1、Designation: D7548 15D7548 16Standard Test Method forDetermination of Accelerated Iron Corrosion in PetroleumProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an accelerated laboratory and field procedure for the determination of corrosion of iro
3、n, in thepresence of water, on samples such as gasoline and gasoline blended with 10%10 % ethanol, E10 (Specification D4814);gasoline-blend components (except butane); diesel fuel and biodiesel B5, except Grade No. 4-D (Specification D975); biodieselB6 to B20 (Specification D7467); diesel-blend comp
4、onent such as light cycle-oil; No.1 fuel oil, No.2 fuel oil (Specification D396);aviation turbine fuel (Specification D1655).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.2.1 ExceptionValues in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to addres
5、s all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification
6、 for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reag
7、ent WaterD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)32.2 Other Standards:070 M20 of BS 970-1
8、 or European Steel C22E number 1.1151 Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels including Free CuttingSteels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 corrosion, nchemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that producesa deterioration of the material and its prop
9、erties. G153.1.2 rust, ncorrosion product consisting primarily of hydrated iron oxide.3.1.2.1 Discussion1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanl
10、iness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published February 2016June 2016. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 asD7548 09.D7548 15. DOI: 10.1520/D7548-15.10.1520/D7548-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.as
11、tm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standar
12、d and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases o
13、nly the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Rust is a term prop
14、erly applied only to ferrous alloys. G153.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 TPtemperature probe.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Apolished iron corrosion test-rod is immersed in 50 mLof the sample being tested and heated to 37.8 C (100 F), at whichpoint 5 mL of reagent water, Type III or better, is added to the sample.
15、Sample temperature is maintained between 37 C to 39 C(98 F to 102 F), with the target being 37.8 C (100 F), for 1 h.At the end of the heating period, test-rod is removed, rinsed, andexamined for the degree/category of corrosion against the “ASTM Iron Corrosion Rating ChartTest Method D7548.”5. Signi
16、ficance and Use5.1 In general, wherever the possibility exists of water getting mixed with products/material (covered under 1.1) the resultsobtained by this test method will indicate the degree to which corrosion of iron components can be expected.5.2 Test also determines the antirust properties of
17、products/material (covered under 1.1) in preparation for the various stagesthrough which the tested product may pass prior to or during its transport through a pipeline.5.3 Test results are also meant to show whether or not the dosage levels and type of iron corrosion inhibitor added to aproduct/mat
18、erial (covered under 1.1) is sufficient for achieving the desired protection of affected assets such as storage tanks,process lines, and shipment systems.6. Apparatus6.1 Stirring Hotplate,4,5Single or multi-position (see Appendix X1), ceramic top, capable of accommodating Accelerated IronCorrosion T
19、est (AICT) apparatus specified in A1.1. Stirrer should be capable of stirring at a rate of 900 rmin 6 100 rmin.6.2 Water BathBeaker, 150 mL to 200 mL capacity, borosilicate glass, containing 100 mL of distilled water, or other type ofwater bath capable of accommodating Accelerated Iron Corrosion Tes
20、t (AICT) apparatus specified in A1.1.6.3 Test JarCylindrical, clear glass, 90 mL capacity, flat bottom, 115 mm to 125 mm (4.53 in. to 4.92 in.) in height, 33.2 mmto 34.8 mm (1.31 in. to 1.37 in.) outside diameter, 30.0 mm to 32.4 mm (1.18 in. to 1.28 in.) inside diameter, 1.6 mm (0.06 in.)maximum wa
21、ll thickness.NOTE 1The pour point test jar specified in Test Method D97 meets this requirement. A test jar meeting requirements of 6.3 and graduated at 50 mLis more suitable.NOTE 2Optionally, to prevent accidental breakage of the test jar, a rubber O-ring, 32 mm (1.25 in.) inside diameter, and 3 mm
