1、Designation: D7548 16D7548 16aStandard Test Method forDetermination of Accelerated Iron Corrosion in PetroleumProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an accelerated laboratory and field procedure for the determination of corrosion of ir
3、on, in thepresence of water, on samples such as gasoline and gasoline blended with 10 % ethanol, E10 (Specification D4814); gasoline-blendcomponents (except butane); diesel fuel and biodiesel B5, except Grade No. 4-D (Specification D975); biodiesel B6 to B20(Specification D7467); diesel-blend compon
4、ent such as light cycle-oil; No.1 fuel oil, No.2 fuel oil (Specification D396); aviationturbine fuel (Specification D1655).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.2.1 ExceptionValues in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
5、all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification f
6、or Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD396 Specification for Fuel OilsD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1193 Specification for Reagen
7、t WaterD1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing (Withdrawn 2010)32.2 Other Standards:070 M20 of BS 970-1 o
8、r European Steel C22E number 1.1151British Standard BS9701:070M20 4Carbon or European SteelC22E Number 1.1151Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steels including Free Cutting Steels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 corrosion, nchemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and i
9、ts environment that producesa deterioration of the material and its properties. G153.1.2 rust, ncorrosion product consisting primarily of hydrated iron oxide.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct respon
10、sibility of SubcommitteeD02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved June 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2016. Published June 2016December 2016. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asD7548 15.D7548 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7548-16.10.1520/D7548-16A.2 For
11、referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenc
12、ed on www.astm.org.4 Annual Book of IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum and Related Products, Vol 2.Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London,W1G 7AR, U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the us
13、er of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard a
14、s published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2.1 DiscussionRust is a term properly applied only to f
15、errous alloys. G153.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 TPtemperature probe.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Apolished iron corrosion test-rod is immersed in 50 mLof the sample being tested and heated to 37.8 C (100 F), at whichpoint 5 mL of reagent water, Type III or better, is added to the sample. Sample temperature is
16、maintained between 37 C to 39 C(98 F to 102 F), with the target being 37.8 C (100 F), for 1 h.At the end of the heating period, test-rod is removed, rinsed, andexamined for the degree/category of corrosion against the “ASTM Iron Corrosion Rating ChartTest Method D7548.”5. Significance and Use5.1 In
17、general, wherever the possibility exists of water getting mixed with products/material (covered under 1.1) the resultsobtained by this test method will indicate the degree to which corrosion of iron components can be expected.5.2 Test also determines the antirust properties of products/material (cov
18、ered under 1.1) in preparation for the various stagesthrough which the tested product may pass prior to or during its transport through a pipeline.5.3 Test results are also meant to show whether or not the dosage levels and type of iron corrosion inhibitor added to aproduct/material (covered under 1
19、.1) is sufficient for achieving the desired protection of affected assets such as storage tanks,process lines, and shipment systems.6. Apparatus6.1 Stirring Hotplate,5,6Single or multi-position (see Appendix X1), ceramic top, capable of accommodating Accelerated IronCorrosion Test (AICT) apparatus s
20、pecified in A1.1. Stirrer should be capable of stirring at a rate of 900 rmin 6 100 rmin.6.2 Water BathBeaker, 150 mL to 200 mL capacity, borosilicate glass, containing 100 mL of distilled water, or other type ofwater bath capable of accommodating Accelerated Iron Corrosion Test (AICT) apparatus spe
21、cified in A1.1.6.3 Test JarCylindrical, clear glass, 90 mL capacity, flat bottom, 115 mm to 125 mm (4.53 in. to 4.92 in.) in height, 33.2 mmto 34.8 mm (1.31 in. to 1.37 in.) outside diameter, 30.0 mm to 32.4 mm (1.18 in. to 1.28 in.) inside diameter, 1.6 mm (0.06 in.)maximum wall thickness.NOTE 1The
22、 pour point test jar specified in Test Method D97 meets this requirement. A test jar meeting requirements of 6.3 and graduated at 50 mLis more suitable.NOTE 2Optionally, to prevent accidental breakage of the test jar, a rubber O-ring, 32 mm (1.25 in.) inside diameter, and 3 mm (0.12 in.) thick, coul
23、dbe slipped over the test jar up to about 25 mm (1.0 in.) below its rim.6.4 Cover,7,6 Test JarPlastic, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), with three holes, meeting dimensions and featuresseen and outlined in A1.2.6.5 Corrosion Test Rod,8,6Withwith a plastic or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) h
24、older; holder and nominal dimensionsaccording to Fig. A1.3; round, threaded steel rod, tapered at one end; 81 mm81.0 mm (3.19 in.) long, including the 12.7 mm(0.5 in.) long threaded portion, and 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. See A1.3Fig.A1.3. Test rod should be made of steel conformingto Grade 1015
