1、Designation: D7452 12Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of LubricantsUsed for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speedand Shock Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ant
3、i-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils whensubjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test methodis commonly referred to as the L-42 test.21.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions t
4、o SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parametersexcept where there is no direct equivalent such as the units forscrew threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size,and single source equipment suppliers.1
5、.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnin
6、ginformation is given in Sections 4 and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Society of Automotive
7、 Engineers Standards:4SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Trans-mission LubricantsSAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric)Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 coast side, nthe convex side of the pinion and theconcave side of the r
8、ing gear which are in contact duringdeceleration in a forward gear. CRC Manual 2153.1.2 drive side, nthe concave side of the pinion and theconvex side of the ring gear which are in contact duringacceleration in a forward gear. CRC Manual 2153.1.3 scoring, non the ring and the pinion gear teeth, thed
9、isplacement of metal by local momentary welding from thegear tooth, resulting in the development of a matt, or frosteddull surface. CRC Manual 2154. Summary of Test Method4.1 Charge a specially prepared light duty hypoid rear axle(Dana Model 44 ASTM Part No. 044AA100-1)6with thelubricant sample to b
10、e tested (see 10.1). Mount the axlebetween two load absorbing dynamometers which are drivenwith a V-8 gasoline engine through a manual transmission.4.2 Condition the test axle with light loads at differentspeed, torque and temperature conditions on both the drive andcoast sides of the gears. (Warnin
11、gHigh-speed rotatingequipment, electrical shock, high-temperature surfaces.) Afterconditioning, subject the test axle to high speed and shockloadings at higher temperatures.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct respons
12、ibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants Fluids.Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D745210. DOI:10.1520/D7452-12.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Mon
13、itoring Center(TMC) will update changes in this test method by means of information letters.Information letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, Attention: Administrator. This edition incor-porates revisions in all information Letters throu
14、gh No. 111. The TMC is also asource of reference oils.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Availa
15、ble from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.5CRC Rating Manual, No. 21, Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA.6Parts and Model 44 Maintenance Manual available from Dana Corporation,P.O. Box 2424, Fort Wayne, IN 46801.1*A Summ
16、ary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 Rate the drive and coast side of the pinion and ring gearsat the end of test (EOT) for scoring distress.5. Significance and
17、 Use5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe servicewhere they encounter high speed shock torque conditions,characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. Thissevere service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear andpinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring p
18、rop-erties of final drive lubricants.5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the followingdocuments:5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication1560.75.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.6. Apparatus6.1 This test method provides a description of essentialapparatus features, including mandator
19、y equipment type andperformance specifications where established.6.2 Test AxleThe test unit consists of a Dana model 44rear axle, 45 to 11 (4.09) ratio, and uncoated gears. (DanaASTM part number 044AA100-1.6See 10.1.)6.3 Cover PlateModify the rear cover plate of the test unitto provide an inspection
20、 port and thermocouple fitting. Locatethe thermocouple fitting by using the locating fixture shown inFig. A2.1. An optional14 in. NPT (National Pipe Thread) drainfitting may be added.6.4 Axle Shaft AssembleUse a Ford Axle shaft assembly,(Dana Part No. 26762-14X6) or equivalent with this testmethod.6
