1、Designation: D7422 09aStandard Test Method forEvaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust GasRecirculation Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure forevaluating diesel engine oils for performance charac
3、teristics,including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinderliners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation andrunning on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel.2This test method iscommonly referred to as the Mack T-12.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No
4、 other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionWhere there is no direct SI equivalent,such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipmentspecifications.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thes
5、afety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 forspecific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1
6、ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip Te
7、stD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)
8、D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Dis
9、tillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Prod
10、ucts byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digit
11、al Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Engine OilsD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determina
12、tion byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and
13、 Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D742209. DOI:10.1520/D7422-09a.2The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will updat
14、e changes in this test method bymeans of Information Letters. Information letters may be obtained from the ASTMTest Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information Letters throughNo. 09-1.3For referenced
15、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuelsand Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chro-matographyD5453 Test Method f
17、or Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Bal
18、l-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 National Archives and Records Administration:4Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-793. Term
19、inology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, the com-bustion
20、 products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enterthe crankcase. D41753.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa measuring device with respect to that of a standard. D41753.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary to satisfy a
21、specificationand is intended to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nthe mixing ofexhaust gas with intake air to reduce the formation of nitrogenoxides (NOx). D41753.1.6 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration, characterized by average sp
22、eeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D41753.1.7 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion en-gines, one that is designed to allow operation continuously ator close to its peak output. D41753.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil; s
23、uch as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-
24、bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D41753.1.10 oxidation, nof engine oil, the reaction of the oilwith an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, which can pro-duce deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifestedas sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or
25、corrosion, or combination thereof. D41753.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seal
26、s) that interact withoils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 standard test,
27、 na test on a calibrated test stand,using the prescribed equipment according to the requirementsin the test method, and conducted according to the specifiedoperating conditions.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThe specified operating conditions insome test methods include requirements for determining atests opera
28、tional validity. These requirements are applied aftera test is completed and can include (1) mid-limit ranges for theaverage values of primary and secondary parameters that arenarrower than the specified control ranges for the individualvalues, (2) allowable deviations for individual primary andseco
29、ndary parameters for the specified control ranges, (3)downtime limitations, and (4) special parameter limitations.D41753.1.14 test parameter, na specified component, property,or condition of a test procedure.3.1.14.1 DiscussionExamples of components are fuel,lubricant, reagent, cleaner, and sealer;
30、of properties are density,temperature, humidity, pressure, and viscosity; and of condi-tions are flow rate, time, speed, volume, length, and power.D41753.1.15 varnish, nin internal combustion engines, a hard,dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be removed by solventsbut not by wiping with a clot
31、h. D41753.1.16 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof both. D41754. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test operation involves use of a Mack E-TECHV-MAC III diesel engine
32、with Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR). A warm-up and a 1 h break-in are followed by atwo-phase test consisting of 100 h at 1800 r/min and 200 h at1200 r/min, both at constant speed and load.4.2 Take oil samples periodically and analyze for viscosityincrease and wear metals content.4.3 Rebuild the engi
