1、Designation: D7452 16D7452 17Standard Test Method forEvaluation of the Load Carrying Properties of LubricantsUsed for Final Drive Axles, Under Conditions of High Speedand Shock Loading1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7452; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPortions of this test method are written for
3、use by laboratories that make use of ASTM TestMonitoring Center (TMC)2 services (see Annex A1 Annex A4).The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desireto produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previo
4、uslycalibrated by the TMC.In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such asthe American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory use the TMC services as part of their testregistration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and t
5、he Gear Lubricant ReviewCommittee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use theTMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (andhence t
6、he Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of testseverity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may notbe the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.Laborato
7、ries that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjectedto high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as th
8、e L-42 test.21.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parameters except where
9、there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screwthreads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this
10、 standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on st
11、andardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products,
12、 Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants percent output adjustable.6.6.4 Axle CoolingUse three spray nozzles to distribute water over the cover plate and axle housing as shown in Fig. A6.2.Actuate the water control valve by
13、 the temperature PID control system.6.6.4.1 Depending on how the system is plumbed, use spray nozzles in any combination of the following part numbers: StraightMale NPT (Part No. 3/8GG-SS22), 90 Male NPT (Part No. 3/8GGA-SS22), Straight Female NPT (Part No. 3/8G-SS22), and 90Female NPT (Part No. 3/8
14、GA-SS22).8,96.6.4.2 Use a single control valve to control the cooling water supply. The control shall be a 12 in. (12.7 mm) two-way, C lineartrim, air to close, Research Control valve. Use a single PID loop to maintain the axle lubricant temperature control for both theStandard and Canadian version
15、test. A separate PID loop control for each version is not permitted. See Annex A5.6.6.4.3 Use only38 in. or 12 in. (9.5 mm or 12.7 mm) line material to the spray nozzles.6.6.4.4 Use a minimum supply water pressure of 25 psig (172 kPa) to the control valve.6.6.4.5 Use an axle containment box as shown
16、 in Fig. A6.10. The purpose is to contain water.6.6.4.6 Use a locating pin or stop block as an indexing device to ensure that all subsequent axle installations are consistentlyinstalled perpendicular with the axle housing cover to engine and transmission drive-shaft centerline.6.7 Torque MeterInclud
17、e in the test equipment a torque meter installed in the drive shaft (see Figs. A6.3-A6.5) to measurethe torque applied to the pinion. Install a Himmelstein inline torque meter Model numbers MCRT28061T(1-4) orMCRT2661TN(1-4)9,10 without a foot mount and a range of 10 000 lb-in. (1130 Nm) shall be ins
18、talled to measure pinion torque.Additional suffix letters only indicate allowable options.6.8 Signal ConditioningUse a Himmelstein Models 701 or 711 strain gage conditioner for signal conditioning. Set the lowpass cut-off frequency at 10 Hz.6.9 Digital Data Acquisition SystemSystem requires capabili
19、ty of measuring a minimum of five channels at samplingfrequencies outlined in Section 10.6.9.1 Do not use hardware or software filtering for the pinion torque channel during data acquisition periods of the test.6.10 DynamometersTwo axle dynamometers (Midwest Dynamatic, Model 3232)9,11 with suitable
20、control equipment capableof maintaining specified test conditions.6.11 Engine Speed ControlSystem requires a device to maintain steady state conditions and also provide adjustable throttleacceleration and deceleration rates to attain specified shock loading torques.6.11.1 Throttle Controller SystemU