21、.5 Hinge Plate Stand AssemblyMount and secure the testunit in place on the hinge plate assembly, see Figs. A2.6-A2.9.6.6 Temperature Control SystemThe temperature controlapparatus consists of a thermocouple, a temperature recordingsystem, temperature controller and a cooling system that is ableto ma
22、intain lubricant temperature at specified conditions.6.6.1 ThermocoupleInstall the thermocouple such that thethermocouple tip is flush with the cover plate lip by placing thecover plate face on a flat surface and inserting the thermo-couple into the cover plate until the thermocouple tip is flushwit
23、h the flat surface. For recording and control of the testlubricant temperature, use a18-in. (3.2 mm) diameter J or Ktype closed tip style thermocouple.6.6.2 Temperature Recording SystemThroughout the test,ensure the temperature recording system records the tempera-ture of the test oil at a minimum f
24、requency of 1 Hz.6.6.3 Temperature ControllerProportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) type; percent output adjustable.6.6.4 Axle CoolingUse three spray nozzles to distributewater over the cover plate and axle housing as shown in Fig.A2.2. Actuate the water control valve by the temperature PIDcontrol s
25、ystem.6.6.4.1 Depending on how the system is plumbed, use spraynozzles in any combination of the following part numbers:Straight Male NPT (Part No. 3/8GG-SS22), 90 Male NPT(Part No. 3/8GGA-SS22), Straight Female NPT (Part No.3/8G-SS22), and 90 Female NPT (Part No. 3/8GA-SS22).8,96.6.4.2 Use a single
26、 control valve to control the coolingwater supply. The control shall be a12 in. (12.7 mm) two-way,C linear trim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use a singlePID loop to maintain the axle lubricant temperature control forboth the Standard and Canadian version test. A separate PIDloop control fo
27、r each version is not permitted. See Annex A1.6.6.4.3 Use only38 or12 in. (9.5 mm or 12.7 mm) linematerial to the spray nozzles.6.6.4.4 Use a minimum supply water pressure of 25 psig(172 kPa) to the control valve.6.6.4.5 Use an axle containment box as shown in Fig.A2.10. The purpose is to contain wa
28、ter.6.6.4.6 Use a locating pin or stop block as an indexingdevice to ensure that all subsequent axle installations areconsistently installed perpendicular with the axle housingcover to engine and transmission drive-shaft centerline.6.7 Torque MeterInclude in the test equipment a torquemeter installe
29、d in the drive shaft (see Figs. A2.3-A2.5)tomeasure the torque applied to the pinion. Install a Himmelsteininline torque meter Model numbers MCRT28061T(1-4) orMCRT2661TN(1-4)9,10without a foot mount and a range of10 000 lb-in. (1130 Nm) shall be installed to measure piniontorque. Additional suffix l
30、etters only indicate allowable op-tions.6.8 Signal ConditioningUse a Himmelstein Models 701or 711 strain gage conditioner for signal conditioning. Set thelow pass cut-off frequency at 10 Hz.6.9 Digital Data Acquisition SystemSystem requires ca-pability of measuring a minimum of five channels at samp
31、lingfrequencies outlined in Section 10.6.9.1 Do not use hardware or software filtering for thepinion torque channel during data acquisition periods of thetest.6.10 DynamometersTwo axle dynamometers (MidwestDynamatic, Model 3232)9,11with suitable control equipmentcapable of maintaining specified test
32、 conditions.6.11 Engine Speed ControlSystem requires a device tomaintain steady state conditions and also provide adjustablethrottle acceleration and deceleration rates to attain specifiedshock loading torques.6.11.1 Throttle Controller SystemUse a Foxboro/JordanController, Model AD7530.9,12Use a po
33、wer transformer fromAcme Electric Corp. PN T-1-81058 or equivalent, primary7API Publication 1560, Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive ManualTransmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles, American Petroleum Institute,Washington, DC.8The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committ
34、ee at this time isSpray Systems Company, and can be purchased through E. I. Pfaff Company, 3443Edwards Road, Suite D, Cincinnati, OH 45208.9If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation
35、at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.10The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis S. Himmelstein and Company, 2490 Pembroke Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL60195.11Available from Dyne Systems, P.O. Box 18 W209 N17391 Industrial Drive
