1、Designation: D7548 15Standard Test Method forDetermination of Accelerated Iron Corrosion in PetroleumProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an accelerated laboratory andfield procedure for the determination of corrosion of iron, inthe
3、presence of water, on samples such as gasoline and gasolineblended with 10% ethanol, E10 (Specification D4814);gasoline-blend components (except butane); diesel fuel andbiodiesel B5, except Grade No. 4-D (Specification D975);biodiesel B6 to B20 (Specification D7467); diesel-blend com-ponent such as
4、light cycle-oil; No.1 fuel oil, No.2 fuel oil(Specification D396); aviation turbine fuel (SpecificationD1655).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.2.1 ExceptionValues in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
5、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar,
6、 Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1655 S
7、pecification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend(B6 to B20)G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Test-ing (Withdrawn 2010)32.2 Other Standards:070 M20 of BS 970-1 or European Stee
8、l C22E number1.1151 Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels includingFree Cutting Steels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 corrosion, nchemical or electrochemical reactionbetween a material, usually a metal, and its environment thatproduces a deterioration of the material and its properties. G153.1.2 ru
9、st, ncorrosion product consisting primarily ofhydrated iron oxide.3.1.2.1 DiscussionRust is a term properly applied only toferrous alloys. G153.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 TPtemperature probe.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Apolished iron corrosion test-rod is immersed in 50 mLof the sample being tested and heate
10、d to 37.8 C (100 F), atwhich point 5 mL of reagent water, Type III or better, is addedto the sample. Sample temperature is maintained between37 C to 39 C (98 F to 102 F), with the target being 37.8 C(100 F), for 1 h. At the end of the heating period, test-rod isremoved, rinsed, and examined for the
11、degree/category ofcorrosion against the “ASTM Iron Corrosion Rating Chart-Test Method D7548.”5. Significance and Use5.1 In general, wherever the possibility exists of watergetting mixed with products/material (covered under 1.1) theresults obtained by this test method will indicate the degree towhic
12、h corrosion of iron components can be expected.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 201
13、5. Published February 2016. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7548 09. DOI:10.1520/D7548-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informati
14、on, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken
15、, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2 Test also determines the antirust properties of products/material (covered under 1.1) in preparation for the variousstages through which the tested product may pass prior to orduring its transport through a pipeline.5.3 Test results are also meant to show whether o
16、r not thedosage levels and type of iron corrosion inhibitor added to aproduct/material (covered under 1.1) is sufficient for achievingthe desired protection of affected assets such as storage tanks,process lines, and shipment systems.6. Apparatus6.1 Stirring Hotplate,4,5Single or multi-position (see
17、 Ap-pendix X1), ceramic top, capable of accommodating Acceler-ated Iron Corrosion Test (AICT) apparatus specified in A1.1.Stirrer should be capable of stirring at a rate of 900 rmin 6100 rmin.6.2 Water BathBeaker, 150 mL to 200 mL capacity, boro-silicate glass, containing 100 mL of distilled water,
18、or othertype of water bath capable of accommodatingAccelerated IronCorrosion Test (AICT) apparatus specified in A1.1.6.3 Test JarCylindrical, clear glass, 90 mL capacity, flatbottom, 115 mm to 125 mm (4.53 in. to 4.92 in.) in height,33.2 mm to 34.8 mm (1.31 in. to 1.37 in.) outside diameter,30.0 mm
19、to 32.4 mm (1.18 in. to 1.28 in.) inside diameter,1.6 mm (0.06 in.) maximum wall thickness.NOTE 1The pour point test jar specified in Test Method D97 meetsthis requirement. A test jar meeting requirements of 6.3 and graduated at50 mL is more suitable.NOTE 2Optionally, to prevent accidental breakage
20、of the test jar, arubber O-ring, 32 mm (1.25 in.) inside diameter, and 3 mm (0.12 in.)thick, could be slipped over the test jar up to about 25 mm (1.0 in.) belowits rim.6.4 Cover,5,6Test JarPlastic, such as high density poly-ethylene (HDPE), with three holes, meeting dimensions andfeatures seen and