21、se a Foxboro/Jordan Controller, Model AD7530.9,12 Use a power transformer from AcmeElectric Corp. PN T-1-81058 or equivalent, primary volts 120X240, secondary volts (120 V primary by 240 V secondary), 16/32(13 mm) center tap, 0.500 kVA (0.5 kW) in conjunction with the Foxboro/Jordan Controller.6.12
22、Connecting ShaftsUse connecting shafts of equal length 61 in. (25.4 mm) and less than 30 in. (762 mm) long fromflange face to flange face. Use a tubing diameter of 3.5 in. 6 0.2 in. (88.9 mm 6 5.1 mm) OD, with a wall thickness of 0.095 in.6 0.005 in. (2.41 mm 6 0.13 mm) if tubing is required to fabr
23、icate the shafts. Ensure the shafts are dynamically (spin) balancedand strong enough to handle torques up to 2100 lbf-ft (2847 Nm). Use an operating angle of 0 6 0.5.6.13 Power TrainThe power train consists of a gasoline powered V-8 GM performance Ramjet 5.7 L marine engine coupledwith a five speed
24、manual transmission capable of supplying specified shock loading torques.The engine and transmission operatingangle shall be 0 6 0.5.6.13.1 All recommended replacement parts are available through local General Motors dealers.Alist of these replacement partsare shown in Table 1. Do not make modificat
25、ions to the engine that would affect the engines factory displacement or compressionratio.8 The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Spray Systems Company, and can be purchased through E. I. Pfaff Company, 3443 EdwardsRoad, Suite D, Cincinnati, OH 45208.9 If you
26、 are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.10 The sole source supply of the apparatus known to the committee at thi
27、s time is S. Himmelstein and Company, 2490 Pembroke Avenue, Hoffman Estates, IL 60195.11 Available from Dyne Systems, P.O. Box 18 W209 N17391 Industrial Drive, Jackson, WI 53037.12 Available from Fox/Jordan, Inc., 5607 West Douglas Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53218.D7452 1736.14 Drive ShaftWelded steel tu
28、bing, 3.5 in. 6 0.2 in. (90 mm 6 5.1 mm) outside diameter, 0.095 in. 6 0.005 in. (2.41 mm6 0.13 mm) wall thickness, 34.5 in. 6 1 in. (880 mm 6 25 mm) long from center weld to center weld. (See Figs. A6.3-A6.5.)Dynamically (spin) balance the drive shaft and torque meter. The operating angle shall be
29、0 6 0.5.6.14.1 Transmission U-Joint(Spicer 5-178X)13 or Neapco 2-1435146.14.2 Pinion U-Joint(Spicer 5-153X).6.14.3 Flange YokeConnects transmission yoke through u-joint to drive shaft.6.14.4 Pinion Drive Shaft Slip YokeConnects the drive shaft through the u-joint to the axle yoke.6.14.5 Flange Adapt
30、orManufacture flange adapter to specifications in Figs. A6.4 and A6.5.6.15 Spring PlateManufacture spring plates to specification as shown in Fig. A6.8.6.16 Spring Plate Rod ConnectionMount a rod connecting the spring plate to the gear stand using 12 in. (13 mm) sphericalrod ends. See Figs. A6.6 and
31、 A6.7.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Sealing CompoundWhere necessary, use Permatex No. 2 or equivalent.7.2 Cleaning SolventUse solvent meeting ASTM D235 Type II, Class C requirements for Aromatic Content (0 to 2) vol %,Flash Point (142 F61 C, min) and Color (not darker than +25 on Saybolt Scale or 25
32、on Pt-Co Scale). (WarningHealthhazard, combustible.) Obtain a Certificate of Analysis for each batch of solvent from the supplier.7.3 Contact Pattern Marking CompoundWayne Metal Working Compound # M 99B 111A15 or equivalent.7.4 Test OilUse 3.5 pt (1655 mL) of test lubricant.8. Preparation of Apparat
33、us8.1 Cleaning of Reusable HardwareClean as necessary with cleaning solvent (see 7.2) all reusable parts including: axle shafts,thermocouples, axle housing cover, and all associated drain pans and funnels used for the addition of and collection of test oil.8.2 Preparation of Axle:8.2.1 Pretest conta
34、ct pattern procedure (see Annex A9).8.2.2 Record break and turn.8.2.3 Record the backlash reported from the manufacturer. The readings shall be between 0.004 in. and 0.012 in. (0.102 mm to0.305 mm).8.2.3.1 Measure and record backlash at four equally spaced locations. Report the average and the four
35、readings.8.2.4 Proceed to 8.2.9 if contact pattern and backlash are acceptable. Proceed to 8.2.5 if the contact pattern or backlash needsadjustment.8.2.5 Follow Dana Model 44 Maintenance Manual6 if contact pattern or backlash needs to be adjusted.13 Available from any local drive shaft supplier.14 A
