1、Designation: D 7548 09Standard Test Method forDetermination of Accelerated Iron Corrosion in PetroleumProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers an accelerated laboratory andfield procedure for the determination of corrosion of iron, inthe
3、 presence of water, on samples such as gasoline and gasolineblended with 10% ethanol, E10 (Specification D 4814);gasoline-blend components (except butane); diesel fuel andbiodiesel B5, except Grade No. 4-D (Specification D 975);biodiesel B6 to B20 (Specification D 7467); diesel-blendcomponent such a
4、s light cycle-oil; No.1 fuel oil, No.2 fuel oil(Specification D 396); aviation turbine fuel (SpecificationD 1655).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
5、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 108 Specification for Steel Bar, Car
6、bon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD 396 Specification for Fuel OilsD 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1655
7、Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 4814 Specification forAutomotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD 7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and CorrosionTesting2.2 Other Standards:070 M20 of BS 970-1 or European Steel C22E number1.115
8、1 Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels includingFree Cutting Steels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 corrosion, nchemical or electrochemical reactionbetween a material, usually a metal, and its environment thatproduces a deterioration of the material and its properties.G153.1.2 rust, ncorrosion prod
9、uct consisting primarily ofhydrated iron oxide.3.1.2.1 DiscussionRust is a term properly applied only toferrous alloys. G153.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 TPtemperature probe.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Apolished iron corrosion test-rod is immersed in 50 mLof the sample being tested and heated to 37.8C (100F),
10、atwhich point 5 mL of reagent water, Type III or better, is addedto the sample. Sample temperature is maintained between 37 to39C (98 to 102F), with the target being 37.8C (100F), for1 h. At the end of the heating period, test-rod is removed,rinsed, and examined for the degree/category of corrosiona
11、gainst the “ASTM Iron Corrosion Rating ChartTest MethodD7548.”5. Significance and Use5.1 In general, wherever the possibility exists of watergetting mixed with products/material (covered under 1.1) theresults obtained by this test method will indicate the degree towhich corrosion of iron components
12、can be expected.5.2 Test also determines the antirust properties of products/material (covered under 1.1) in preparation for the variousstages through which the tested product may pass prior to orduring its transport through a pipeline.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D0
13、2 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved June 15, 2009. Published September 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Ser
14、vice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Test results are also meant to show whe
15、ther or not thedosage levels and type of iron corrosion inhibitor added to aproduct/material (covered under 1.1) is sufficient for achievingthe desired protection of affected assets such as storage tanks,process lines, and shipment systems.6. Apparatus6.1 Stirring Hotplate,3,4Single or multi-positio
16、n (see Ap-pendix X1), ceramic top, capable of accommodating Acceler-ated Iron Corrosion Test (AICT) apparatus specified in A1.1.Stirrer should be capable of stirring at a rate of 900 6 100 rpm.6.2 Water BathBeaker, 150 to 200 mL capacity, borosili-cate glass, containing 100 mL of distilled water, or
17、 other typeof water bath capable of accommodating Accelerated IronCorrosion Test (AICT) apparatus specified in A1.1.6.3 Test JarCylindrical, clear glass, 90-mL capacity, flatbottom, 115 to 125 mm (4.53 to 4.92 in.) in height, 33.2 to 34.8mm (1.31 to 1.37 in.) outside diameter, 30.0 to 32.4 mm (1.18t
18、o 1.28 in.) inside diameter, 1.6 mm (0.06 in.) maximum wallthickness.NOTE 1The pour point test jar specified in Test Method D97meetsthis requirement. A test jar meeting requirements of 6.3 and graduated at50 mL is more suitable.NOTE 2Optionally, to prevent accidental breakage of the test jar, arubbe
19、r O-ring, 32 mm (1.25 in.) inside diameter, and 3 mm (0.12 in.)thick, could be slipped over the test jar up to about 25 mm (1.0 in.) belowits rim.6.4 Cover,4,5Test JarPlastic, such as high density poly-ethylene (HDPE), with three holes, meeting dimensions andfeatures seen and outlined in A1.2.6.5 Co
