1、Designation: D7468 16Standard Test Method forCummins ISM Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7468; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t
2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty diesel engine testprocedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oilperformance with regard to valve train wear, top ri
3、ng wear,sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging in an EGR environment.This test method is commonly referred to as the Cummins ISMTest.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe only exception is whe
4、re there is nodirect SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipethreads/diameters, tubing sizes, or where there is a sole sourceof supply equipment specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility o
5、f the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 forgeneral safety precautions.1.4 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Signifi
6、cance and Use 5Apparatus 6Test Engine Configuration 6.1Test Engine 6.1.1Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, Block Off Plate 6.1.2Oil Filter Head Modification 6.1.3Oil Pan Modification 6.1.4Engine Control Module (ECM) 6.1.5Engine Position Sensor 6.1.6SectionIntake Manifold Temperature Sensor 6.1.7Bar
7、ometric Pressure Sensor 6.1.8Turbocharger Controller 6.1.9Power Supply Voltage 6.1.10Air Compressor and Fuel Pump 6.1.11Engine Block Preparation 6.1.12Test Stand Configuration 6.2Engine Mounting 6.2.1Intake Air System 6.2.2Aftercooler 6.2.3Exhaust System 6.2.4Exhaust Gas Recirculation System 6.2.5Fu
8、el System 6.2.6Coolant System 6.2.7Pressurized Oil Fill System 6.2.8External Oil System 6.2.9Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.10Blowby Rate 6.2.11System Time Responses 6.3Oil Sample Containers 6.4Mass Balance 6.5Engine and Cleaning Fluids 7Test Oil 7.1Test Fuel 7.2Engine Coolant 7.3Pentane 7.4Solvent 7.5Pre
9、paration of Apparatus 8Cleaning of Parts 8.1General 8.1.1Engine Block 8.1.2Cylinder Head 8.1.3Rocker Cover and Oil Pan 8.1.4External Oil System 8.1.5Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.6Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.7Ring Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.8Injector Adjusting Screw Cleaning
10、and Measurement 8.1.9Engine Assembly 8.2General 8.2.1Parts Reuse and Replacement 8.2.2Build-Up Oil 8.2.3Coolant Thermostat 8.2.4Oil Thermostat 8.2.5Fuel Injectors 8.2.6New Parts 8.2.7Operational Measurements 8.3Units and Formats 8.3.1Instrumentation Calibration 8.3.2Temperatures 8.3.3Pressures 8.3.4
11、Flow Rates 8.3.5Intake and Exhaust CO2Measurement 8.3.6Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9General 9.1New Test Stand 9.2New Test Stand Calibration 9.2.11This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the di
12、rect responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7468 15. DOI:10.1520/D7468-16.2Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitorin
13、g Centerwill update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. Informa-tion letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention: Administrator. This edition incor-porates revisions in all information letters through No
14、. 162.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionStand Calibration Period 9.3Stand Modification and Calibration Status 9.4Test Numbering System 9.5General 9.
15、5.1Reference Oil Tests 9.5.2Non-Reference Oil Tests 9.5.3Reference Oil Test Acceptance 9.6Reference Oil Accountability 9.7Last Start Date 9.8Donated Reference Oil Test Programs 9.9Adjustments to Reference Oil Calibration Periods 9.10Procedural Deviations 9.10.1Parts and Fuel Shortages 9.10.2Referenc
16、e Oil Test Data Flow 9.10.3Special Use of the Reference Oil Calibration System 9.10.4Test Procedure 10Engine Installation and Stand Connections 10.1Coolant System Fill 10.2Oil Fill for Break-in 10.3Engine Build Committed 10.3.3Fuel Samples 10.4Engine Warm-up 10.5Shutdown During Warm-up 10.5.1Engine
17、Break-in 10.6Shutdown and Maintenance 10.7Normal Shutdown 10.7.1Emergency Shutdown 10.7.2Maintenance 10.7.3Downtime 10.7.4200-h Test Procedure 10.8Oil Fill for Test 10.8.2Operating Conditions 10.8.4Injection Timing Change 10.8.5Mass % Soot Validity 10.8.6Test Timer 10.8.7Operational Data Acquisition
18、 10.8.8Oil Sampling 10.8.9Oil Addition 10.8.10End of Test (EOT) 10.9Engine Disassembly 10.9.3Calculations, Ratings and Test Validity 11Crosshead Mass Loss 11.1Crosshead Mass Loss Correction Factor 11.1.7.1Injector Adjusting Screw Mass Loss 11.2Injector Adjusting Screw Correction Factor 11.2.5Ring Ma
19、ss Loss 11.3Sludge Ratings 11.4Oil Filter Plugging 11.5Oil Analyses 11.6Oil Consumption 11.7Fuel Analyses 11.8Additional Analysis 11.8.1Assessment of Operational Validity 11.9Assessment of Test Interpretability 11.10Test Report 12Report Forms 12.1Reference Oil Test 12.2Electronic transmission of Tes
20、t Results 12.2.1Precision and Bias 13Precision 13.1Intermediate Precision Conditions 13.1.1Reproducibility Conditions 13.1.2Bias 13.2Keywords 14AnnexesSafety Precautions Annex A1Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3Sensor Locations, Special Hardware, and Engine BlockModifica
21、tionsAnnex A4External Oil System Annex A5Fuel Specification Annex A6Cummins Service Publications Annex A7Specified Units and Formats Annex A8Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A9Sludge Rating Worksheets Annex A10Oil Analyses Annex A11SectionDetermination of Operational Validity Annex A12Exhaust
22、CO2Sampling Probe Annex A13ISM Merit Rating Calculation Annex A14AppendixTypical System Configurations Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Marten
23、sClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petrol
24、eum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane
25、 Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxi
26、dation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fue
27、ls by CentrifugeD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, LiquidFuels, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec
