1、Designation: D7468 12D7468 13Standard Test Method forCummins ISM Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oilperformance with regard to valve train wea
3、r, top ring wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging in an EGR environment. Thistest method is commonly referred to as the Cummins ISM Test.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe only exc
4、eption is where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipethreads/diameters, tubing sizes, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5、 responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.1.4 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test M
6、ethod 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Test Engine Configuration 6.1Test Engine 6.1.1Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, Block Off Plate 6.1.2Oil Filter Head Modification 6.1.3Oil Pan Modification 6.1.4Engine Control Module (ECM) 6.1.5Engine Position Sensor 6.1.6Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor 6
7、.1.7Barometric Pressure Sensor 6.1.8Turbocharger Controller 6.1.9Power Supply Voltage 6.1.10Air Compressor and Fuel Pump 6.1.11Engine Block Preparation 6.1.12Test Stand Configuration 6.2Engine Mounting 6.2.1Intake Air System 6.2.2Aftercooler 6.2.3Exhaust System 6.2.4Exhaust Gas Recirculation System
8、6.2.5Fuel System 6.2.6Coolant System 6.2.7Pressurized Oil Fill System 6.2.8External Oil System 6.2.9Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.10Blowby Rate 6.2.11System Time Responses 6.3Oil Sample Containers 6.41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants a
9、nd is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012May 1, 2013. Published March 2013May 2013. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 asD7468D7468 12.11. DOI: 10.1520/D7468-12.10.1520/D7468-13.2 Until th
10、e next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Information lettersmay be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition in
11、corporates revisions in allinformation letters through No. 111.121.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict a
12、ll changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,
13、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionMass Balance 6.5Engine and Cleaning Fluids 7Test Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Pentane 7.4Solvent 7.5Preparation of Apparatus 8Cleaning of Parts 8.1General 8.1.1Engine Block 8.1.2Cylinder Head 8.1.3Roc
14、ker Cover and Oil Pan 8.1.4External Oil System 8.1.5Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.6Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.7Ring Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.8Injector Adjusting Screw Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.9Engine Assembly 8.2General 8.2.1Parts Reuse and Replacement 8.2.2Build-Up Oi
15、l 8.2.3Coolant Thermostat 8.2.4Oil Thermostat 8.2.5Fuel Injectors 8.2.6New Parts 8.2.7Operational Measurements 8.3Units and Formats 8.3.1Instrumentation Calibration 8.3.2Temperatures 8.3.3Pressures 8.3.4Flow Rates 8.3.5Intake and Exhaust CO2 Measurement 8.3.6Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Referenc
16、e Oil Tests 9General 9.1New Test Stand 9.2New Test Stand Calibration 9.2.1Stand Calibration Period 9.3Stand Modification and Calibration Status 9.4Test Numbering System 9.5General 9.5.1Reference Oil Tests 9.5.2Non-Reference Oil Tests 9.5.3Reference Oil Test Acceptance 9.6Reference Oil Accountability
17、 9.7Last Start Date 9.8Donated Reference Oil Test Programs 9.9Adjustments to Reference Oil Calibration Periods 9.10Procedural Deviations 9.10.1Parts and Fuel Shortages 9.10.2Reference Oil Test Data Flow 9.10.3Special Use of the Reference Oil Calibration System 9.10.4Test Procedure 10Engine Installat
18、ion and Stand Connections 10.1Coolant System Fill 10.2Oil Fill for Break-in 10.3Engine Build Committed 10.3.3Fuel Samples 10.4Engine Warm-up 10.5Shutdown During Warm-up 10.5.1Engine Break-in 10.6Shutdown and Maintenance 10.7Normal Shutdown 10.7.1Emergency Shutdown 10.7.2Maintenance 10.7.3Downtime 10
19、.7.4200-h Test Procedure 10.8Oil Fill for Test 10.8.2Operating Conditions 10.8.4Injection Timing Change 10.8.5Mass % Soot Validity 10.8.6Test Timer 10.8.7Operational Data Acquisition 10.8.8Oil Sampling 10.8.9Oil Addition 10.8.10End of Test (EOT) 10.9Engine Disassembly 10.9.3D7468 132SectionCalculati
20、ons, Ratings and Test Validity 11Crosshead Mass Loss 11.1Crosshead Mass Loss Correction Factor 11.1.8Injector Adjusting Screw Mass Loss 11.2Injector Adjusting Screw Correction Factor 11.2.5Ring Mass Loss 11.3Sludge Ratings 11.4Oil Filter Plugging 11.5Oil Analyses 11.6Oil Consumption 11.7Fuel Analyse
21、s 11.8Additional Analysis 11.8.1Assessment of Operational Validity 11.9Assessment of Test Interpretability 11.10Test Report 12Report Forms 12.1Reference Oil Test 12.2Electronic transmission of Test Results 12.2.1Precision and Bias 13Precision 13.1Intermediate Precision Conditions 13.1.1Reproducibili
22、ty Conditions 13.1.2Bias 13.2Keywords 14AnnexesSafety Precautions Annex A1Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3Sensor Locations, Special Hardware, and Engine BlockModificationsAnnex A4External Oil System Annex A5Fuel Specification Annex A6Cummins Service Publications Annex A
23、7Specified Units and Formats Annex A8Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A9Sludge Rating Worksheets Annex A10Oil Analyses Annex A11Determination of Operational Validity Annex A12Exhaust CO2 Sampling Probe Annex A13ISM Merit Rating Calculation Annex A14AppendixTypical System Configurations Appendi
