1、Designation: D7484 11Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train WearPerformance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the p
3、rocedure described inthis test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratorywill know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically similar
4、to those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such arequirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
5、Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TM
6、C.2In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.1. Scope1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the CumminsISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, dieselengine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used toevaluate oil performance with regard
7、 to valve-train wear.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parametersexcept where there is no direct equivalent such as the units forscrew threads, National Pipe Thread
8、s/diameters, tubing size, orwhere there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.1.2.2 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede1.2 and 1.2.1.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th
9、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 forgeneral safety precautions.1.4 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significanc
10、e and Use 5Apparatus 6Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents 7Preparation of Apparatus 8Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests 9Test Procedure 10Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity 11Report 12Precision and Bias 13AnnexesSafety Precautions Annex A1Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2The Cu
11、mmins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4External Oil System Annex A5Fuel Specification Annex A6Cummins Service Publications Annex A7Specified Units and Formats Annex A8Oil Analyses Annex A91This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D0
12、2 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originallyapproved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D748410a. DOI:10.1520/D7484-11.2Until the next r
13、evision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Centerwill update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Informationletters may be obtained from theASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 PennAvenue,Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention Administrator. This edition incorporatesrev
14、isions in all information letters through No. 111. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric Pr
15、essureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning S
16、olvent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Me
17、thod for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of DistillateFuel Oil (
18、Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net
19、Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray
20、 Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination byPotentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in BaseOils by Inductively
21、Coupled Plasma Atomic EmissionSpectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of the AromaticContent and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuelsand Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chro-matographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spa
22、rk Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils inT-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of DieselFuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (SLBOCLE)D6838 Test Metho
23、d for Cummins M11 High Soot TestD6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR TestE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference oil, t
24、he identity ofwhich is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis is a coded reference oil that issubmitted by a source independent from the test facility.D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that por-tion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixturethat leaks pas
25、t piston rings into the engine crankcase duringoperation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output ofa device (for example, thermometer, manometer, engine) withrespect to that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have theperformance characteristics necessary t
26、o satisfy a specificationand is to be tested against that specification. D41753.1.5 crosshead, nan overhead component, located be-tween the rocker arm and each intake-valve and exhaust-valvepair, that transfers rocker arm travel to the opening and closingof each valve pair.3.1.5.1 DiscussionEach cyl
27、inder has two crossheads, onefor each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves. D68383.1.6 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), na method bywhich a portion of engines exhaust is returned to its combus-tion chambers via its inlet system. D69753.1.7 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine op-eration,
28、 characterized by average speeds, power output andinternal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.D41753.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a referenceoil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidateoil. D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conduct
29、ed inconformance with the requirements in the standard testmethod; such as running in an uncalibrated test stand or usingdifferent test equipment, applying different equipment assem-bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.D41753.1.10 overhead, nin internal combustion engines, thecompo
30、nents of the valve-train located in or above the cylinderhead. D68383.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance char-acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
31、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.D7484 1123.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibratetesting facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, orto evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact withoil
32、s. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit,principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-ucts from fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drainfrom engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.D41753.1.13 test oil, nany oil subjected to evalua
33、tion in anestablished procedure. D41753.1.14 valve-train, nin internal combustion engines, theseries of components such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms,push rods and camshaft, that open and close the intake andexhaust valves. D68383.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material from a surface, gener-ally occu
34、rring between two surfaces in relative motion, andresulting from mechanical or chemical action or a combinationof both. D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 lug, vin internal combustion engine operation,torun the engine in a condition characterized by a combinedmode of relat
35、ively low-speed and high-power output, with thepotential to cause hesitation.3.2.2 ramp, vto change an engine condition at a pre-scribed rate when changing from one set of operating condi-tions to another set of operating conditions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionWhen ramping the engine speed downto a condition
36、such that the engine lugs, the speed is forceddown by increasing the torque in a such a way that the speedcomes to idle before zero torque condition is reached.3.2.3 tappet, nin internal combustion engines, a valve-train component, located between the camshaft and push rod,that transfers cam lobe tr
37、avel to the rocker arm, opening andclosing a pair of intake or exhaust valves.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a Cummins ISB diesel enginewith 5.9 L displacement, equipped with exhaust gas recircula-tion and featuring an EPA 2004 emissions configuration. Testoperation includes a 17
38、 min warm-up, an 80 h break-in, and a350 h test cycle comprising stages A and B. During stage A theengine is operated with retarded, fuel-injection timing togenerate excess soot; during stage B the engine is operated atcyclic conditions to induce valve-train wear.4.2 Prior to each test, the engine i
39、s cleaned and assembledwith new, valve-train components. All aspects of the assemblyare specified.4.3 A forced oil drain, an oil sampling, and an oil additionare performed at the end of each 25 h period for the first 100 hof the test. Thereafter, oil samples are taken every 50 h. Oiladditions are no
40、t made during the last 250 h of the test cycle.4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instru-mentation to control engine speed, fuel flow and other operat-ing parameters.4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing crossheadwear, tappet weight loss and camshaft wear.5. Significance an
41、d Use5.1 This test method was developed to assess the perfor-mance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wearunder operating conditions selected to accelerate soot produc-tion and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooledfour-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equi
42、ppedwith exhaust gas recirculation hardware.5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method isrepresentative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. Thisfactor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall beconsidered when extrapolating test results.6. Apparatus6.1 Test-Engine
43、Configuration:6.1.1 Test EngineThe Cummins ISB is an in-line, six-cylinder, diesel engine with a displacement of 5.9 L. It isturbocharged, aftercooled, and has an overhead valve configu-ration. It features a 2004 emissions configuration with elec-tronic control of fuel metering and common rail fuel
44、injection.Obtain the test engine and the engine build parts kit from theCentral Parts Distributor (CPD).4,5The components of theengine build parts kit are shown in Table A3.1.6.1.2 Remote Oil Heat Exchanger and Bypass PlateRemove the stock oil heat exchanger from the engine andreplace with a bypass
45、plate (part number ISB-OCBP)4,5shownin Fig. A4.1. Attach a remote bypass (part number 149-0118-00)5,6to the filter head, as shown in Fig. A4.2. The bypassallows control of the oil temperature by directing the oil to flowthrough a 76 mm 3 102 mm dual-pass, remote oil heatexchanger (part number SN16-0
46、03-014-004)5,7as shown inFig. A4.3. The oil lines to and from the remote oil heatexchanger and filter head shall not be greater than 1000 mmlong and shall be 19.3 mm nominal outer diameter tubing(Aeroquip8“-12” or equivalent).6.1.3 Oil Pan ModificationModify the oil pan as shown inFig. A4.4.6.1.4 En
47、gine Control Module (ECM)Obtain the ECMfrom the CPD.4,5Information about the ECM is given in aCummins publication.9,10Use the latest Cummins engineeringtools10to retard injection timing in order to increase sootgeneration and overhead wear. Verify that the 2004 EPAcalibration is used. Some engine pr
48、otection protocols havebeen disabled to ensure that the test is run according to the4This CPD is the sole source of supply of the test engine, engine build parts kitand the ECM known to the committee at this time is Test Engineering, Inc., 12718Cimarron Path, Suite 102, San Antonio, TX 78249-3423, w
49、ww.tei-.5If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The sole source of supply of this bypass known to the committee at this timeis W. G. Sourcing, Inc., 2650 Pleasantdale Road #10, Atlanta, GA .7The sole source of supply of the remote oil heat exchanger known to thecommittee at this time is Kinetic Engineering Corporation, 2055 Silber Road, Suite101, Houston, TX 77