20、rrosion Test Rod,4,6, 7With a plastic or polytetrafluo-roethylene (PTFE) holder; round, threaded steel rod, tapered atone end; 81 mm (3.19 in.) long, including the 12.7 mm (0.5 in.)long threaded portion, and 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. SeeA1.3. Test rod should be made of steel conforming to Grade
21、1015, 1018, 1020 or 1025 of the Specifications for ColdFinished Carbon Steel Bars and Shafting (Specification A 108,or to 070 M20 of BS 970-1 or European Steel C22E number1.1151). If these steels are unavailable, other equivalent steelsmay be used, provided that they are satisfactory according tocom
22、parative tests using this test method.6.5.1 Holder,4,6Ethanol-resistant plastic or PTFE. Totallength: 63.5 mm (2.5 in.), with a 2-step handle at top which isdisc-type, 22.2 mm (0.875 in.) in diameter by 15.9 mm(0.625 in.) thick. Below this is a circular step or rim which is17.5 mm (0.69 in.) diamete
23、r by 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) thick. Thestem portion of the holder is 41.3 mm (1.625 in.) long by 12.7mm (0.5 in.) in diameter, with a 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) female-threaded hole in the bottom to accept the male-threadedcorrosion rod.6.6 Temperature Probe,4,8Digital, calibrated, with stemabout 200 mm (8 in.) lo
24、ng by 3.0 mm (0.125 in.) in diameterand covering a temperature range of about 20C (68F) to atleast 60C (140F).NOTE 3Calibrated, digital temperature probe, or equivalent calibratedtemperature measurement device, covering a range of -50C (-58F) to+300C (+572F) will be suitable.Alternatively, calibrate
25、d thermocouplesmay be used.6.7 Stirring BarMagnetic, PTFE (polytetrafluoro-ethylene)-coated, 25.4 6 2.54 mm (1.0 6 0.1 in.) long by 8 60.8 mm (0.31 6 0.03 in.) in diameter.6.8 SyringePlastic, 5 mL, with 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) longneedle, 5 cc syringe and needle, or any other equivalent syringeand needle.
26、6.9 Timing DeviceElectronic or manual, capable of mea-suring the test duration with an accuracy of at least 1 %.6.10 Grinding and Polishing ApparatusAny suitable ap-paratus, with a mounting or bench stand, capable of rotating at1700 to 1800 rpm, and having the means to mount a suitablechuck4,9into w
27、hich the corrosion test rod can be screwed in.See A1.4.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagent WaterType III or better, SpecificationD 1193.7.2 Wash Solvent.7.2.1 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane)Minimum99.75% purity. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.2.2 AcetoneMinimum 99.5% purity. (WarningFlammab
28、le. Health hazard.)7.3 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)Prepare 15% solution bydissolving 42 mL of concentrated HCl in 100 mL distilledwater. (WarningCorrosive. Burn hazard.)7.4 Polishing MaterialAbrasive cloth roll4,10; silicon car-bide, C-100 open mesh, 38 mm width by 22.5 m length (1.5 in.by 25 yd) roll.7.
29、5 MagnifierLighted, 23 magnification power.7.6 Lintless Cloth or Tissue.7.7 Camels Hair Brush.7.8 O-ringRubber, about 32 mm (1.25 in.) internal diam-eter, and 3 mm (0.12 in.) thick.7.9 Watch-glassFor covering 150 mL bath beakers, 65mm (2.6 in.) in diameter.7.10 Absorbent Paper TowelAny suitable type
30、, for ab-sorbing water from the outside of the test jar.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus “Super-Nuova” Multi positionstirring hot plate, Model No. SP135935Q known to the committee at this time isThermo Fisher Scientific, 2000 Park Lane Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15275-9952.4If you are aware of a
31、lternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeisK do n
32、otoverpolish. Discard reused rods when the diameter is reducedto 9.5 mm (0.375 in.).8.3.3 To ensure that the flat shoulder (that portion of the testrod which is perpendicular to the threaded stem) is free of rust,polish this area by holding a strip of the abrasive cloth betweenthe chuck and the shou
33、lder while rotating the test rod for a briefperiod.8.3.4 Remove the test rod from the chuck. Wipe lightly witha clean, dry, lintless cloth or tissue, or brush lightly with acamels hair brush.NOTE 4Check test rod with a lighted, 23 magnification powermagnifier to ascertain freedom from rust/other spo
34、ts, and completion ofpolishing operation.8.3.5 Attach test rod to the holder, and, within 1 min, eitherimmerse it in the sample to be tested through the 12.7 mm(0.5 in.) hole of the test jar cover, or, store it under isooctane upto 1 h before use.9. Preparation of the Test Jar and Magnetic Stirring
35、Bar9.1 If the test jar or stirring bar is found to have a film of ruston it, treat it with a small amount of 15% hydrochloric acidsolution to clean out all the rust, then,9.2 Wash it thoroughly with deionized water to free it fromthe acid, and finally,9.3 Rinse with acetone and dry with lint-free pa
