1、Designation: D7547 17aD7547 18 An American National StandardStandard Specification forHydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of aviation gasoline under contract a
3、nd is intendedprimarily for use by purchasing agencies.1.2 Unleaded aviation gasoline defined by this specification is for use in engines and associated aircraft that are specificallyapproved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers. This fuel is not considered suitable for use in other engines and
4、associatedaircraft that are certified to use only leaded aviation gasolines of the same octane grade.1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded aviation gasoline at the timeand place of delivery.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regard
5、ed as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental pract
6、ices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Rec
7、ommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Product
8、s by Copper Strip TestD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D909 Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation GasolineD1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviatio
9、n FuelsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
10、D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4
11、052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 P
12、ractice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.02 on Spark and Compression Ignition Avi
13、ation Engine Fuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017May 1, 2018. Published October 2017June 2018. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2017 asD7547 17.D7547 17a. DOI: 10.1520/D7547-17A.10.1520/D7547-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org,
14、 or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes
15、have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official
16、document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combus
17、tion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by
18、X-Ray SpectroscopyD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fue
19、ls and Fuel SystemsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 unleaded aviation gasoline, ngasoline possessing specific properties suitable for fueling aircraft powered byreciprocating spark ignition engines,
20、 where lead is not intentionally added for the purpose of enhancing octane performance.3.1.1.1 DiscussionPrincipal properties include volatility limits, stability, detonation-free performance in the engine for which it is intended, andsuitability for low temperature performance.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2
21、.1 ULunleaded.4. Classification4.1 Two grades of unleaded aviation gasoline are provided, known as: Grades UL91 and UL94.3NOTE 1Grades UL91 and UL94 are based on their octane number as measured by Test Method D2700 motor method.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Unleaded aviation gasoline, except as ot
22、herwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refinedhydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or blends, thereof, with synthetic hydrocarbons or aromatichydrocarbons, or both.5.2 AdditivesThese may be added to each grade of unleaded aviation gasoline in the
23、amount and of the composition specifiedin the following list of approved materials. The quantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer. Additives added afterthe point of manufacture shall also be declared.5.2.1 AntioxidantsThe following oxidation inhibitors may be added to the gasoline s
24、eparately, or in combination, in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.5.2.1.2 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.5.2.1.3 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary buty
25、lphenol plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.5.2.1.5 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 % maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl tertiarybutylphenols.5.2.1.7
26、 N,N-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.5.2.1.8 N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.5.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of the following may be used:5.2.2.1 Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordance with the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type II). May beused in conc
27、entrations recommended by the aircraft manufacturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.NOTE 2Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) can reduce knock ratings below minimum specification values (see X1.2.3).45.2.2.2 Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME), conforming to the requirements o
28、f Specification D4171 (Type III)may be used in concentrations of 0.10 % volume to 0.15 % volume when required by the aircraft owner/operator.5.2.2.3 Test Method D5006 may be used to determine the concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headq
29、uarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1859. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1526.D7547 1825.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveSta
30、dis 4505 in concentrations up to 3 mgL is permitted. When loss of fuel conductivitynecessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, further addition is permissible up to a maximum cumulative level of5 mgL of Stadis 450.55.2.4 Corrosion Inhibitor AdditiveThe following corrosion inhibit
31、ors may be added to the gasoline in concentrations not toexceed the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) listed for each additive.DCI-4A MAC = 24 g/m3DCI-6A MAC = 15 g/m3HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m3UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g/m3SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m
32、3TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m36. Detailed Requirements6.1 The unleaded aviation gasoline shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for
33、the precision of the test methods. To determine the conformance to the specification requirement, a test result may berounded to the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, theaverage result, rounded according to Practice E29, shal
34、l be used.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The unleaded aviation gasoline specified in this specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. The odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating. No substances of known dangerous toxicity under usual co
35、nditionsof handling and use shall be present.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the importance of proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures inPractice D4057 or Practice D4177.8.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice D4177 may be useful in certain situ
36、ations, initial refinery specificationcompliance testing shall be performed on a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.8.2 A number of unleaded aviation gasoline properties, including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are verysensitive to trace contamination which c
37、an originate from sample containers. For recommended sample containers, refer to PracticeD4306.9. Report9.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedto by the purchaser and the supplier of the unleaded aviation gasoline.