22、(0.12 in.) thick, couldbe slipped over the test jar up to about 25 mm (1.0 in.) below its rim.6.4 Cover,6,5 Test JarPlastic, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), with three holes, meeting dimensions and featuresseen and outlined in A1.2.6.5 Corrosion Test Rod,7,8,5With a plastic or polytetraflu
23、oroethylene (PTFE) holder; round, threaded steel rod, tapered at oneend; 81 mm (3.19 in.) long, including the 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) long threaded portion, and 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. See A1.3.Test rod should be made of steel conforming to Grade 1015, 1018, 1020 or 1025 of the Specifications for C
24、old Finished CarbonSteel Bars and Shafting (Specification A108, or to 070 M20 of BS 970-1 or European Steel C22E number 1.1151). If these steelsare unavailable, other equivalent steels may be used, provided that they are satisfactory according to comparative tests using thistest method.6.5.1 Holder,
25、7,5Ethanol-resistant plastic or PTFE. Total length: 63.5 mm (2.5 in.), with a 2-step handle at top which is disc-type,22.2 mm (0.875 in.) in diameter by 15.9 mm (0.625 in.) thick. Below this is a circular step or rim which is 17.5 mm (0.69 in.)diameter by 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) thick. The stem portion of
26、 the holder is 41.3 mm (1.625 in.) long by 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter,with a 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) female-threaded hole in the bottom to accept the male-threaded corrosion rod.6.6 Temperature Probe,9,5Digital, calibrated, with stem about 200 mm (8 in.) long by 3.0 mm (0.125 in.) in diameter andcoveri
27、ng a temperature range of about 20 C (68 F) to at least 60 C (140 F).NOTE 3Calibrated, digital temperature probe, or equivalent calibrated temperature measurement device, covering a range of 50 C (58 F) to4 The sole source of supply of the apparatus “Super-Nuova” Multi position stirring hot plate, M
28、odel No. SP135935Q known to the committee at this time is Thermo FisherScientific, 2000 Park Lane Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15275-9952.5 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeti
29、ng of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.6 The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is K 11,5; silicon carbide, C-100 open mesh, 38 mm width by 22.5 m length (1.5 in.by 25 yd) roll.7.5 MagnifierLighted, 2 magnification power.7.6 Lintless
30、Cloth or Tissue.7.7 Flat Brush, with medium to long soft hairs.7.8 O-ringRubber, about 32 mm (1.25 in.) internal diameter, and 3 mm (0.12 in.) thick.7.9 Watch-glassFor covering 150 mL bath beakers, 65 mm (2.6 in.) in diameter.7.10 Absorbent Paper TowelAny suitable type, for absorbing water from the
31、outside of the test jar.7.11 GlovesDisposable, acid-resistant to 15 % HCl solution, and resistant to hydrocarbons used in this test method.8. Preparation of Corrosion Test Rod8.1 Wear clean gloves whenever handling the corrosion test rod.8.2 If the corrosion test rod is new, first clean it with acet
32、one.8.3 Mount it in the chuck of the grinding and polishing apparatus, and rotate it at a speed of 1700 rmin to 1800 rmin.8.3.1 Apply a new strip of the C-100 abrasive cloth perpendicular to the long axis of the test rod so that circular grooves areformed all along the length of the rod, not criss-c
33、ross, or in any other irregular manner.8.3.2 Polish just enough to get rid of rust/other spots; do not overpolish. Discard reused rods when the diameter is reduced to9.5 mm (0.375 in.).8.3.3 To ensure that the flat shoulder (that portion of the test rod which is perpendicular to the threaded stem) i
34、s free of rust,polish this area by holding a strip of the abrasive cloth between the chuck and the shoulder while rotating the test rod for a briefperiod.8.3.4 With the polisher still in operation, pass the brush gently over the entire surface of the corrosion test rod to remove theremains of the ab
35、rasive cloth and other foreign matter.NOTE 4Check test rod with a lighted, 2 magnification power magnifier to ascertain freedom from rust/other spots, and completion of polishingoperation.8.3.5 Stop the polisher. Discard the gloves, which usually get contaminated with the residue of the abrasive clo
36、th and otherforeign matter. Wear a fresh pair of gloves. Remove the corrosion test rod with a clean, lint-free cloth or tissue-paper wrappedaround the corrosion test rod.8.3.6 Attach test rod to the holder, and, within 1 min, either immerse it in the sample to be tested through the 12.7 mm (0.5 in.)
