1、Designation: D7452 16Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of LubricantsUsed for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speedand Shock Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for use by l
3、aboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previouslycalib
4、rated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such asthe American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory use the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear L
5、ubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence the Test P
6、urchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laboratories that
7、 choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils whensubjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test methodis commonly referred to as the L-42 tes
8、t.21.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parametersexcept where there is no d
9、irect equivalent such as the units forscrew threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size,and single source equipment suppliers.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to es
10、tablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warninginformation is given in Sections 4 and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cle
11、aning Solvent)1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.6.4 Axle CoolingUse three spray nozzles to distribute
12、water over the cover plate and axle housing as shown in Fig.A6.2. Actuate the water control valve by the temperature PIDcontrol system.6.6.4.1 Depending on how the system is plumbed, use spraynozzles in any combination of the following part numbers:Straight Male NPT (Part No. 3/8GG-SS22), 90 Male NP
13、T(Part No. 3/8GGA-SS22), Straight Female NPT (Part No.3/8G-SS22), and 90 Female NPT (Part No. 3/8GA-SS22).8,96.6.4.2 Use a single control valve to control the coolingwater supply. The control shall be a12 in. (12.7 mm) two-way,4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr
14、., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.5Formerly known as CRC Rating Manual, No. 21. Available from the ASTMwebsite, www.astm.org, ASTM Stock No. TMCMNL21.6Parts and Model 44 Maintenance Manual available from Dana Corporation,P.O. Box 2424, Fort Wayne, IN 46801.7API Publication 1560, Lubric
15、ant Service Designations for Automotive ManualTransmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles, American Petroleum Institute,Washington, DC.8The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time isSpray Systems Company, and can be purchased through E. I. Pfaff Company, 3443Edwards R
16、oad, Suite D, Cincinnati, OH 45208.9If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D7452 162C linear trim, air to
17、 close, Research Control valve. Use a singlePID loop to maintain the axle lubricant temperature control forboth the Standard and Canadian version test. A separate PIDloop control for each version is not permitted. See Annex A5.6.6.4.3 Use only38 in. or12 in. (9.5 mm or 12.7 mm) linematerial to the s
18、pray nozzles.6.6.4.4 Use a minimum supply water pressure of 25 psig(172 kPa) to the control valve.6.6.4.5 Use an axle containment box as shown in Fig.A6.10. The purpose is to contain water.6.6.4.6 Use a locating pin or stop block as an indexingdevice to ensure that all subsequent axle installations
19、areconsistently installed perpendicular with the axle housingcover to engine and transmission drive-shaft centerline.6.7 Torque MeterInclude in the test equipment a torquemeter installed in the drive shaft (see Figs. A6.3-A6.5)tomeasure the torque applied to the pinion. Install a Himmelsteininline t
20、orque meter Model numbers MCRT28061T(1-4) orMCRT2661TN(1-4)9,10without a foot mount and a range of10 000 lb-in. (1130 Nm) shall be installed to measure piniontorque. Additional suffix letters only indicate allowable op-tions.6.8 Signal ConditioningUse a Himmelstein Models 701or 711 strain gage condi
21、tioner for signal conditioning. Set thelow pass cut-off frequency at 10 Hz.6.9 Digital Data Acquisition SystemSystem requires ca-pability of measuring a minimum of five channels at samplingfrequencies outlined in Section 10.6.9.1 Do not use hardware or software filtering for thepinion torque channel