36、per or clothbefore using.10. Procedure10.1 Prepare the corrosion test rod, test jar and magneticstirring bar in accordance with Sections 8 and 9.10.2 Prepare the test jar cover assembly by inserting thepreviously polished corrosion test rod with its holder down intothe 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) hole up to i
37、ts ridge. The tip of the rodshould be about 104 mm (4.1 in.) below the top of the cover.10.3 Insert the external thermocouple or the digital TPthrough one of the 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) holes in the cover suchthat 57 mm (2.25 in.) of its stem is below the top of the cover.This should place the stem about
38、 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) under thesample surface. Switch on the TP to display in degrees Celsius(degrees Fahrenheit).NOTE 5Time interval between 10.2 and 10.3 should not exceed 1 min.NOTE 6Tests should be run in well-ventilated spaces, or in a ventedhood, because of the release of material from samples wh
39、ich are highlyvolatile, or which may contain potentially hazardous material.10.4 Transfer 50 mL of sample into a clean test jar, gentlyintroduce a stirring bar into the jar, and within 1 min, cover itwith the assembly prepared under 10.2 and 10.3.10.5 Put the test jar assembly into the water bath. I
40、fnecessary, add water to the bath to bring its level up to the rimof the beaker.10.6 When using a stirring hotplate without its own externalthermocouple, switch it on at this point, and set it for achievingsample temperature of 37 to 39C (98 to 102F) and a stirringrate of 100 6 10 rpm. When using th
41、e Super-Nuova3,4stirringhotplate, with its own external calibrated thermocouple, switchit on after ensuring that its thermocouple has been placed inone of the samples being tested or in the water bath. Set itstarget sample temperature at 38C (100F), and stirring rate at100 6 10 rpm.10.7 When the sam
42、ple temperature reaches between 37 to39C (98 to 102F), inject, using the 5 cc syringe, 5 mL of theType III or better reagent water into the sample, through theother 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) hole. Note the time.10.8 Gradually increase the stirring rate of the sample andset it at 900 6 100 rpm, while keepin
43、g the target sampletemperature set at 38C (100F). When using the Super-Nuova3,4stirring hotplate, besides setting the stirring rate at900 6 100 rpm and target sample temperature at 38C (100F),also set testing time for 1-h operation.10.9 Monitor sample temperature at least once every 15 minduring the
44、 course of the test. If necessary, make appropriateadjustments, for example to the hotplate temperature setting, tomaintain sample temperature between 37 to 39C (98 to102F), with the target temperature being 37.8C (100F).When using the Super-Nuova3,4stirring hotplate, if necessary,make appropriate a
45、djustments, for example, to the hotplatetemperature setting in order to maintain sample temperaturebetween 37 to 39C (98 to 102F).10.10 Stop the test when the total test time of 1 h 6 5 minhas elapsed from the addition of 5 mL of reagent water to thesample. Carefully remove the test jar from the wat
46、er bath, anddrain as much water as possible from the outside of the jar backinto the bath. Dry the jar from outside with an absorbent towelor acetone.10.11 Remove the test jar cover assembly from the sample.If the magnetic stirrer is adhering to the TP stem, release itbefore going further. Rinse the
47、 test rod with a stream ofacetone.10.12 Carefully pull out the test rod from the test jar cover.Within the next 5 min, with the aid of a lighted 23 magnifi-cation magnifier, inspect the test rod from all around forevaluating its corrosion rating using the “ASTM Iron Corro-sion Rating” Chart (see Fig
48、. 1 and Section 11).11. Interpretation of Results11.1 Rating shall be based exclusively on the portion of thetest specimen exposed within the test fluid. Rust formed duringthe test has had limited opportunity to darken, and all etchingor deposition of solids not removed by rinsing with acetone oriso
49、octane, excluding white spots, shall be considered as rust.D754809311.2 Rating shall be expressed according to the followingscale:Rating Proportion of Test Surface Rusted (%)A0B+ Less than 0.1 (2 or 3 spots of no morethan 1 mm (0.04 in.) diameter)B+ Less than 5B5to2C 25to50D 50to75E 75to10012. Report12.1 Report the corrosiveness in terms of one of the ratingsarrived at after inspection of the corrosion test rod based on10.12, 11.1 and 11.2. In case of uncertainty between twoadjacent ratings, the more severe rating shall