38、10. Test Methods10.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:10.1.1 Knock Value (MON)Test Method D2700.10.1.2 DensityTest Methods D1298 or D4052.10.1.3 DistillationTest Method D86.10.1.4 Vapor PressureTest Methods D323 o
39、r D5191.10.1.5 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.10.1.6 SulfurTest MethodMethods D2622 or D5453.10.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Methods D4529, D3338, or D4809.10.1.8 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Test Method D130, 2 h test at 100 C in bomb.10.1.9 Potential GumTest Method D873 except that wherever the lett
40、er X occurs (referring to oxidation time) insert thenumber 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in this specification.10.1.10 Water ReactionTest Method D1094.10.1.11 Electrical ConductivityTest Method D2624.10.1.12 Lead ContentTest Method D3237 and D5059.5 Stadis is a registered trademark m
41、arketed by Innospec, Inc., Innospec Manufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.D7547 18311. Keywords11.1 Avgas; aviation gasoline; gasoline; unleaded Avgas; unleaded aviation gasolineTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Unleaded Aviation GasolinesAGradeUL91GradeUL94 ASTM
42、 Test MethodBPropertyCOMBUSTIONNet heat of combustion, MJ/kgD min 43.5 43.5 D4529 or D3338Octane RatingCKnock value, Motor Octane NumberE min 91.0 94.0 D2700COMPOSITIONSulfur, mass percent max 0.05 0.05 D2622 or D5453FTetraethyl lead, g Pb/L max 0.0130 0.0130 D3237 or D5059Requirements for All Grade
43、sVOLATILITYVapor pressure, 38 C, kPa minmax38.049.0D323 or D5191FVapor pressure, 38 C, kPa minmax38.049.0D323 or D5191GDensity at 15 C, kg/m3 Report D1298 or D4052Distillation, C D86Initial boiling point ReportFuel Evaporated10 volume percent at C max 7540 volume percent at C min 7550 volume percent
44、 at C max 10590 volume percent at C max 135Final boiling point max 170Sum of 10 % + 50 % evaporated tem-peraturesmin 135Recovery volume percent min 97Residue volume percent max 1.5Loss volume percent max 1.5FLUIDITYFreezing point, C max 58G D2386Freezing point, C max 58H D2386CORROSIONCopper strip,
45、2 h at 100 C max No. 1 D130CONTAMINANTSOxidation stability, mg/100 mL(5 h aging)HD873Oxidation stability, mg/100 mL(5 h aging)ID873Potential gum max 6Lead precipitate max 3Water reaction D1094Volume change, mL max 2OTHERElectrical conductivity, pS/m max 450I D2624Electrical conductivity, pS/m max 45
46、0J D2624A For compliance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 6.2.B The test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 10.C If mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier, a minimum 98 octane requirement as per Test Method D909 may be specified.D For
47、all grades use either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529 or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. Test Method D4809 may be used as an alternative. In case of dispute,Test Method D4809 shall be used.E Knock ratings shall be reported to the nearest 0.1 octane/performance number.F Test Method D2622 shall be the
48、 referee sulfur detection method.G Test Method D5191 shall be the referee vapor pressure method.H If no crystals have appeared on cooling to 58 C, the freezing point may be reported as less than 58 C.I If mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier, a 16 h aging gum requirement may b
49、e specified instead of the 5 h aging gum test; in such case thegum content shall not exceed 10 mg/100 mL and the visible lead precipitate shall not exceed 4 mg/100 mL. In such fuel the permissible antioxidant shall not exceed 24mg/L.J Applies only when an electrical conductivity additive is used; when a customer specifies fuel containing conductivity additive, the following conductivity limits shall applyunder the condition at point of use:Minimum 50 pS/mMaximum 450 pS/m.The supplier shall report the amount of additive added.D7547