33、ne prior to each test. Disassemble,solvent-clean, measure, and rebuild, the engine power sectionusing all new pistons, rings, cylinder liners, and connecting rodbearings, in strict accordance with furnished specifications.4.4 Solvent-clean the engine crankcase and replace worn ordefective parts.4Ava
34、ilable from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.D7422 09a24.5 Equip the test stand with appropriate accessories forcontrolling speed, load, and various engine operating condi-tions.5. Signi
35、ficance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate the wearperformance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooledfour-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running onultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oilanalysis and component measurements before and after tes
36、t.5.2 The test method may be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.6. Apparatus6.1 General Description:6.1.1 The test engine is a Mack E-TECH V-MAC III,electronically controlled fuel injection with six electronic unitpumps, using 2002 cylinder hea
37、ds, P/N 11GBA81025 (AnnexA2). It is an open-chamber, in-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke,turbocharged, charge air-cooled, and compression ignitionengine. The bore and stroke are (124 by 165) mm, and thedisplacement is 12 L.6.1.2 The ambient laboratory atmosphere shall be relativelyfree of dirt and ot
38、her contaminants as required by goodlaboratory standards. Filtering air, controlling temperature, andcontrolling humidity in the engine buildup area helps preventaccumulation of dirt and other contaminants on engine partsand aids in measuring and selecting parts for assembly.6.2 Test Engine:6.2.1 Ma
39、ck T-12 Test EngineThe engine is available fromMack Trucks, Inc.Acomplete parts list is shown in TableA2.1.Use test parts on a first-in/first-out basis.6.2.2 Engine Cooling System:6.2.2.1 Use a new Mack coolant conditioner shown in TableA2.1, every test, to limit scaling in the cooling system.Pressu
40、rize the system at the expansion tank to 103 kPa. Use thecoolant described in 7.3.1.6.2.2.2 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external engine cool-ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and water-out temperature control valve. The systemshall prevent air entrainment and cont
41、rol jacket temperatureswithin the specified limit. Install a sight glass between theengine and the cooling tower to check for air entrainment anduniform flow in an effort to observe and prevent localizedboiling. Block the thermostat wide open.6.2.2.3 Use a closed-loop, pressurized external EGR cool-
42、ing system composed of a nonferrous core heat exchanger,reservoir, and coolant-out temperature control valve. Thesystem shall prevent air entrainment and control jacket tem-peratures within the specified limit. Install a sight glassbetween the EGR coolers and the cooling tower to check for airentrai
43、nment and uniform flow in an effort to observe andprevent localized boiling. The coolant flow direction is to beparallel (concurrent) with the EGR gas flow. Every reasonableattempt should be made to ensure that the EGR temperaturesleaving the coolers are very similar. Fig. A1.3 shows thecoolant flow
44、 to and from the EGR coolers, respectively.6.2.3 Auxiliary Oil System:6.2.3.1 To maintain a constant oil level in the pan, providean additional 9.5 L sump by using a separate closed tankconnected to the sump. Circulate oil through the tank with anauxiliary pump. The system schematic is shown in Fig.
45、 A1.1.The No. 6 and No. 8 Aeroquip5lines are to have insidediameters of 10 mm and 13 mm, respectively. Use a minimumNo. 8 size vent line. Equivalent lines may be substituted forAeroquip5lines provided they have the proper inside diam-eters.6.2.3.2 Locate the auxiliary oil system suction line on thee
46、xhaust side of the oil pan, down from the oil pan rail 127 mm,and back from the front of the pan 178 mm. This location isdirectly above the oil sump temperature thermocouple. Refer toFig. A1.4. Connect the auxiliary oil system return line to thepower steering pump cover on the front timing gear cove
47、r.Refer to Fig. A1.5. Connect the auxiliary oil scale vent line tothe top of the auxiliary oil sump bucket and the dipstick tubeopening.6.2.3.3 Viking Pump Model SG053514 shall be used as theauxiliary oil pumps. Pump speed is specified as 1725 r/min.66.2.4 Oil Cooling System:6.2.4.1 Use the oil cool
48、er adapter blocks to mount the oilcooler to the engine. The adapter blocks are available from thesupplier list in A2.7.6.2.4.2 Use the oil filter housing (part number 27GB525M)shown in Fig. A1.8.6.2.5 Blowby MeterUse a meter capable of providing dataat a minimum frequency of 6 min. To prevent blowby
49、 conden-sate from draining back into the engine, ensure the blowby linehas a downward slope to a collection bucket. Ensure thecollection bucket has a minimum volume of 18.9 L. Locate theblowby meter downstream of the collection bucket. The slopeof the blowby line downstream of the collection bucket isunspecified.6.2.6 Air Supply and FiltrationUse the Mack air filterelement and the Mack filter housing shown in A2.3. Replacefilter cartridge when DP of 2.5 kPa is reached. Install anadjustable valve (flapper) in the inlet air system at least 2 pipediameters befo
