1、Designation: D7489 09 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forEvaluating Touch-Up Properties of Architectural Coatingsunder Various Environmental Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice determines the ability of a paint to berecoated or “touched u
3、p” in small areas. Variations in color,gloss, and sheen that result in a different appearance from theoriginal paint can be evaluated visually.1.2 This practice describes evaluation of touch-up charac-teristics in a laboratory-scale controlled environment as op-posed to a full-scale field environmen
4、t.1.3 Evaluation of touch-up properties under constant dryingconditions is described. Environmental conditions can beadjusted to incorporate high or low temperature drying , orboth. The changes in application temperature can lead to largerdifferences in touch-up than applying both coats under thesam
5、e environmental conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations p
6、rior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technica
7、lBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints bythe Visual Evaluation of BrushoutsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1729 Practice for Visu
8、al Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-ationD5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-Roller Covers forEvaluation of Architectural CoatingsD6762 Test Method for Determining the Hiding Power ofPaint
9、by Visual Evaluation of Spray Applied CoatingsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 touch-up, nto repair visual differences in a paintedsurface by recoating small areas with the same paint that wasused for the orig
10、inal coat.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis includes color and sheen differ-ences in the dry film.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Paints, application tools, and drying conditions areselected before starting this practice. Relevant color(s) fortesting and any specific primers should also be selected at thistime.4.2 M
11、ultiple coats of the test paint are applied to a specifiedsubstrate in a prescribed manner to simulate touch-up condi-tions. The results are visually evaluated for variations in color,gloss, and sheen between the touch-up coating and the first andsecond coat.4.3 A qualitative rating scale for the to
12、uch-up result isdescribed.5. Significance and Use5.1 During construction of a home, paints are subjected to awide variety of drying conditions, and this may exhibitdifferences between the original coat and the touched-up areain appearance after its full cure. Therefore, it it essential for thepaint
13、to be able to perform under a wide variety of dryingconditions. A paint that does this is very advantageous to thecontractor.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42
14、 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7489 09 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/D7489-09R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
15、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accor
16、dance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.2 It is possible for a paint t
17、o have excellent color touch-up,but poor sheen touch-up, or vice-versa. The ideal paint willhave both excellent color and sheen touch-up under testingconditions.5.3 Color, gloss and base choice can have a major impact ontouch-up of the paint.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Tinted Test Paint.6.2 Dry Wa
18、ll Panels, Upson Board, or other acceptedmaterial. Minimum size 30 by 30 cm (1 ft by 1 ft).6.3 Primary Applicator, which could be:6.3.1 Good quality paint roller with38 in. nap.6.3.2 Airless spray unit capable of 1000 to 3000 psi andappropriate spray tip.NOTE 1If using an airless spray unit, typical
19、ly a larger test panel isrequired.6.3.3 Other applicators, as agreed upon.6.4 Secondary Applicator, which could be:6.4.1 Good quality paint roller with 1 cm (38 in.) nap.6.4.2 Good quality polyester/nylon paint brush.6.4.3 A natural or synthetic sponge.6.4.4 Other applicators, as agreed upon.6.5 Con
20、trolled Temperature Drying Area/Cabinet, such as:6.5.1 Cold cabinet (refrigerator), maintaining 4 6 2C (406 5F ).6.5.2 Constant temperature room, maintaining 25 6 2C (776 5F).6.5.3 May be done in a cabinet maintained at other tem-peratures or humidities, or both, as agreed.6.6 Gloss Meter (optional)