21、outlined in A1.2.6.5 Corrosion Test Rod,5,7,8With a plastic or polytetrafluo-roethylene (PTFE) holder; round, threaded steel rod, tapered atone end; 81 mm (3.19 in.) long, including the 12.7 mm (0.5 in.)long threaded portion, and 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. SeeA1.3. Test rod should be made of ste
22、el conforming to Grade1015, 1018, 1020 or 1025 of the Specifications for ColdFinished Carbon Steel Bars and Shafting (Specification A108,or to 070 M20 of BS 970-1 or European Steel C22E number1.1151). If these steels are unavailable, other equivalent steelsmay be used, provided that they are satisfa
23、ctory according tocomparative tests using this test method.6.5.1 Holder,5,7Ethanol-resistant plastic or PTFE. Totallength: 63.5 mm (2.5 in.), with a 2-step handle at top which isdisc-type, 22.2 mm (0.875 in.) in diameter by 15.9 mm(0.625 in.) thick. Below this is a circular step or rim which is17.5
24、mm (0.69 in.) diameter by 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) thick. Thestem portion of the holder is 41.3 mm (1.625 in.) long by12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter, with a 6.4 mm (0.25 in.)female-threaded hole in the bottom to accept the male-threadedcorrosion rod.6.6 Temperature Probe,5,9Digital, calibrated, with stemabo
25、ut 200 mm (8 in.) long by 3.0 mm (0.125 in.) in diameterand covering a temperature range of about 20 C (68 F) to atleast 60 C (140 F).NOTE 3Calibrated, digital temperature probe, or equivalent calibratedtemperature measurement device, covering a range of 50 C (58 F) to+300 C (+572 F) will be suitabl
26、e. Alternatively, calibrated thermo-couples may be used.6.7 Stirring BarMagnetic, PTFE (polytetrafluoro-ethylene)-coated, 25.4 mm 6 2.54 mm (1.0 in. 6 0.1 in.) longby 8 mm 6 0.8 mm (0.31 in. 6 0.03 in.) in diameter.6.8 SyringePlastic, 5 mL, with 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) longneedle, 5 cc syringe and needle,
27、 or any other equivalent syringeand needle.6.9 Timing DeviceElectronic or manual, capable of mea-suring the test duration with an accuracy of at least 1 %.6.10 Grinding and Polishing ApparatusAny suitableapparatus, with a mounting or bench stand, capable of rotatingat 1700 rmin to 1800 rmin, and hav
28、ing the means to mounta suitable chuck5,10into which the corrosion test rod can bescrewed in. See A1.4.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Reagent WaterType III or better, Specification D1193.7.2 Wash Solvent.7.2.1 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane)Minimum99.75 % purity. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7
29、.2.2 AcetoneMinimum 99.5 % purity. (WarningFlammable. Health hazard.)7.3 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)Prepare 15 % solution bydissolving 42 mL of concentrated HCl in 100 mL distilledwater. (WarningCorrosive. Burn hazard.)7.4 Polishing MaterialAbrasive cloth roll5,11; siliconcarbide, C-100 open mesh, 38 mm
30、 width by 22.5 m length(1.5 in. by 25 yd) roll.7.5 MagnifierLighted, 2 magnification power.7.6 Lintless Cloth or Tissue.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus “Super-Nuova” Multi positionstirring hot plate, Model No. SP135935Q known to the committee at this time isThermo Fisher Scientific, 2000
31、 Park Lane Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15275-9952.5If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.6The sole source of sup
32、ply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeisK do notoverpolish. Discard reused rods when the diameter is reducedto 9.5 mm (0.375 in.).8.3.3 To ensure that the flat shoulder (that portion of the testrod which is perpendicular to the threaded stem) is free of rust,polish this area by hol
33、ding a strip of the abrasive cloth betweenthe chuck and the shoulder while rotating the test rod for a briefperiod.8.3.4 With the polisher still in operation, pass the brushgently over the entire surface of the corrosion test rod toremove the remains of the abrasive cloth and other foreignmatter.NOT
34、E 4Check test rod with a lighted, 2 magnification powermagnifier to ascertain freedom from rust/other spots, and completion ofpolishing operation.8.3.5 Stop the polisher. Discard the gloves, which usuallyget contaminated with the residue of the abrasive cloth andother foreign matter. Wear a fresh pa
35、ir of gloves. Remove thecorrosion test rod with a clean, lint-free cloth or tissue-paperwrapped around the corrosion test rod.8.3.6 Attach test rod to the holder, and, within 1 min, eitherimmerse it in the sample to be tested through the 12.7 mm(0.5 in.) hole of the test jar cover, or, store it unde