24、x X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro
25、leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and
26、 Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Metho
27、d for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 T
28、est Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology R
29、elating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For An
30、nual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.D7468 133D4485 Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine OilsD4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable EquationD4739 Test Method for Base Num
31、ber Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5453
32、 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determin
33、e Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 Coordinating Research Council:4CRC Manual No. 202.3 National Archives and Records Administration:Code of Federal Regulations Title 40 Part 86.310-7953. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na re
34、ference oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indi
35、cation or output of a device (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect to thatof a standard.3.1.4 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), na method by which a portion of the engine exhaust is returned to the combustionchambers through the intake system.3.1.5 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion
36、engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximum. D44853.1.6 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engine types, one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or closeto its peak output.3.1.7 non-referenc
37、e oil, nany oil other than a reference oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D41753.1.8 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements in the standard test method; suchas running in an non-calibrated test stand or using different
38、test equipment, applying different equipment assembly procedures, orusing modified operating conditions. D41753.1.9 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D44853.1.10 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of ins
39、oluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.11 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in an established procedure. D59673.1.12 valve train, nin internal combustion engines, t
40、he series of components, such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms, pushrods, and camshaft, that open and close the intake and exhaust valves.3.1.13 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resultingfrom mechanical or chemical action
41、or a combination of both. D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 crosshead, nan overhead component, located between the rocker arm and each intake valve and exhaust valve pair, thattransfers rocker arm travel to the opening and closing of each valve pair.3.2.1.1 DiscussionEach
42、 cylinder has two crossheads, one for each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves.3.2.2 de-rate protocols, nprotocols in the engine control module that cause the engine to reduce power output when certainoperating parameters are exceeded.4 Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 21
43、9 Perimeter Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30346.5 Available from Superintendent of Documents, Attn: New Orders, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Charge orders may be telephoned to the GovernmentPrinting Office order desk.D7468 1343.2.3 overhead, nin internal combustion engines, the components of t
44、he valve train located in or above the cylinder head.3.2.4 overfuel, vto cause the fuel flow to exceed the standard production setting.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a Cummins ISM 500 diesel engine with a specially modified engine block. Test operation includesa 25 min warm-up, a
45、 2 h break-in, and 200 h in four 50 h stages. During stages A and C the engine is operated with retarded fuelinjection timing and is overfueled to generate excess soot. During stages B and D the engine is operated at conditions to increasevalve train wear.4.2 Prior to each test, the engine is cleane
46、d and assembled with new cylinder liners, pistons, piston rings and overhead valvetrain components. All aspects of the assembly are specified.4.3 A forced oil drain, an oil sample and an oil addition, equivalent to an oil consumption of 0.064 g/MJ, is performed at theend of each 25 h period.4.4 The
47、test stand is equipped with the appropriate instrumentation to control engine speed, fuel flow, and other operatingparameters.4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing crosshead wear, top ring mass loss, injector adjusting screw mass loss, sludgedeposits, and oil filter plugging.5. Significance
48、 and Use5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits underheavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate soot generation, valve train wear, and deposit formation in a turbocharged,aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine
49、 equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.5.2 This test method can be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of this test method are in compliance.Applicable engine oil service categories are included in Specification D4485.5.3 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor,along with the accelerated operating conditions needs to be considered when extrapolating test results.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Engine Configuration:6.1.1 Test EngineThe Cummins IS
