1、Designation: D 7518 09Standard Specification for1,3 Propanediol (PDO) Base Engine Coolant for Automobileand Light-Duty Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for 1,3 pro-panediol base engine coolants used in automobil
3、es or otherlight-duty service cooling systems.When concentrates are usedat 40 to 70 % concentration by volume in water, or whenprediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volume % mini-mum) are used without further dilution, they will functioneffectively to provide protection against freezing, boilin
4、g, andcorrosion.1.2 The coolants governed by this specification are catego-rized as follows:Coolant Type DescriptionI 1,3 Propanediol base concentrateII 1,3 Propanediol predilute (50 vol %)NOTE 1This specification is based on the knowledge of the perfor-mance of engine coolants prepared from new or
5、virgin ingredients.NOTE 2This specification applies to automobiles and light-dutyservice. A specification for heavy-duty engine service is under develop-ment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard
6、 does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
7、Standards:2D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD 1119 Test Method for Percent Ash Content of EngineCoolantsD 1120 Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine CoolantsD 1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of EngineCoolants and AntirustsD 1122 Test Met
8、hod for Density or Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By TheHydrometerD 1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent MethodD 1126 Test Method for Hardness in WaterD 1177 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous EngineCoolants
9、D 1287 Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Anti-rustsD 1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD 1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolantsin GlasswareD 1881 Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of EngineCoolants in GlasswareD 1882 Test Method for Effect of Cooling System ChemicalSolutions
10、 on Organic Finishes for Automotive VehiclesD 1888 Methods of Test for Particulate and DissolvedMatter in Water3D 2570 Test Method for Simulated Service Corrosion Test-ing of Engine CoolantsD 2809 Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With En-gi
11、ne CoolantsD 3321 Test Method for Use of the Refractometer for FieldTest Determination of the Freezing Point of AqueousEngine CoolantsD 3634 Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in EngineCoolantsD 4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by ChemicallySuppressed Ion ChromatographyD 4340 Test Method for Cor
12、rosion of Cast AluminumAlloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Condi-tionsD 4725 Terminology for Engine CoolantsD 5827 Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant forChloride and Other Anions by Ion Chromatography1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 onEngine Cool
13、ants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.07 onSpecifications.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published May 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
14、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 5931 Test Me
15、thod for Density and Relative Density ofEngine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-ants by Digital Density MeterD 6130 Test Method for Determination of Silicon and OtherElements in Engine Coolant by Inductively CoupledPlasma-Atomic Emission SpectroscopyD 6660 Test Method for Freezing Point
16、of Aqueous Ethyl-ene Glycol Base Engine Coolants by Automatic PhaseTransition MethodD 7388 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade 1,3-Propanediol (PDO)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 394 Test Method for Iron in Trace Quantities Usin
17、g the1,10-Phenanthroline Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 PDO base engine coolant, nan engine coolant inwhich the freeze point depressant is 1,3 propylene, withinhibitors to minimize foaming and corrosion.3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this specifica-tion, refer to Terminology
18、 D 4725.4. General Requirements4.1 Engine coolant concentrates or prediluted PDO baseengine coolants shall be formulated with 1,3 propanediolmeeting Specification D 7388, water, and suitable corrosioninhibitors, dye, and a foam suppressor.4.2 PDO base engine coolant concentrates (Type I) may notcont
19、ain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,tetraethylene glycol. Similarly, prediulted PDO base coolants(Type II) may not contain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol.4.3 All engine coolant concentrates or prediluted PDO baseengine coolants shal
20、l conform to the general requirementsgiven in Table 1.4.4 Prediluted PDO (Type II) base engine coolants shall beformulated using water that meets the following requirements:Property Specific Values ASTM Test MethodChlorides, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 25 (1.5) max D 512, D 4327, D 5827Sulfate, g/g (ppm (