36、r isooctane upto 1 h before use.9. Preparation of the Test Jar and Magnetic Stirring Bar9.1 If the test jar or stirring bar is found to have a film of ruston it, treat it with a small amount of 15 % hydrochloric acidsolution to clean out all the rust, then,9.2 Wash it thoroughly with deionized water
37、 to free it fromthe acid, and finally,9.3 Rinse with acetone and dry with lint-free paper or clothbefore using.10. Procedure10.1 Prepare the corrosion test rod, test jar and magneticstirring bar in accordance with Sections 8 and 9.10.2 Prepare the test jar cover assembly by inserting thepreviously p
38、olished corrosion test rod with its holder down intothe 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) hole up to its ridge. The tip of the rodshould be about 104 mm (4.1 in.) below the top of the cover.10.3 Insert the external thermocouple or the digital TPthrough one of the 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) holes in the cover suchthat 57 mm
39、 (2.25 in.) of its stem is below the top of the cover.This should place the stem about 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) under thesample surface. Switch on the TP to display in degrees Celsius(degrees Fahrenheit).NOTE 5Time interval between 10.2 and 10.3 should not exceed 1 min.NOTE 6Tests should be run in well-ven
40、tilated spaces, or in a ventedhood, because of the release of material from samples which are highlyvolatile, or which may contain potentially hazardous material.10.4 Transfer 50 mL of sample into a clean test jar, gentlyintroduce a stirring bar into the jar, and within 1 min, cover itwith the assem
41、bly prepared under 10.2 and 10.3.10.5 Put the test jar assembly into the water bath. Ifnecessary, add water to the bath to bring its level up to the rimof the beaker.10.6 When using a stirring hotplate without its own externalthermocouple, switch it on at this point, and set it for achievingsample t
42、emperature of 37 C to 39 C (98 F to 102 F) and astirring rate of 100 rmin 6 10 rmin. When using the Super-Nuova4,5stirring hotplate, with its own external calibratedthermocouple, switch it on after ensuring that its thermocouplehas been placed in one of the samples being tested or in thewater bath.
43、Set its target sample temperature at 38 C (100 F),and stirring rate at 100 rmin 6 10 rmin.10.7 When the sample temperature reaches between 37 Cto 39 C (98 F to 102 F), inject, using the 5 cc syringe, 5 mLof the Type III or better reagent water into the sample, throughthe other 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) hol
44、e. Note the time.10.8 Gradually increase the stirring rate of the sample andset it at 900 rmin 6 100 rmin, while keeping the targetsample temperature set at 38 C (100 F). When using theSuper-Nuova4,5stirring hotplate, besides setting the stirringrate at 900 rmin 6 100 rmin and target sample temperat
45、ureat 38 C (100 F), also set testing time for 1 h operation.10.9 Monitor sample temperature at least once every 15 minduring the course of the test. If necessary, make appropriateadjustments, for example to the hotplate temperature setting, tomaintain sample temperature between 37 C to 39 C (98 F to
46、102 F), with the target temperature being 37.8 C (100 F).When using the Super-Nuova4,5stirring hotplate, if necessary,make appropriate adjustments, for example, to the hotplatetemperature setting in order to maintain sample temperaturebetween 37 C to 39 C (98 F to 102 F).10.10 Stop the test when the
47、 total test time of 1 h 6 5 minhas elapsed from the addition of 5 mL of reagent water to thesample. Carefully remove the test jar from the water bath, andD7548 153drain as much water as possible from the outside of the jar backinto the bath. Dry the jar from outside with an absorbent towelor acetone
48、.10.11 Remove the test jar cover assembly from the sample.If the magnetic stirrer is adhering to the TP stem, release itbefore going further. Rinse the test rod with a stream ofacetone.10.12 Carefully pull out the test rod from the test jar cover.Within the next 5 min, with the aid of a lighted 2 ma
49、gnifi-cation magnifier, inspect all surfaces of the test rod that wereexposed to the sample, including the tip, for evaluating itscorrosion rating using the “ASTM Iron Corrosion Rating”Chart (see Fig. 1 and Section 11).11. Interpretation of Results11.1 Rating shall be based exclusively on the portion of thetest specimen exposed within the test fluid. Rust formed duringthe test has had limited opportunity to darken, and all etchingor deposition of solids not removed by rinsing with acetone,exclud