22、 during data acquisition periods of thetest.6.10 DynamometersTwo axle dynamometers (MidwestDynamatic, Model 3232)9,11with suitable control equipmentcapable of maintaining specified test conditions.6.11 Engine Speed ControlSystem requires a device tomaintain steady state conditions and also provide a
23、djustablethrottle acceleration and deceleration rates to attain specifiedshock loading torques.6.11.1 Throttle Controller SystemUse a Foxboro/JordanController, Model AD7530.9,12Use a power transformer fromAcme Electric Corp. PN T-1-81058 or equivalent, primaryvolts 120X240, secondary volts (120 V pr
24、imary by 240 Vsecondary), 16/32 (13 mm) center tap, 0.500 kVA (0.5 kW) inconjunction with the Foxboro/Jordan Controller.6.12 Connecting ShaftsUse connecting shafts of equallength 61 in. (25.4 mm) and less than 30 in. (762 mm) longfrom flange face to flange face. Use a tubing diameter of 3.5 in.6 0.2
25、 in. (88.9 mm 6 5.1 mm) OD, with a wall thickness of0.095 in. 6 0.005 in. (2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) if tubing isrequired to fabricate the shafts. Ensure the shafts are dynami-cally (spin) balanced and strong enough to handle torques up to2100 lbf-ft (2847 Nm). Use an operating angle of 0 6 0.5.6.13 Power
26、TrainThe power train consists of a gasolinepowered V-8 GM performance Ramjet 5.7 L marine enginecoupled with a five speed manual transmission capable ofsupplying specified shock loading torques. The engine andtransmission operating angle shall be 0 6 0.5.6.13.1 All recommended replacement parts are
27、availablethrough local General Motors dealers. A list of these replace-ment parts are shown in Table 1. Do not make modifications tothe engine that would affect the engines factory displacementor compression ratio.6.14 Drive ShaftWelded steel tubing, 3.5 in. 6 0.2 in.(90 mm 6 5.1 mm) outside diamete
28、r, 0.095 in. 6 0.005 in.(2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) wall thickness, 34.5 in. 6 1 in.(880 mm 6 25 mm) long from center weld to center weld. (SeeFigs. A6.3-A6.5.) Dynamically (spin) balance the drive shaftand torque meter. The operating angle shall be 0 6 0.5.6.14.1 Transmission U-Joint(Spicer 5-178X)13or Nea
29、pco2-1435146.14.2 Pinion U-Joint(Spicer 5-153X).6.14.3 Flange YokeConnects transmission yoke throughu-joint to drive shaft.6.14.4 Pinion Drive Shaft Slip YokeConnects the driveshaft through the u-joint to the axle yoke.6.14.5 Flange AdaptorManufacture flange adapter tospecifications in Figs. A6.4 an
30、d A6.5.6.15 Spring PlateManufacture spring plates to specifica-tion as shown in Fig. A6.8.6.16 Spring Plate Rod ConnectionMount a rod connect-ing the spring plate to the gear stand using12 in. (13 mm)spherical rod ends. See Figs. A6.6 and A6.7.10The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the c
31、ommittee at this timeis S. Himmelstein and Company, 2490 Pembroke Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL60195.11Available from Dyne Systems, P.O. Box 18 W209 N17391 Industrial Drive,Jackson, WI 53037.12Available from Fox/Jordan, Inc., 5607 West Douglas Avenue, Milwaukee, WI53218.13Available from any local driv
32、e shaft supplier.14Available from Neapco, LLC, 6735 Haggerty Rd., Belleville, MI 48111.TABLE 1 Recommended Power Train Replacement Parts ListParts Part NumberRamjet Engine Includes ECM 12495515Five Speed Transmission 15747134 or15747232Bell Housing 15998496Clutch Assembly 15002591Throw Out Bearing 1
33、5705563Dip Stick 10190942Dip Stick Tube 12552920Flywheel 10105832Flywheel Bolt (6 req.) 12337973Pilot Bearing 14061685Master Cylinder 15727261Actuating Cylinder 15046288Pulley, Water Pump 14023155Pulley, Crankshaft 14023147Belt 9433720Starter 10496873Engine Control Unit 12489488Throttle Body from 20
34、00 Corvette. 17113669Throttle Body TPS Connector P/N 12116247Throttle Body Actuator Motor Connector P/N 12167121Kthat is, after every twentieth non-reference oil test, or afterthree months since the last acceptable reference oil testsequence.9.6.1 Also, if any of the special circumstances describedb
35、elow are involved, calibrate with a new three reference oil testcalibration sequence:9.6.1.1 After a test stand is moved, or15The gear marking compound is made by Wayne Metal Working Company.D7452 1649.6.1.2 After changing axle batches, or9.6.1.3 After changing throttle settings, or9.6.1.4 After cha
