1、Designation: D7452 12D7452 14Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of LubricantsUsed for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speedand Shock Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7452; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of
3、 the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjectedto high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.21.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalcon
4、versions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screwthreads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipmen
5、t suppliers.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Spec
6、ific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Society
7、 of Automotive Engineers Standards:4SAE J308 Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission LubricantsSAE J2360 Lubricating Oil, Gear Multipurpose (Metric) Military Use3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 coast side, nthe convex side of the pinion and the concav
8、e side of the ring gear which are in contact during decelerationin a forward gear. CRC Manual 2153.1.2 drive side, nthe concave side of the pinion and the convex side of the ring gear which are in contact during accelerationin a forward gear. CRC Manual 2153.1.3 scoring, non the ring and the pinion
9、gear teeth, the displacement of metal by local momentary welding from the geartooth, resulting in the development of a matt, or frosted dull surface. CRC Manual 2151 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is t
10、he direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.6.4 Axle CoolingUse three spray nozzles to distribute water over the cover plate and axle housing as shown in Fig. A2.2.Actuate the water control valve by the temperature PID control system.6.
11、6.4.1 Depending on how the system is plumbed, use spray nozzles in any combination of the following part numbers: StraightMale NPT (Part No. 3/8GG-SS22), 90 Male NPT (Part No. 3/8GGA-SS22), Straight Female NPT (Part No. 3/8G-SS22), and 90Female NPT (Part No. 3/8GA-SS22).8,96.6.4.2 Use a single contr
12、ol valve to control the cooling water supply. The control shall be a 12 in. (12.7 mm) two-way, C lineartrim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use a single PID loop to maintain the axle lubricant temperature control for both theStandard and Canadian version test. A separate PID loop control for
13、each version is not permitted. See Annex A1.6.6.4.3 Use only38 or 12 in. (9.5 mm or 12.7 mm) line material to the spray nozzles.6.6.4.4 Use a minimum supply water pressure of 25 psig (172 kPa) to the control valve.6.6.4.5 Use an axle containment box as shown in Fig. A2.10. The purpose is to contain
14、water.6 Parts and Model 44 Maintenance Manual available from Dana Corporation, P.O. Box 2424, Fort Wayne, IN 46801.7 API Publication 1560, Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,American Petroleum Institute, Washington,DC.8 The sole source su
15、pply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Spray Systems Company, and can be purchased through E. I. Pfaff Company, 3443 EdwardsRoad, Suite D, Cincinnati, OH 45208.9 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your
16、comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.D7452 1426.6.4.6 Use a locating pin or stop block as an indexing device to ensure that all subsequent axle installations are consistentlyinstalled perpendicular with the axle housing
17、 cover to engine and transmission drive-shaft centerline.6.7 Torque MeterInclude in the test equipment a torque meter installed in the drive shaft (see Figs. A2.3-A2.5) to measurethe torque applied to the pinion. Install a Himmelstein inline torque meter Model numbers MCRT28061T(1-4) orMCRT2661TN(1-
18、4)9,10 without a foot mount and a range of 10 000 lb-in. (1130 Nm) shall be installed to measure pinion torque.Additional suffix letters only indicate allowable options.6.8 Signal ConditioningUse a Himmelstein Models 701 or 711 strain gage conditioner for signal conditioning. Set the lowpass cut-off
19、 frequency at 10 Hz.6.9 Digital Data Acquisition SystemSystem requires capability of measuring a minimum of five channels at samplingfrequencies outlined in Section 10.6.9.1 Do not use hardware or software filtering for the pinion torque channel during data acquisition periods of the test.6.10 Dynam
20、ometersTwo axle dynamometers (Midwest Dynamatic, Model 3232)9,11 with suitable control equipment capableof maintaining specified test conditions.6.11 Engine Speed ControlSystem requires a device to maintain steady state conditions and also provide adjustable throttleacceleration and deceleration rat
21、es to attain specified shock loading torques.6.11.1 Throttle Controller SystemUse a Foxboro/Jordan Controller, Model AD7530.9,12 Use a power transformer from AcmeElectric Corp. PN T-1-81058 or equivalent, primary volts 120X240, secondary volts (120 V primary by 240 V secondary), 16/32(13 mm) center
22、tap, 0.500 kVA (0.5 kW) in conjunction with the Foxboro/Jordan Controller.6.12 Connecting ShaftsUse connecting shafts of equal length 6 1 in. (25.4 mm) and less than 30 in. (762 mm) long fromflange face to flange face. Use a tubing diameter of 3.560.2 in. (88.9 mm65.1 mm) OD, with a wall thickness o
23、f 0.09560.005in. (2.41 mm60.13 mm) if tubing is required to fabricate the shafts. Ensure the shafts are dynamically (spin) balanced and strongenough to handle torques up to 2100 lbf-ft (2847 Nm). Use an operating angle of (0 6 0.5).6.13 Power TrainThe power train consists of a gasoline powered V-8 G
24、M performance Ramjet 5.7 L marine engine coupledwith a five speed manual transmission capable of supplying specified shock loading torques.The engine and transmission operatingangle shall be (0 6 0.5).6.13.1 All recommended replacement parts are available through local General Motors dealers.Alist o
25、f these replacement partsare shown in Table 1. Do not make modifications to the engine that would affect the engines factory displacement or compressionratio.6.14 Drive ShaftWelded steel tubing, 3.5 6 0.2 in. (90 mm 6 5.1 mm) outside diameter, 0.095 6 0.005 in. (2.41 mm 6 0.13mm) wall thickness, 34.
