1、Designation: D7484 11D7484 12Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train WearPerformance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7484; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、 adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONAny properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can u
3、se the procedure described inthis test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)2 provides reference oils and anassessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory. By these means, the laboratorywill know whether its use of the test method gives results statistically
4、 similar to those obtained byother laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services inseeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes such arequirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specif
5、ications.Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.Laboratories that choose not to use these services may simply ignore those portions of the test methodthat refer to the TMC.This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued
6、by the TMC.2 In addition,the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engineequipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil perf
7、ormance with regard to valve-train wear.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 ExceptionsSI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screwthreads
8、, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.1.2.2 See also A8.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It i
9、s the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.1.4 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of T
10、est Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents 7Preparation of Apparatus 8Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-ReferenceOil Tests9Test Procedure 101 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct r
11、esponsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0 onAutomotive Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2011January 2013. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20102011as D7484D748410a.11. DOI: 10.1520/D7484-11.10.1520/D7484-12.2 Until the next rev
12、ision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information lettersmay be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention Administrator. This edition incorporates
13、revisions in allinformation letters through No. 111.121. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequatel
14、y depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Inter
15、national, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1SectionCalculations, Ratings, and Test Validity 11Report 12Precision and Bias 13AnnexesSafety Precautions Annex A1Intake Air Aftercooler Annex A2The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3Sensor Locatio
16、ns and Special Hardware Annex A4External Oil System Annex A5Fuel Specification Annex A6Cummins Service Publications Annex A7Specified Units and Formats Annex A8Oil Analyses Annex A92. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressu
17、reD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solv
18、ent)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Meth
19、od for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil
20、 (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD3338 Test Method for Estimation of
21、Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive
22、 X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid TitrationD5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils andDetermination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductiv
23、ely Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)D5186 Test Method for Determination of theAromatic Content and PolynuclearAromatic Content of Diesel Fuels andAviationTurbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid ChromatographyD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons,
24、 Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel EngineD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6838 Test
25、 Method for Cummins M11 High Soot TestD6975 Test Method for Cummins M11 EGR TestE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 blind reference oil, na reference
26、 oil, the identity of which is unknown by the test facility.3.1.1.1 Discussion3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
27、the ASTM website.D7484 122This is a coded reference oil that is submitted by a source independent from the test facility. D41753.1.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase du
28、ring operation.3.1.3 calibrate, vto determine the indication or output of a device (for example, thermometer, manometer, engine) withrespect to that of a standard.3.1.4 candidate oil, nan oil that is intended to have the performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification andis to be te
29、sted against that specification. D41753.1.5 crosshead, nan overhead component, located between the rocker arm and each intake-valve and exhaust-valve pair, thattransfers rocker arm travel to the opening and closing of each valve pair.3.1.5.1 DiscussionEach cylinder has two crossheads, one for each p
30、air of intake valves and exhaust valves. D68383.1.6 exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), na method by which a portion of engines exhaust is returned to its combustionchambers via its inlet system. D69753.1.7 heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine operation, characterized by average speeds, power o