36、,Jackson, WI 53037.12Available from Fox/Jordan, Inc., 5607 West Douglas Avenue, Milwaukee, WI53218.D7452 122volts 120X240, secondary volts (120 V primary by 240 Vsecondary), 16/32 (13 mm) center tap, 0.500 kVA (0.5 kW) inconjunction with the Foxboro/Jordan Controller.6.12 Connecting ShaftsUse connec
37、ting shafts of equallength 6 1 in. (25.4 mm) and less than 30 in. (762 mm) longfrom flange face to flange face. Use a tubing diameter of 3.5 60.2 in. (88.9 mm 6 5.1 mm) OD, with a wall thickness of 0.0956 0.005 in. (2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) if tubing is required tofabricate the shafts. Ensure the shafts a
38、re dynamically (spin)balanced and strong enough to handle torques up to 2100 lbf-ft(2847 Nm). Use an operating angle of (0 6 0.5).6.13 Power TrainThe power train consists of a gasolinepowered V-8 GM performance Ramjet 5.7 L marine enginecoupled with a five speed manual transmission capable ofsupplyi
39、ng specified shock loading torques. The engine andtransmission operating angle shall be (0 6 0.5).6.13.1 All recommended replacement parts are availablethrough local General Motors dealers. A list of these replace-ment parts are shown in Table 1. Do not make modifications tothe engine that would aff
40、ect the engines factory displacementor compression ratio.6.14 Drive ShaftWelded steel tubing, 3.5 6 0.2 in. (90mm 6 5.1 mm) outside diameter, 0.095 6 0.005 in. (2.41 mm6 0.13 mm) wall thickness, 34.5 6 1 in. (880 mm 6 25 mm)long from center weld to center weld. (See Figs. A2.3-A2.5.)Dynamically (spi
41、n) balance the drive shaft and torque meter.The operating angle shall be (0 6 0.5).6.14.1 Transmission U-Joint(Spicer 5-178X).136.14.2 Pinion U-Joint(Spicer 5-153X).6.14.3 Flange YokeConnects transmission yoke throughu-joint to drive shaft.6.14.4 Pinion Drive Shaft Slip YokeConnects the driveshaft t
42、hrough the u-joint to the axle yoke.6.14.5 Flange AdaptorManufacture flange adapter tospecifications in Figs. A2.4 and A2.5.6.15 Spring PlateManufacture spring plates to specifica-tion as shown in Fig. A2.8.6.16 Spring Plate Rod ConnectionMount a rod connect-ing the spring plate to the gear stand us
43、ing12 in. (13 mm)spherical rod ends. See Figs. A2.6 and A2.7.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Sealing CompoundWhere necessary, use PermatexNo. 2 or equivalent.7.2 Cleaning SolventUse solvent meeting ASTM D235Type II, Class C requirements forAromatic Content (0 to 2) vol%, Flash Point (142F/61 C, min) an
44、d Color (not darker than+25 on Saybolt Scale or 25 on Pt-Co Scale). (WarningHealth hazard, combustible.) Obtain a Certificate of Analysisfor each batch of solvent from the supplier.7.3 Contact Pattern Marking CompoundWayne MetalWorking Compound # M 99B 111A14or equivalent.7.4 Test OilUse 3.5 pt (165
45、5 mL) of test lubricant.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Cleaning of Reusable HardwareClean as necessarywith cleaning solvent (see 7.2) all reusable parts including:axle shafts, thermocouples, axle housing cover, and all associ-ated drain pans and funnels used for the addition of andcollection of test
46、 oil.8.2 Preparation of Axle:8.2.1 Pretest contact pattern procedure (see Annex A6).8.2.2 Record break and turn.8.2.3 Record the backlash reported from the manufacturer.The readings shall be between 0.004 and 0.012 in. (0.102 mmto 0.305 mm).8.2.3.1 Measure and record backlash at four equally spacedl
47、ocations. Report the average and the four readings.8.2.4 Proceed to 8.2.9 if contact pattern and backlash areacceptable. Proceed to 8.2.5 if the contact pattern or backlashneeds adjustment.8.2.5 Follow Dana Model 44 Maintenance Manual6ifcontact pattern or backlash needs to be adjusted.8.2.6 Assemble
48、 the gear unit using Dana Model 44 Main-tenance Manual.6Apply gear contact pattern grease on thedrive and coast side of the ring. Place a 30 6 5 lbf-ft (40.7 Nm6 6.8 Nm) turning torque on the ring and pinion. Rotate ringand pinion through the gear contact pattern grease on the driveand coast side.8.
49、2.7 Proceed to 8.2.8 if the contact pattern and backlash areacceptable. If the contact pattern requires further adjustment,repeat 8.2.5 and 8.2.6 until an acceptable pattern is obtained.8.2.8 Measure and record backlash at four equally spacedlocations. Report the average and the four readings.8.2.9 Clean the gear with cleaning solvent (see 7.2) whengear contact pattern and backlash are at acceptable levels.8.2.10 CleaningWash the test unit in cleaning solvent (see7.2), paying particular attention to the pinion bearing to removea