26、5 6 1 in. (880 mm 6 25 mm) long from center weld to center weld. (See Figs. A2.3-A2.5.) Dynamically(spin) balance the drive shaft and torque meter. The operating angle shall be (0 6 0.5).10 The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is S. Himmelstein and Company, 249
27、0 Pembroke Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL 60195.11 Available from Dyne Systems, P.O. Box 18 W209 N17391 Industrial Drive, Jackson, WI 53037.12 Available from Fox/Jordan, Inc., 5607 West Douglas Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53218.TABLE 1 Recommended Power Train Replacement Parts ListParts Part NumberRamjet Eng
28、ine Includes ECM 12495515Five Speed Transmission 15747134Bell Housing 15998496Clutch Assembly 15002591Throw Out Bearing 15705563Dip Stick 10190942Dip Stick Tube 12552920Flywheel 10105832Flywheel Bolt (6 req.) 12337973Pilot Bearing 14061685Master Cylinder 15727261Actuating Cylinder 15046288Pulley, Wa
29、ter Pump 14023155Pulley, Crankshaft 14023147Belt 9433720Starter 10496873Engine Control Unit 12489488Throttle Body from 2000 Corvette. 17113669Throttle Body TPS Connector P/N 12116247Throttle Body Actuator Motor Connector P/N 12167121K where: (1) yyyyymmdd isthe date the calibration sequence is start
30、ed, and (2) x is a number that starts with one and is incremented each time a change ismade that requires that calibration sequence to be started over.13.5.1 Changing the torque settings is an example of a change that would require the calibration sequence to start over.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Pr
31、ecision:14.1.1 Test precision is established on the basis of operationally valid reference oil test results monitored by the TMC.14.1.2 Intermediate Precision ConditionsConditions where test results are obtained with the same test method using the sameoil, with changing conditions such as operators,
32、 measuring equipment, test stands, test engines and time.NOTE 2Intermediate precision is the appropriate term for this test method rather than repeatability, which defines more rigorous within-laboratoryconditions.TABLE 2 Reference Oil StatisticsAVariable, Merits Intermediate Precision Reproducibili
33、tysi.p.B i.p.C sRB RCScoring 5.49 15.37 5.49 15.37A These statistics are based on results obtained on TMC Reference Oil 116 as ofMay 7, 2007.B s = standard deviations.C This value is obtained by multiplying the standard deviation by 2.8.D7452 14914.1.2.1 Intermediate Precision Limit (i.p.)The differ
34、ence between two results obtained under intermediate precisionconditions that would, in the long run, in the normal and correct conduct of the test method, exceed the values shown in Table 2in only one case in twenty. When only a single test result is available, the Intermediate Precision Limit can
35、be used to calculatea range (test result 6 Intermediate Precision Limit) outside of which a second test result would be expected to fall about one timein twenty.14.1.3 Reproducibility ConditionsConditions where test results are obtained with the same test method using the same test oilin different l
36、aboratories with different operators using different equipment.14.1.3.1 Reproducibility Limit (R)The difference between two results obtained under reproducibility conditions that would,in the long run, in the normal and correct conduct of the test method, exceed the values shown in Table 2 in only o
37、ne case in twenty.When only a single test result is available, the Reproducibility Limit can be used to calculate a range (test result6ReproducibilityLimit) outside of which a second test result would be expected to fall about one time in twenty.14.2 BiasNo estimate of bias is possible, as the behav
38、ior of a lubricant is determined only under the specific conditions ofthe test and no absolute standards exist.15. Keywords15.1 automotive gear oils; extreme pressure lubricants; final drive axle; hypoid gear lubricants; L-42ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. L-42 TEST VERSIONSA1.1 Test VersionsThis
39、test method has two commonly used versions. The test procedures and conditions described previouslyin this test method will be referred to as the standard version. All versions maintain the same test procedures, pinion loads, andwheel speed conditions. The differences occur in the axle oil temperatu
40、re only. Table A1.1 describes each version.NOTE A1.1In shock series 2 for the Canadian test method, the cooling water control set point is set to 200F (93.3 C). The maximum rise above thestarting temperature during the shock sequence is to be 15F (8.3 C), or the test is considered non-interpretable.