31、utput and internaltemperatures that are close to the potential maximums. D41753.1.8 non-reference oil, nany oil other than a reference oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil or candidate oil.D41753.1.9 non-standard test, na test that is not conducted in conformance with the requirements
32、 in the standard test method; suchas running in an uncalibrated test stand or using different test equipment, applying different equipment assembly procedures, orusing modified operating conditions. D41753.1.10 overhead, nin internal combustion engines, the components of the valve-train located in o
33、r above the cylinder head.D68383.1.11 reference oil, nan oil of known performance characteristics, used as a basis for comparison.D7484 1233.1.11.1 DiscussionReference oils are used to calibrate testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or to evaluate other materials (suchas seal
34、s) that interact with oils. D41753.1.12 sludge, nin internal combustion engines, a deposit, principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation productsfrom fuel combustion and the lubricant, that does not drain from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth. D41753.1.13 test oil, na
35、ny oil subjected to evaluation in an established procedure. D41753.1.14 valve-train, nin internal combustion engines, the series of components such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms, pushrods and camshaft, that open and close the intake and exhaust valves. D68383.1.15 wear, nthe loss of material fr
36、om a surface, generally occurring between two surfaces in relative motion, and resultingfrom mechanical or chemical action or a combination of both. D41753.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 lug, vin internal combustion engine operation, to run the engine in a condition character
37、ized by a combined mode ofrelatively low-speed and high-power output, with the potential to cause hesitation.3.2.2 ramp, vto change an engine condition at a prescribed rate when changing from one set of operating conditions to anotherset of operating conditions.3.2.2.1 DiscussionWhen ramping the eng
38、ine speed down to a condition such that the engine lugs, the speed is forced down by increasing the torquein a such a way that the speed comes to idle before zero torque condition is reached.3.2.3 tappet, nin internal combustion engines, a valve-train component, located between the camshaft and push
39、 rod, thattransfers cam lobe travel to the rocker arm, opening and closing a pair of intake or exhaust valves.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses a Cummins ISB diesel engine with 5.9 L displacement, equipped with exhaust gas recirculation andfeaturing an EPA2004 emissions configuratio
40、n. Test operation includes a 17 min warm-up, an 80 h break-in, and a 350 h test cyclecomprising stages A and B. During stage A the engine is operated with retarded, fuel-injection timing to generate excess soot;during stage B the engine is operated at cyclic conditions to induce valve-train wear.4.2
41、 Prior to each test, the engine is cleaned and assembled with new, valve-train components. All aspects of the assembly arespecified.4.3 A forced oil drain, an oil sampling, and an oil addition are performed at the end of each 25 h period for the first 100 h ofthe test. Thereafter, oil samples are ta
42、ken every 50 h. Oil additions are not made during the last 250 h of the test cycle.4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instrumentation to control engine speed, fuel flow and other operatingparameters.4.5 Oil performance is determined by assessing crosshead wear, tappet weight loss an
43、d camshaft wear.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear underoperating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle dieselengine wi
44、th sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor,along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test r
45、esults.6. Apparatus6.1 Test-Engine Configuration:6.1.1 Test EngineThe Cummins ISB is an in-line, six-cylinder, diesel engine with a displacement of 5.9 L. It is turbocharged,aftercooled, and has an overhead valve configuration. It features a 2004 emissions configuration with electronic control of fu
46、elD7484 124metering and common rail fuel injection. Obtain the test engine and the engine build parts kit from the Central Parts Distributor(CPD).4,5 The components of the engine build parts kit are shown in Table A3.1.6.1.2 Remote Oil Heat Exchanger and Bypass PlateRemove the stock oil heat exchang
47、er from the engine and replace witha bypass plate (part number ISB-OCBP)4,5 shown in Fig. A4.1. Attach a remote bypass (part number 149-0118-00)5,6 to the filterhead, as shown in Fig. A4.2. The bypass allows control of the oil temperature by directing the oil to flow through a 76 mm 102mm dual-pass,
48、 remote oil heat exchanger (part number SN16-003-014-004)5,7 as shown in Fig.A4.3. The oil lines to and from theremote oil heat exchanger and filter head shall not be greater than 1000 mm long and shall be 19.3 mm nominal outer diametertubing (Aeroquip8 “-12” or equivalent).6.1.3 Oil Pan Modificatio
49、nModify the oil pan as shown in Fig. A4.4.6.1.4 Engine Control Module (ECM)Obtain the ECM from the CPD.4,5 Information about the ECM is given in a Cumminspublication.9, 10 Use the latest Cummins engineering tools10 to retard injection timing in order to increase soot generation andoverhead wear. Verify that the 2004 EPA calibration is used. Some engine protection protocols have been disabled to ensure thatthe test is run according to the procedure. Obtain prior authorization and instructions from Cummins Inc.11 on how to disable theengine protec
