1、Designation: D7496 17Standard Test Method forViscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt FurolViscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7496; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method utilizes the Saybolt Furol viscometer tomeasure the consistency of emulsified asphalt. It is applicableto all
3、 the emulsified asphalts specified in Specifications D977and D2397.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
4、is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on s
5、tandard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD977
6、Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD2397 Specification for Cationic Emulsified AsphaltE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resis-tance Thermometers3. Significance and
7、Use3.1 Viscosity has significance in the use of emulsifiedasphalts because it is a property which affects their utility.When used in application types of construction, the materialmust be thin enough to be uniformly applied through the spraybar of distributor, yet thick enough so that it will not fl
8、ow fromthe crown or grade of the road. For mixing-grade emulsions,the viscosity may affect mixibility and resulting thickness offilm on the aggregate. The viscosity of many emulsifiedasphalts is affected by shear. Therefore, strict adherence to testprocedure is necessary to achieve precision.4. Samp
9、le Conditioning for Testing4.1 All emulsified asphalts shall be properly stirred toachieve homogeneity before testing.4.2 All emulsified asphalts with the viscosity testing re-quirements of 50 C shall be heated to 50 6 3Cintheoriginal sample container in a water bath or oven. Thecontainer should be
10、vented to relieve pressure.After the samplereaches 50 6 3 C, stir the sample to achieve homogeneity.4.3 Emulsified asphalts with a viscosity testing require-ments to 25 C should be mixed or stirred at 25 6 3Cintheoriginal sample container to achieve homogeneity.NOTE 1Emulsified asphalts with viscosi
11、ty testing requirements of25 C may be heated and stirred as specified in 4.2, if necessary. In theevent the method described in 4.2 is used, the sample should be cooled to25 6 3 C and stirred before testing.5. Apparatus5.1 ViscometerA Saybolt Furol viscometer conforming tothe requirements specified
12、in Test Method D88.5.2 SieveAn 850-m sieve or a 20-mesh strainer of wirecloth, framed or unframed. Refer to Specification E11.5.3 ThermometersOne of the following:5.3.1 ASTM No. 17C for tests at 25 C and ASTM No. 19Cfor tests at 50 C, conforming to the requirements of Specifi-cation E1.5.3.2 Aplatin
13、um resistance thermometer (PRT) with a probewhich conforms to the requirements of Specification E1137/E1137M, readable to 0.1 C. The PRT shall havea3or4wireconnection configuration and the overall sheath length shall beat least 50 mm greater than the immersion depth.1This test method is under the ju
14、risdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.42 onEmulsified Asphalt Test.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7496 11. DOI:10.1520
15、/D7496-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
16、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issu
17、ed by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.3.3 A metal-sheathed thermistor with a sensor similar inconstruction to the PRT described in 5.3.2, readable to 0.1 C.5.4 Water Bath or Oven, capable of maintaining the requiredtesting temperature within the limits spe
18、cified in Section 7.5.5 Receiving Flask, as shown in Test Method D88.6. Hazards6.1 WarningMercury has been designated by the EPAand many state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosi
19、ve tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury-containing products. See the applicable product SDS(Safety Data Sheet) for details and the EPAs website(www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information.Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing pr
20、oducts (or both) in your state may be prohibitedby state law.7. Procedure7.1 Tests at 25 CClean and dry the viscometer and insertthe stopper or cork. Follow either Procedure A or B below:7.1.1 Procedure APour approximately 100 mL of theemulsified asphalt into a 400-mLglass beaker. Immerse bottomof t
21、he beaker containing the emulsified asphalt approximately50 mm below the level of a 25 C water bath. Hold the beakerupright and stir the emulsified asphalt with a wide circularmotion at a rate of 60 revolutions per minute with thethermometric device to obtain uniform temperature distribu-tion. Avoid
22、 incorporation of bubbles. Pour the sample into theviscometer through the 850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer untilit is above the overflow rim. Stir the emulsified asphalt in theviscometer with the thermometric device, avoiding bubbleformation. Adjust the viscometer bath temperature until theemulsified
23、 asphalt temperature remains constant for 1 min at 256 0.1 C. Withdraw the thermometric device. Quickly removethe excess of emulsified asphalt from the gallery with a suctionpipet or a vacuum hose. Determine the viscosity as described inTest Method D88. Report the results to the nearest full second.