36、vailable from Neapco, LLC, 6735 Haggerty Rd., Belleville, MI 48111.15 The gear marking compound is made by Wayne Metal Working Company.TABLE 1 Recommended Power Train Replacement Parts ListParts Part NumberRamjet Engine Includes ECM 12495515Five Speed Transmission 15747134 or15747232Bell Housing 159
37、98496Clutch Assembly 15002591Throw Out Bearing 15705563Dip Stick 10190942Dip Stick Tube 12552920Flywheel 10105832Flywheel Bolt (6 req.) 12337973Pilot Bearing 14061685Master Cylinder 15727261Actuating Cylinder 15046288Pulley, Water Pump 14023155Pulley, Crankshaft 14023147Belt 9433720Starter 10496873E
38、ngine Control Unit 12489488Throttle Body from 2000 Corvette. 17113669Throttle Body TPS Connector P/N 12116247Throttle Body Actuator Motor Connector P/N 12167121K that is,after every twentieth non-reference oil test, or after three months since the last acceptable reference oil test sequence.9.6.1 Al
39、so, if any of the special circumstances described below are involved, calibrate with a new three reference oil testcalibration sequence:9.6.1.1 After a test stand is moved, or9.6.1.2 After changing axle batches, or9.6.1.3 After changing throttle settings, or9.6.1.4 After changing torque settings, or
40、9.6.1.5 After major computer changes, or9.6.1.6 After a test not conforming to this test method was run in the stand since the last acceptable reference test, or9.6.1.7 After 6 months since the last valid L42 calibration test, or9.6.1.8 After two reference oil calibration attempts are made resulting
41、 in the end-of-test pinion coast side scoring not meetingthe Shewhart limits as published by the Test Monitoring Center, or the tests are statistically unacceptable or operationally invalid.9.6.2 If a new three reference oil test calibration sequence is being attempted, there shall not be more than
42、five attempts betweenthe first and last run numbers.D7452 1759.6.2.1 If the discrimination oil test (see 9.7) is also required, there shall not be more than eight attempts between the first andlast run numbers.9.7 Discrimination Oil TestingConduct a discrimination oil test on the test stand every si
43、x months from the completion of thelast test in the calibration sequence or after four calibration sequences.9.7.1 Discrimination Oils approved by the L-42 Surveillance Panel are oils that demonstrate lower-performance levelscompared to that of regular TMC reference oils.9.7.2 The end-of-test pinion
44、 coast side scoring value of the discrimination oil test shall be a minimum of twice the average valueof the three acceptable reference oil tests for the discrimination test to be considered acceptable. The discrimination oil test maybe conducted at any time during the calibration sequence. If the d
45、iscrimination oil test isconducted at the end of the calibrationsequence and a second discrimination oil test is needed, this second discrimination oil test, if acceptable, will count as 1 of the20 non-reference oil tests. Repeat the complete calibration sequence (the three reference oil tests and t
46、he discrimination oil test)if both discrimination oil tests do not meet the above requirements.9.8 Correction FactorWhen using TMC Reference Oil 117 for stand calibration, add 6 % to the pinion scoring result and add4 % to the ring scoring result. Report both the rated scoring and the corrected scor
47、ing in the space provided in the test report.9.9 For all reference oil tests, the end-of-test coast side pinion scoring shall be equal to or greater than the end-of-test ring coastside scoring for the test to be acceptable.9.10 Reference Test FrequencyThe test stand calibration period is defined as
48、three months or 20 tests, whichever occurs first.It begins on the completion date of an operationally and statistically acceptable reference oil test series as determined by the TMC.Any test started on or before the stand calibration expiration date is defined to have been run on a calibrated stand.
49、9.10.1 When a test stand is out of calibration for a period of six months or longer, renumber the stand, and follow LTMSguidelines for new stand introduction.9.10.2 Report modification of test stand apparatus or completion of any nonstandard test on a calibrated test stand to the TMCimmediately.9.11 Assign a sequential test run number to every test start on any test stand before testing begins. All tests, including abortedstarts and operationally invalid tests, shall retain their test number.9.12 Instrument CalibrationCalibrate the wheel