21、, to read gloss differences on testpanel.6.7 Spectrophotometer (optional), to read color differenceson test panel.6.8 Bench Scale (optional), to measure weight of paintapplied to test.6.9 Ruler (optional), or other measuring device to measurearea of paint application.7. Procedure7.1 Before starting
22、this method, agree upon paints, tintedcolor, applicator types for first coat, second coat and touch-uparea(s), as well as temperature under which each will beapplied and dried.7.2 Select a convenient and suitable spreading rate, mutu-ally agreeable to all parties involved in the testing program,and
23、preferably in the range from 8.6 to 11.0 m2/L (350 to450 ft2/gal). See Appendix X1 for examples of typicaltouch-up applicator and drying conditions.7.2.1 Results may be highly dependent on film thickness;therefore, it is essential that the test paints be weighed onaccurately, particularly for small
24、test areas. The amount ofpaint in grams required for a specific spread rate can bedetermined from the following equation:g 5 Am*D!/Sm!*1000 (1)where:Am = area, square metres,D = density, g/mL or kg/L, andSm = spreading rate, square metres/L.or the following imperial units equation:g 5 A*W!/S!*3.15 (
25、2)where:A = area, sq. in.,W = weight per gal. (Test Method D1475), lb./gal, andS = spreading rate, square ft/gal.NOTE 2The gallon unit here and throughout this test method is the U.S. gallon (3.78 L).NOTE 3To avoid variations in initial gloss, the substrate may requirepriming.7.3 Application of Firs
26、t Coat:7.3.1 The test substrate, applicator for the first coat (appli-cator A) and paint are placed in an area (oven, refrigerator, orconstant temperature room) that corresponds with dryingconditions for first coat (drying conditions A), and allowed toequilibrate for at least 4 h.7.3.2 Applicator is
27、 broken in or conditioned for use (forexample, Practice D5068 for paint brushes and Practice D5069for paint rollers).FIG. 1 Graphic Representation of First and Second Coats and Touch-up AreasD7489 09 (2017)27.3.3 Then, one coat of the test paint is applied to the testsubstrate using the applicator A
28、 at drying conditions A. Anillustration of the series of three application steps is found inFig. 1. The panel is dried for a minimum of 18 h under dryingconditions A.7.3.3.1 (Optional) If spread rates are being determined,measure the weight applied to the test panel using a benchscale, and measure t
29、he length and width of the test area.7.4 Application of Second Coat:7.4.1 The application of second coat step may be omitted ifthe critical touch-up being evaluated is directly over a one-coatapplication.7.4.2 The coated test substrate, applicator for the secondcoat (applicator B), and paint are pla
30、ced in an area (oven,refrigerator, or constant temperature room) that correspondswith drying conditions for second coat (drying conditions B),and allowed to equilibrate for at least 4 h.NOTE 4Applicator B in the field can typically be the same asapplicator A. Therefore it is acceptable that applicat
31、ors A and B can be thesame in some cases. See Table X1.1 for an example.7.4.3 Applicator is broken in or conditioned for use (forexample, Practice D5068 for paint brushes and Practice D5069for paint rollers).7.4.4 Then, the second coat of the test paint is applied to aportion of the coated test subs
32、trate (roughly 50 %) using theapplicator B at drying conditions B. The panel is dried for aminimum of 18 h under drying conditions B.7.4.4.1 (Optional) If spread rates are being determined,measure the weight applied and test area as in 7.3.3.1.7.5 Application of the Touch-up Coat:7.5.1 The test pane
33、l, applicator for the touch-up coat (ap-plicator C), and paint are placed in an area (oven, refrigerator,or constant temperature room) that corresponds with dryingconditions for the touch-up coat (drying conditions C), andallowed to equilibrate for at least 4 h.7.5.2 Applicator is broken in or condi
34、tioned for use (forexample, Practice D5068 for paint brushes and Practice D5069for paint rollers).7.5.3 Then, the touch-up coat of the test paint is applied toa portion of the test panel, (roughly in the middle of the panel,overlapping both the first and second coat) using the applicatorC at drying
35、conditions C. The panel is dried for a minimum of18 h under drying conditions C.7.5.3.1 (Optional) If spread rates are being determined,measure the weight applied and test area as in 7.3.3.1.7.6 After 24 h dry time, remove panel to laboratory andinspect visually for differences in color and gloss.8.