24、7.1.2 Procedure BPour the sample of emulsified asphaltinto an appropriately sized (approximately 120 mL) bottle.Place the sealed bottle into a water bath maintained at 25 C for30 min. Remove the bottle from the bath and mix the sampleby inverting the bottle several times slowly enough to avoidbubble
25、 formation. Pour the sample into the viscometer throughthe 850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer until it is above theoverflow rim. Stir the emulsified asphalt in the viscometer withthe thermometric device, avoiding bubble formation. Adjustthe viscometer bath temperature until the emulsified asphalttemper
26、ature remains constant for 1 min at 25 6 0.1 C.Withdraw the thermometric device. Quickly remove the excessof emulsified asphalt from the gallery with a suction pipet or avacuum hose. Determine the viscosity as described in TestMethod D88. Report the results to the nearest full second.7.2 Tests at 50
27、 CClean and dry the viscometer and insertthe stopper or cork. Follow either Procedure A or B below:7.2.1 Procedure AIf the sample of emulsified asphalt iscooler than 50 C, heat the sample to 50 6 3Cina716 3Cwater bath or oven. Stir the sample thoroughly withoutincorporating bubbles, and then pour ap
28、proximately 100 mLinto a 400-mL glass beaker. Immerse the bottom of the beakercontaining the emulsified asphalt approximately 50 mm belowthe level of a 71 6 3 C water bath. Hold the beaker uprightand stir the emulsified asphalt with a wide circular motion at arate of 60 revolutions per minute with t
29、he thermometric deviceto obtain uniform temperature distribution. Avoid incorpora-tion of bubbles. Heat the emulsified asphalt in the water bath to51.4 6 0.3 C. Immediately pour the emulsified asphaltthrough the 850-m sieve or 20-mesh strainer into the viscom-eter until it is above the overflow rim.
30、 Stir the emulsifiedasphalt in the viscometer at 60 revolutions per minute with thethermometric device, avoiding bubble formation. Adjust thebath temperature until the emulsified asphalt temperatureremains constant for 1 min at 50 6 0.1 C. Withdraw thethermometric device. Quickly remove the excess o
31、f emulsifiedasphalt from the gallery with a suction pipet or a vacuum hose.Determine the viscosity as described in Test Method D88.Report the results to the nearest full second.7.2.2 Procedure BPour the sample of emulsified asphaltinto an appropriately sized (approximately 120 mL) bottle.Place the s
32、ealed bottle into a water bath or oven maintained at51.4 6 0.3 C for 30 min. Remove the bottle from the bath oroven and mix the sample by inverting the bottle several timesslowly enough to avoid bubble formation. Pour the sample intothe viscometer through the 850-m sieve or 20-mesh straineruntil it
33、is above the overflow rim. Stir the emulsified asphalt inthe viscometer at 60 revolutions per minute with the thermo-metric device, avoiding bubble formation. Adjust the bathtemperature until the emulsified asphalt temperature remainsconstant for 1 min at 50 6 0.1 C. Withdraw the thermometricdevice.
34、 Quickly remove the excess of emulsified asphalt fromthe gallery with a suction pipet or a vacuum hose. Determinethe viscosity as described in Test Method D88. Report theresults to the nearest full second.NOTE 2While the Saybolt Furol viscometer is not used for petroleumproducts and lubricants when
35、the time of flow is less than 25 s, thisinstrument is satisfactory for testing emulsified asphalt when the time offlow is not less than 20 s.NOTE 3Special care must be taken when stirring samples withmercury thermometers to avoid breakage and releasing of mercury. SeeSection 6.8. Precision and Bias8
36、.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % probability).38.1.1 Duplicate results by the same operator should not beconsidered suspect unless they differ by more than the follow-ing amount:3Research Reports RR:D04-1035 and RR:D04-1036 present the results of
37、 theinterlaboratory study used to establish the precision and bias statement for ASTMD7496, Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Emulsified Asphalt by Saybolt FurolViscometer. The collaborative study included respectively 14 labs and 17 labs whoused Test Method D7496 to analyze the viscosity of sev
38、eral types of emulsifiedasphalt of varying viscosity levels, including three different standards. The researchreports present summary method performance statistics as well as the measurementdata used to calculate results for the study.D7496 172Test TemperatureCViscositysRepeatability% of the mean25
39、25 to 200 6.750 75 to 400 10.88.1.2 The results submitted by each of two laboratoriesshould not be considered suspect unless they differ by morethan the following amount:Test TemperatureCViscositysReproducibility% of the mean25 25 to 200 2250 75 to 400 889. Keywords9.1 asphalt; emulsified asphalt; e
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