37、hole of the test jar cover, or, store it under isooctane up to 1 h before use.10 The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Part No. K30100, known to the committee at this time is Koehler Instrument Co., 1595 SycamoreAve., Bohemia, NY11716.11 The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Part No. 823
38、0A76, known to the committee at this time is McMaster-Carr Supply Co., PO Box 4355, Chicago, IL60680-4355.D7548 1639. Preparation of the Test Jar and Magnetic Stirring Bar9.1 If the test jar or stirring bar is found to have a film of rust on it, treat it with a small amount of 15 % hydrochloric acid
39、solution to clean out all the rust, then,9.2 Wash it thoroughly with deionized water to free it from the acid, and finally,9.3 Rinse with acetone and dry with lint-free paper or cloth before using.10. Procedure10.1 Prepare the corrosion test rod, test jar and magnetic stirring bar in accordance with
40、 Sections 8 and 9.10.2 Prepare the test jar cover assembly by inserting the previously polished corrosion test rod with its holder down into the12.7 mm (0.5 in.) hole up to its ridge. The tip of the rod should be about 104 mm (4.1 in.) below the top of the cover.10.3 Insert the external thermocouple
41、 or the digital TPthrough one of the 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) holes in the cover such that 57 mm(2.25 in.) of its stem is below the top of the cover. This should place the stem about 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) under the sample surface.Switch on the TP to display in degrees Celsius (degrees Fahrenheit).NOTE 5Time i
42、nterval between 10.2 and 10.3 should not exceed 1 min.NOTE 6Tests should be run in well-ventilated spaces, or in a vented hood, because of the release of material from samples which are highly volatile,or which may contain potentially hazardous material.10.4 Transfer 50 mL of sample into a clean tes
43、t jar, gently introduce a stirring bar into the jar, and within 1 min, cover it withthe assembly prepared under 10.2 and 10.3.10.5 Put the test jar assembly into the water bath. If necessary, add water to the bath to bring its level up to the rim of the beaker.10.6 When using a stirring hotplate wit
44、hout its own external thermocouple, switch it on at this point, and set it for achievingsample temperature of 37 C to 39 C (98 F to 102 F) and a stirring rate of 100 rmin 6 10 rmin. When using theSuper-Nuova4,5 stirring hotplate, with its own external calibrated thermocouple, switch it on after ensu
45、ring that its thermocouplehas been placed in one of the samples being tested or in the water bath. Set its target sample temperature at 38 C (100 F), andstirring rate at 100 rmin 6 10 rmin.10.7 When the sample temperature reaches between 37 C to 39 C (98 F to 102 F), inject, using the 5 cc syringe,
46、5 mL ofthe Type III or better reagent water into the sample, through the other 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) hole. Note the time.10.8 Gradually increase the stirring rate of the sample and set it at 900 rmin 6 100 rmin, while keeping the target sampletemperature set at 38 C (100 F). When using the Super-Nuova4
47、,5 stirring hotplate, besides setting the stirring rate at 900 rmin6 100 rmin and target sample temperature at 38 C (100 F), also set testing time for 1 h operation.10.9 Monitor sample temperature at least once every 15 min during the course of the test. If necessary, make appropriateadjustments, fo
48、r example to the hotplate temperature setting, to maintain sample temperature between 37 C to 39 C (98 F to102 F), with the target temperature being 37.8 C (100 F). When using the Super-Nuova4,5 stirring hotplate, if necessary, makeappropriate adjustments, for example, to the hotplate temperature se
49、tting in order to maintain sample temperature between 37 Cto 39 C (98 F to 102 F).10.10 Stop the test when the total test time of 1 h65 min has elapsed from the addition of 5 mLof reagent water to the sample.Carefully remove the test jar from the water bath, and drain as much water as possible from the outside of the jar back into thebath. Dry the jar from outside with an absorbent towel or acetone.10.11 Remove the test jar cover assembly from the sample. If the magnetic stirrer is adhering to the TP s