21、grains/gal) 50 (3.0) max D 516, D 4327, D 5827Hardness, as CaCo3, g/g(ppm (grains/gal)20 (1.2) max D 1126, D 6130pH 5.5 to 8.5 D 1287, D 1293Iron, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 1.0 (0.06) max D 6130, E 394NOTE 3Prediluted coolants are intended for direct addition to anengine-cooling system with no further d
22、ilution. However, if circumstancesrequire addition and prediluted aqueous engine coolant is no available, usethe appropriate engine-coolant concentrate (Type I) diluted to 50 volume% with water of at least the quality outlined in Table X1.1.4.5 When diluting engine-coolant concentrates for actualser
23、vice, the water should be of such quality that it does notcontain excessive solids, hardness salts, or chlorides. In theabsence of specific recommendations from the engine orvehicle manufacturers, see Appendix X1,orTable X1.1.Ifsuch water is not available, use deionized (demineralized) ordistilled w
24、ater. This procedure will minimize the formation ofhard-water scale and avoid the introduction of mineral com-ponents, such as chlorides and sulfates, which can increase thecorrosion rate of aluminum and iron.4.6 When installed in accordande with the vehicle manufac-turers recommendations and those
25、on the product label, enginecoolant concentrates or prediluted glycol-base engine coolantsshall be suitable for use in a properly maintained coolingsystem (Appendix X1.1) in normal light-duty service for aminimum of one year without adversely affecting fluid flowand heat transfer.5. Detailed Require
26、ments5.1 Glycol-base coolant concentrates and prediluted cool-ants shall conform to the physical and chemical requirementsprescribed in Table 2 depending on coolant type (see 1.2).5.2 The requirements listed in Table 2 for prediluted coolant(Type II) are prescribed for the coolant as packaged, witho
27、utfurther dilution or adjustment.5.3 All coolant concentrates and prediluted coolants shallconform to the performance requirements listed in Table 3.5.4 Coolant concentrates shall be diluted for performancetesting as described in the individual ASTM test methods.5.5 If necessary, the freezing point
28、of prediluted coolantsshall be adjusted with deionized water before proceeding withTABLE 1 General RequirementsProperty Specific Values ASTM Test MethodColor Distinctive .Effect on nonmetals No adverse effect under considerationTABLE 2 Physical and Chemical RequirementsPropertyType I Type IIASTM Tes
29、tMethodRelative density, 15.5/15.5C (60/60F)1.050 to 1.065 1.025 min D 1122, D 5931Freezing point,AC (F):50 vol % in DI water27.8 (18.0) max D 1177, D 6660Undiluted 27.8 (18.0)maxBoiling pointBC (F): D 112050 vol % in DI water 102 (215) minUndiluted 180 (356) min 102 (215) minAsh content, mass % 5 m
30、ax D 1119pH: D 128750 vol % in DI water 7.5 to 11Undiluted 7.5 to 11Chloride, g.g 25 max 25 max D 3634C,D 5827CWater, mass % 5 max not applicable D 1123Reserve alkalinity, mL reportDreportDD 1121Effect on automobile finish(use clear coat thermoseturethane or acrylicurethane finish)no effect no effec
31、t D 1882EAFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observedvalue shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method ofPractice E29.BSome precipitate may be observed at the en
32、d of the test. This should not because for rejection.CIn case of dispute, D 3634 shall be the preferred test method.DValue as agreed upon between the supplier and the customer.ECurrently, many vehicle manufacturers prepare test panels using the specificpaint finishes employed on their actual product
33、s. Coolant suppliers and vehiclemanufacturers should agree on the exact test procedures and acceptance criteriaon an individual basis.D7518092performance testing. The freezing point of prediluted PDObase coolants (Type II) shall be 27.8C (18.0F).5.6 Adjusted, prediluted engine-coolant performance te
34、stsolutions shall be prepared as described in Table 3, FootnotesB through F.6. Keywords6.1 1,3-propanediol; engine coolant; engine coolant concen-trate; light-duty engine coolant; PDO; prediluted enginecoolantAPPENDIXESX1. COOLANT SYSTEM MAINTENANCEX1.1 Filling the Cooling System:X1.1.1 Before insta
35、lling engine coolant, the cooling systemshould be inspected and necessary service work completed.X1.1.2 Cooling system fill should consist of coolant con-centrate and water or prediluted glycol-base engine coolant (50volume % minimum).X1.1.3 When preparing solutions, the water should be ofsuch quali
36、ty that it does not contain excessive solids, hardnesssalts, sulfates, or chlorides. In the absence of specific recom-mendations from the engine or vehicle manufacturer, see TableX1.1. Contact your local water department, the responsiblegovernment agency, or submit a water sample for analysis, ifthe
37、re is a question on water quality.X1.1.4 The recommneded coolant concentration is 40 to 70%.X1.2 Essential Cooling System Service:X1.2.1 Check coolant concentration (freeze point). Themost accurate and preferred means of determining coolantconcentration is by the refractometer (see X2.1 and TableX2.
