 of grease while a positivepenetration change indicates softening.10. Report10.1 The value calculated in 9.1 is reported with the test procedure as the wet shear stability of the grease. For Procedure B,a notation if free water is present is useful information.11. Precision and Bias311.1 PrecisionTh
33、e precision of this test method as determined by a statistical examination of interlaboratory test results shownin Tables 1 and 2Table 1. TheirThe round robin samples are listed in Table 32.11.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successive results obtained by the same operator with the same appa
34、ratus underconstant operating conditions on identical test materials would, in the long run, in normal and correct operation of the test methodexceed the following values only in one case in twenty:Procedure A 20 unitsProcedure B 18 units20 penetration units11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference betwe
35、en two single and independent results obtained by different operators working indifferent laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method,exceed the following values only in one case in twenty:Procedure A 26 unitsProcedure B 31 u
36、nits26 penetration units11.2 BiasThe interlaboratory tests confirm that there is a significant bias between Procedure A and Procedure B in this testmethod. Both procedures can be used to determineThis test method has no bias because the value of the relative wet shear stabilityof greases, but the re
37、sults between procedures are not directly comparable.grease can be defined only in terms of the test method.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1824. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D7342 15312.
38、 Keywords12.1 cone penetration; consistency; grease worker; lubricating grease; penetration; roll stability; water stability test; wet shearstabilityTABLE 1 Round Robin Test Results for Procedure ALab SampleS1 S2 S3 S4 S51 +25 +122 +100 +55 +29+24 +126 +103 +60 +322 +11 +117 +88 +72 +250 +112 +90 +7
39、1 +283 +154 +107 +97 +62 +24+159 +118 +99 +53 +74 +1 +120 +97 +53 +27+6 +123 +96 +80 +275 +29 +115 +86 +54 +28+12 +114 +109 +63 +286 +25 +95 +99 +49 +25+20 +88 +104 +44 +317 +11 +117 +79 +48 +25-2 +89 +92 +61 +232 +89 +92 +61 +238 0 +117 +96 +62 +36+3 +122 +88 +68 +339 +11 +118 +100 +59 +18+17 +113
40、+87 +64 +2010 +11 +108 . +70 +32+10 +91 . +67 +37TABLE 2 Round Robin Test Results for Procedure BLab SampleS1 S2 S3 S41 -3 +32 +64 +40+2 +16 +68 +392 +4 +38 +54 +52+3 +48 +60 +373 +26 -12 +52 +22+12 0 +50 +384 -18 +26 +38 +37-21 +29 +39 +425 +8 +64 +58 +40+4 +26 +60 +366 -6 +44 +55 +36-2 +37 +58 +34
41、7 -12 +60 +30 +32-4 +60 +52 +268 +2 +42 +58 +400 +50 +62 +449 +30 +79 +41 +26+19 +90 +33 +2210 +2 +50 . +20+10 +52 . +48TABLE 32 Round Robin SamplesSample Code NLGI Grade Thickener TypeS1 2 Al-complexS2 3 LithiumS3 2 PolyureaS4 1 LithiumS5 1 Li-complexD7342 154SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.G0 h
42、as identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D7342 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2015.)(1) Revised throughout to remove former Procedure B.(2) Revised Section 11, adding new Research Report RR:D02-1824.ASTM International takes
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