41、A1.2 L-42 Canadian Version Test RequirementsA1.2.1 Calibration Test Acceptance (see Section 9):A1.2.1.1 Calibration status of the L-42 Canadian Version test is determined by successfully calibrating a test stand according tothe L-42 Standard Version test requirements detailed in Section 9. In other
42、words, a stand that is calibrated for the L-42 StandardVersion test is automatically calibrated for the L-42 Canadian Version test.A1.2.2 Test Procedure:A1.2.2.1 Operate the test as outlined in 10.1 through 10.5 of the L-42 Standard Version test with the exceptions of the followingsections. The proc
43、edure modifications listed in this annex refer to the corresponding section of the L-42 Standard Version test.A1.2.2.2 Differential housing oil temperature is 175 6 5F (79.4 C 6 2.8 C) at the start of Shock Series 1, see 10.3.1.3.A1.2.2.3 Ensure that the axle cooling water remains turned on through
44、out the remainder of the test, see 10.3.2.1.TABLE A1.1 Test VersionsA,BTestVersionShock Series 1Starting TemperatureShock Series 2Starting TemperatureStandard 200 5F (93.3 C 2.8 C) See 10.5.1.1Canadian 175 5F (79.4 C 2.8 C) 200 5F (93.3 C 2.8 C)A Both versions use the same wheel speed, load conditio
45、ns, and test procedures(except Note A1.1) as described in Section 10.B The Canadian test version is typically used for evaluation of 70W, 70W-XX, 75W,and 75W-xx lubricants.D7452 1410A1.2.2.4 Set and maintain the differential housing oil temperature at 200 6 5F (93.3 C 6 2.8 C), see 10.5.1.1.A2. SYST
46、EM DRAWINGSA2.1 The following drawings are shown to assist the users of this test method.D7452 1411FIG. A2.1 Cover Plate Temperature Sensor Locating DeviceD7452 1412FIG. A2.2 Location of Spray Nozzles on AxleD7452 1413FIG. A2.3 Drive Shaft Torque Meter AssemblyD7452 1414FIG. A2.4 Torque Meter Adapte
47、rD7452 1415FIG. A2.5 Torque Meter Adapter FlangeD74521416FIG. A2.6 Hinge Plate Stand AssemblyD7452 1417FIG. A2.7 Hinge PlateD7452 1418FIG. A2.8 Spring PlateD7452 1419FIG. A2.9 Spring Plate MountD7452 1420FIG. A2.10 Axle Containment BoxD7452 1421FIG. A2.11 Conditioning 1 conduct laboratory visits; pe
48、rform statistical analyses of reference oil test data; blend,store, and ship reference oils; and provide the associated administrative functions to maintain the referencing calibration programfor various lubricant tests as directed by Subcommittee D02.B and the Test Monitoring Board. The TMC coordin
49、ates its activitieswith the test sponsors, the test developers, the surveillance panels, and the testing laboratories.A4.2 Rules of Operation of the ASTM TMCThe TMC operates in accordance with the ASTM Charter, the ASTM Bylaws, theRegulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, the Bylaws Governing ASTM Committee D-2, and the Rules andRegulations Governing the ASTM Test Monitoring System.A4.3 Management of the ASTM TMCThe management of the Test Monitoring System is vested in the Test Monitoring Bo