38、1).X1.2.2 Check coolant level and condition. Replace coolantat service intervals recommended by the engine manufacturer,vehicle manufacturer, or designated service organization. Fol-low recommended practices.TABLE 3 Performance RequirementsAPropertySpecific Values ASTM Test MethodTest Solution Conce
39、ntration,vol % GlycolCorrosion in glassware D 1384B33Weight loss, mg/specimencoppersolderbrasssteelcast ironaluminum10 max30 max10 max10 max10 max30 maxSimulated service testWeight loss, mg/specimencoppersolderbrasssteelcast ironaluminum20 max60 max20 max20 max20 max60 maxD 2570C44Corrosion of Cast
40、Aluminum Alloys at Heat-Rejecting Surfaces, mg/cm2/week 1.0 max D 4340D25FoamingVolume, mLBreak time, s150 max5 maxD 1881E33Cavitation-ErosionRating for pitting, cavitation, and erosion of the water pump8min D 2809F17AFor engine-coolant concentrates, test solutions shall be prepared in accordance wi
41、th the directions provided in the individualASTM test methods noted. For predilutedengine coolants, prepare test solutions using the directions provided in footnotes B through F.BFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product wit
42、h 33 volume % ASTM Type IV reagent water.Add 99 mg of sodium sulfate, 110 mg of sodium chloride, and 92 mg of sodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.CFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 88 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 12 volume % ASTM Typ
43、e IV reagent water.Add 83 mg of sodium sulfate, 92 mg of sodium chloride, and 77 mg of sodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.DFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 50 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 50 volume % ASTM Type IV reagent water.Add
44、165 mg of sodium chloride per litre of test solution.EFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 67 volume % of the adjusted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 33 volume % ASTM Type II reagent water.FFor prediluted coolants, prepare the test solution by mixing 33 volume % of the adj
45、usted (see 4.6) prediluted product with 67 volume % ASTM Type IV reagent water.Add 123 mg of sodium sulfate, 137 mg of sodium chloride, and 115 mg of sodium bicarbonate per litre of test solution.TABLE X1.1 Suggested Water Quality LimitsAProperty Specific Values ASTM Test MethodTotal solids, g/g (pp
46、m (grains/gal) 340 (20) max D 1888Total hardness, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 170 (10) max D 1126, D 6130Chlorides, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 40 (2.4) max D 512, D 4327,D 5827Sulfate, g/g (ppm (grains/gal) 100 (5.9) max D 516, D 4327,D 5827pH 5.5 9.0 D 1287, D 1293AAdopted from a survey by the Committee D15 W
47、ater Quality Task Force.D7518093X1.2.3 Pressure test system for leaks (preferably whencold).X1.2.4 Test pressure cap and inspect radiator filler neck.X1.2.5 Inspect hoses and tighten hose connections.X1.2.6 Inspect drive belts and check for proper tension.X1.2.7 Test thermostat if the engine is runn
48、ing too hot or toocold. Replace with a thermostat recommended by the manu-facturer.X1.3 Premix coolant concentrate and water before addingto the cooling system.X1.4 When preparing additions or when replacing thecoolant in the engine system, use only clean, low mineralcontent water. Table X1.1 provid
49、es suggestions for properwater quality limits.X1.5 CautionDo not remove the radiator pressure capwhen the engine is hot. The cooling system will likely be underpressure. When the engine has cooled, carefully turn to the firstnotch to vent the system pressure, and then remove. If coolantoverflows when the cup is vented, immediately retighten andpermit the system to cool further.X2. DETERMINATION OF FREEZE POINTX2.1 If 1,3 propanediol (PDO), propylene glycol (PG) basecoolants and ethylene glycol (EG) base coolants are mixed ina cooling system, prob