28、-trometryD4485 Specification for Performance of Active API ServiceCategory Engine OilsD4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
29、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D7468 162D5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byIndu
30、ctively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineE
31、29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations2.2 Other ASTM Document:ASTM Deposit Rating Manual 20 (Formerly CRC Manual20)42.3 National Archives and Records Administration:Code of Federal Regulati
32、ons Title 40 Part 86.310-7953. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, the identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks past pisto
33、n rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of adevice (e.g., thermometer, manometer, engine) with respect tothat of a standard.3.1.4 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), na method bywhich a portion of the engine exhaust is returned to thecom
34、bustion chambers through the intake system.3.1.5 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engineoperation, characterized by average speeds, power output, andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximum.D44853.1.6 heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion enginetypes, one that is desig
35、ned to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.3.1.7 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil,such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D41753.1.8 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted inconformance with the requirements in the standa
36、rd testmethod; such as running in an non-calibrated test stand orusing different test equipment, applying different equipmentassembly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D41753.1.9 reference oil, nan oil of known performancecharacteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D44853.1.10
37、sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.11 test oil, nany oil subjected to evaluation in anestab
38、lished procedure. D59673.1.12 valve train, nin internal combustion engines, theseries of components, such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms,push rods, and camshaft, that open and close the intake andexhaust valves.3.1.13 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occurring between two s
39、urfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof both. D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 crosshead, nan overhead component, located be-tween the rocker arm and each intake valve and exhaust valvepair, that transfers rocker arm
40、 travel to the opening and closingof each valve pair.3.2.1.1 DiscussionEach cylinder has two crossheads, onefor each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves.3.2.2 de-rate protocols, nprotocols in the engine controlmodule that cause the engine to reduce power output whencertain operating parameters
41、are exceeded.3.2.3 overhead, nin internal combustion engines, thecomponents of the valve train located in or above the cylinderhead.3.2.4 overfuel, vto cause the fuel flow to exceed thestandard production setting.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a Cummins ISM 500 diesel enginewith
42、a specially modified engine block. Test operation includesa 25 min warm-up,a2hbreak-in, and 200 h in four 50 hstages. During stages A and C the engine is operated withretarded fuel injection timing and is overfueled to generateexcess soot. During stages B and D the engine is operated atconditions to
43、 increase valve train wear.4.2 Prior to each test, the engine is cleaned and assembledwith new cylinder liners, pistons, piston rings and overheadvalve train components. All aspects of the assembly arespecified.4.3 A forced oil drain, an oil sample and an oil addition,equivalent to an oil consumptio
44、n of 0.064 g/MJ, is performedat the end of each 25 h period.4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instru-mentation to control engine speed, fuel flow, and other oper-ating parameters.4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing crossheadwear, top ring mass loss, injector adjusting sc
45、rew mass loss,sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to assess the perfor-mance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits4For stock #TMCMNL20, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o
46、rg.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, Attn: New Orders, P.O. Box371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Charge orders may be telephoned to theGovernment Printing Office order desk.D7468 163under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to acceleratesoot generation, valve train wear, and deposit
47、 formation in aturbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engineequipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.5.2 This test method can be used for engine oil specificationacceptance when all details of this test method are in compli-ance. Applicable engine oil service categories are inclu
48、ded inSpecification D4485.5.3 The design of the engine used in this test method isrepresentative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. Thisfactor, along with the accelerated operating conditions needs tobe considered when extrapolating test results.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Engine Configuration:6.
49、1.1 Test EngineThe Cummins ISM 500 is an in-linesix-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine with 11 L of displace-ment and is turbocharged and aftercooled. The engine has anoverhead valve configuration and EGR hardware. It features a2002 emissions configuration with electronic control of fuelmetering and fuel injection timing. Obtain the test engine andthe engine build parts kit from the central parts distributor(CPD).6The components of the engine build parts kit areshown in Table A3.1. Non-kit parts are shown in Table A3.2.6.1.2 Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks,