36、nging torque settings, or9.6.1.5 After major computer changes, or9.6.1.6 After a test not conforming to this test method wasrun in the stand since the last acceptable reference test, or9.6.1.7 After 6 months since the last valid L42 calibrationtest, or9.6.1.8 After two reference oil calibration atte
37、mpts are maderesulting in the end-of-test pinion coast side scoring notmeeting the Shewhart limits as published by the Test Monitor-ing Center, or the tests are statistically unacceptable or opera-tionally invalid.9.6.2 If a new three reference oil test calibration sequence isbeing attempted, there
38、shall not be more than five attemptsbetween the first and last run numbers.9.6.2.1 If the discrimination oil test (see 9.7) is alsorequired, there shall not be more than eight attempts betweenthe first and last run numbers.9.7 Discrimination Oil TestingConduct a discriminationoil test on the test st
39、and every six months from the completionof the last test in the calibration sequence or after fourcalibration sequences.9.7.1 Discrimination Oils approved by the L-42 Surveil-lance Panel are oils that demonstrate lower-performance levelscompared to that of regular TMC reference oils.9.7.2 The end-of
40、-test pinion coast side scoring value of thediscrimination oil test shall be a minimum of twice the averagevalue of the three acceptable reference oil tests for thediscrimination test to be considered acceptable. The discrimi-nation oil test may be conducted at any time during thecalibration sequenc
41、e. If the discrimination oil test isconductedat the end of the calibration sequence and a second discrimi-nation oil test is needed, this second discrimination oil test, ifacceptable, will count as 1 of the 20 non-reference oil tests.Repeat the complete calibration sequence (the three referenceoil t
42、ests and the discrimination oil test) if both discriminationoil tests do not meet the above requirements.9.8 Correction FactorWhen using TMC Reference Oil117 for stand calibration, add6%tothepinion scoring resultandadd4%tothering scoring result. Report both the ratedscoring and the corrected scoring
43、 in the space provided in thetest report.9.9 For all reference oil tests, the end-of-test coast sidepinion scoring shall be equal to or greater than the end-of-testring coast side scoring for the test to be acceptable.9.10 Reference Test FrequencyThe test stand calibrationperiod is defined as three
44、months or 20 tests, whichever occursfirst. It begins on the completion date of an operationally andstatistically acceptable reference oil test series as determinedby the TMC. Any test started on or before the stand calibrationexpiration date is defined to have been run on a calibratedstand.9.10.1 Wh
45、en a test stand is out of calibration for a period ofsix months or longer, renumber the stand, and follow LTMSguidelines for new stand introduction.9.10.2 Report modification of test stand apparatus orcompletion of any nonstandard test on a calibrated test stand tothe TMC immediately.9.11 Assign a s
46、equential test run number to every test starton any test stand before testing begins. All tests, includingaborted starts and operationally invalid tests, shall retain theirtest number.9.12 Instrument CalibrationCalibrate the wheel and pin-ion speed measuring systems and axle oil temperature controls
47、ystem at least every six months or 60 non-reference oil tests,whichever occurs first. Perform an instrument calibrationagainst a known standard traceable to either the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or to a physicalconstant.9.12.1 Prior to each reference oil test sequence, cali
48、brate thepinion torque measuring device using a dead weight calibra-tion. Perform the calibration on both the positive (drive) andnegative (coast) side of zero.9.12.2 Engine Throttle Body CalibrationCalibrate prior toevery calibration sequence.9.12.2.1 Warm the engine up until the coolant temperatur
49、eis greater than 150 F (65.6 C).9.12.2.2 Connect a voltmeter to the throttle position sensor(TPS) to measure the TPS voltage sent to the engine ECM.9.12.2.3 Adjust the Foxboro/Jordon zero potentiometer toclose the throttle until engine idle speed is at 675 r min 675 r min. Record the TPS voltage.9.12.2.4 Set the throttle controller at 100 % output. Adjustthe Foxboro/Jordon “span” potentiometer until the observedTPS voltage is 1.3 V 6 0.1 V higher than the voltage recordedin 9.12.2.3.10. Procedure for Conducting the Test10.1 The test axles are