36、 Evaluation Procedure8.1 Viewing Conditions for Color DifferenceDeterminationWhen the test and comparison paint panels arethoroughly dry, place them vertically against a flat surface andview them for a distance of 0.6 to3m(2to10ft)underillumination conditions as described in 9.1.1.8.2 Viewing Condit
37、ions for Gloss DifferenceDeterminationWhen the paint panels are thoroughly dry,place them vertically against a flat surface and view them froma distance of 0.3 to 1.5 m (1 to 5 ft) under illuminationconditions as described in 9.2.1.8.3 Qualitative Evaluation:8.3.1 Refer to Test Method D344, Practice
38、 D1729, and TestMethod D6762 for suggestions on visual evaluation of thepanels.8.3.2 If the color or gloss difference between section A andsection B for the test panel are small (not readily apparent), thedifference is considered very good, whereas major differencesare considered poor. See rating ch
39、art in 9.3.8.4 Quantitative Evaluation (optional):8.4.1 Refer to Test Method D523 for measuring instrumen-tal gloss values of the panel sections.8.4.2 Refer to Test Method E1347 for measuring instrumen-tal color values and differences of the panel sections.9. Report9.1 Examine the difference in COLO
40、R visually of thetouched-up versus either the one-coated or two-coated section.9.1.1 Note: Evaluate COLOR head-on (perpendicular) tothe panel to eliminate any visual differences in color that maybe present due to differences in gloss. The lighting can be asagreed upon (fluorescent, incandescent, day
41、light, etc. Forinterior paints, typical lighting used is CIE F2 (or CWF), andfor exterior paints typical lighting used is D65.)9.1.2 Note: Typically a hand-held spectrophotometer can beused to back-up visual inspection with numerical differences,but visual determination of color is still the preferr
42、ed method.9.2 Examine the difference in gloss/gloss visually of thetouched-up versus either the one-coated or two-coated section.9.2.1 Note: View this gloss at different angles. Usually themost severe angle is almost parallel to the surface for matte orflat paints.9.2.2 Note: Typically a gloss meter
43、 will not easily pick upthe visual differences in sheen, but may be used to recordnumerical values if desired.9.3 Qualitative rating system for both COLOR and GLOSSdifferences (report as two separate ratings for each comparison(touch-up area versus first coat area, touch-up area versussecond coat ar
44、ea, first coat area versus second coat area):Inasmuch as some observations are subjective, they havebeen rated using the following ASTM Standardized ScoringSystem in order to avoid lengthy descriptions:Score Performance or Effect5 Perfect None4 Very good Very slight3 Good Moderate2 Fair Considerable
45、1 Poor Severe0 No value Complete failure9.3.1 As described in 9.1.2 and 9.2.2, instrumental readingsof color difference (typically L*a*b* E) and gloss difference(usually 85 gloss) can also be reported, as agreed upon.9.3.2 Depending on what is agreed upon, the informationreported can include:9.3.2.1
46、 Color and gloss difference between first coat andsecond coat, visual or instrumental, or both.D7489 09 (2017)39.3.2.2 Color and gloss difference between first coat andtouch-up section, visual or instrumental, or both.9.3.2.3 Color and gloss difference between second coat andtouch-up section, visual
47、 or instrumental, or both.9.4 Report applicators and drying conditions for each por-tion.9.5 Record any unique conditions (colorants used to tintcolors, tint bases used, etc.).10. Keywords10.1 color difference; latex paint; sheen difference; touch-upAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. INFORMATIONA
48、L APPENDIXX1.1 Included in Tables X1.1-X1.5 are some examples ofapplicators and drying conditions for a few typical touch-upscenarios.X1.1.1 Other combinations of applicators and drying con-ditions can be used.X1.2 Colors typically used may include:X1.2.1 A beige color, typically made of yellow oxid
49、e,brown oxide and umber.X1.2.2 A blue-green color, typically made of organic blue,organic green and black.X1.2.3 A blue tinted color.X1.2.4 Note: Straight white will not show color touch-up.TABLE X1.1 Typical Lab Touch-up ScenarioApplicator Drying ConditionsFirst Coat 1 cm (38 in.) nap roller 5 1C (40 2F) and205%RHSecond Coat 1 cm (38 in.) nap roller 20 1C (72 2F) and505%RHTouch-up Polyester/nylon blendpaint brush201C(722F)and505%RHTABLE X1.2 DIY Type Touch-up ScenarioApplicator Drying ConditionsFirst Coat 1 cm (38 in.) nap roller 20