25、, 1018, 1020, or 1025 of the Specifications for Cold Finished Carbon Steel Bars and Shafting (SpecificationSpecification A108, or to 070 M20 of BS 970-1 or European Steel C22E number 1.1151). European Steel C22E number 1.1151,or to British Standard BS9701) as per Table 1. If these steels are unavail
26、able, other equivalent steels may be used, provided thatthey are satisfactory according to comparative tests using this test method.6.5.1 Holder,8,6Ethanol-resistantethanol-resistant plastic or PTFE. PTFE with nominal dimensions according to Fig.A1.3. Totallength: 63.5 mm (2.5 in.), with a 2-step ha
27、ndle at top which is disc-type, 22.2 mm (0.875 that is disc-type, 22.2 mm 6 0.1 mm(0.875 in. 6 0.004 in.) in diameter by 15.9 mm (0.625 in.) thick. Below this is a circular step or rim which is 17.5 mm(0.69 in.)17.1 mm (0.63 in.) diameter by 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) thick. The stem portion of the holder is
28、 41.3 mm (1.625 in.)41.2 mm(1.622 in.) long by 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter, with a 6.4 mm6.4 mm (0.25 in.) female-threaded hole in the bottom to acceptthe male-threaded corrosiontest rod.5 The sole source of supply of the apparatus “Super-Nuova” Multi position stirring hot plate, Model No. SP13593
29、5Q known to the committee at this time is Thermo FisherScientific, 2000 Park Lane Dr., Pittsburgh, PA 15275-9952.6 If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the respon
30、sible technical committee,1 which you may attend.7 The sole source of supply of the apparatus test jar cover known to the committee at this time is K 10,6 silicon carbide, C-100 open mesh, 38 mm width by 22.5 m length (1.5 in. by25 yd) roll.7.5 MagnifierLighted, 2 magnification power.7.6 Lintless Cl
31、oth or Tissue.7.7 Flat Brush, with medium to long soft hairs.7.8 O-ringRubber, about 32 mm (1.25 in.) internal diameter, and 3 mm (0.12 in.) thick.7.9 Watch-glassFor covering 150 mL bath beakers, 65 mm (2.6 in.) in diameter.7.10 Absorbent Paper TowelAny suitable type, for absorbing water from the ou
32、tside of the test jar.7.11 GlovesDisposable, acid-resistant to 15 % HCl solution, and resistant to hydrocarbons used in this test method.8. Preparation of Corrosion Test Rod8.1 Wear clean gloves whenever handling the corrosion test rod.8.2 If the corrosion test rod is new, first clean it with aceton
33、e.8 The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Test rod onlyPart No. 408A (SAE-1018), known to the committee at this time is Metaspec LLC, 790 W Mayfield Blvd.,San Antonio, TX 78211.9 The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Part No. 14-648-44, a semi-automated polishing apparatus known to the c
34、ommittee at this time is Thermo Fisher Scientific,81 Wyman St., Waltham, MA 02454.Koehler Instrument Co., 1595 Sycamore Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716.10 The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Part No. K30100, known to the committee at this time is Koehler Instrument Co., 1595 SycamoreAve., Bohemia, N
35、Y11716.10 The sole source of supply of the apparatus, polishing material, Part No. 8230A76, known to the committee at this time is McMaster-Carr Supply Co., PO Box 4355,Chicago, IL 60680-4355.TABLE 1 Chemical Composition of Corrosion Test RodsElementChemical AnalysisContent (%)A108 C22E BS97011015 1
36、018 1020 1025 1.1151A 070 M20Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min MaxIron, Fe 99.13 99.57 98.81 99.26 99.08 99.53 99.03 99.48 98.365 99.43 98.36 99.24Carbon, C 0.13 0.18 0.14 0.2 0.17 0.23 0.22 0.28 0.17 0.24 0.16 0.24Manganese, Mn 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.9Sulfur, S 0 0.
37、05 0 0.05 0 0.05 0 0.05 0 0.035 0 0.05Phosphorous, P 0 0.04 0 0.04 0 0.04 0 0.04 0 0.03 0 0.05Silicon, Si 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.1 0.4Nickel, Ni 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0Chromium, Cr 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0A (Cr + Mo + Ni = 0.63max)D7548 16a38.3 Mount it in the chuck of the grinding and polishing apparatus, and rotate it at
38、 a speed of 1700 rmin to 1800 rmin.8.3.1 Apply a new strip of the C-100 abrasive cloth perpendicular to the longlongitudinal axis of the test rod so that circulargrooves are formed all alongaround the lengthcircumference of the test rod, not criss-cross, or in any other irregularmanner.pattern.8.3.2
39、 Polish the test rod just enough to get rid of rust/other spots; do not overpolish. Discard reused used test rods when thediameter is reduced to 9.5 mm (0.375 in.).(0.375 in.) as indicated in Fig. A1.3.8.3.3 To ensure that the flat shoulder (that portion of the test rod which is perpendicular to the
40、 threaded stem) is free of rust,polish this area by holding a strip of the abrasive cloth between the chuck and the shoulder while rotating the test rod for a briefperiod.8.3.4 With the polisher still in operation, pass the brush gently over the entire surface of the corrosion test rod to remove the
41、remains of the abrasive cloth and other foreign matter.NOTE 4Check test rod with a lighted, 2 magnification power magnifier to ascertain freedom from rust/other spots, and completion of polishingoperation.8.3.5 Stop the polisher. Discard the gloves, which usually get contaminated with the residue of
42、 the abrasive cloth and otherforeign matter. Wear a fresh pair of gloves. Remove the corrosion test rod with a clean, lint-free cloth or tissue-paper wrappedaround the corrosion test rod.8.3.6 Attach test rod to the holder, and, within 1 min, either immerse it in the sample to be tested through the
43、12.7 mm (0.5 in.)hole of the test jar cover, or, store it under isooctane up to 1 h before use.9. Preparation of the Test Jar and Magnetic Stirring Bar9.1 If the test jar or stirring bar is found to have a film of rust on it, treat it with a small amount of 15 % hydrochloric acidsolution to clean ou
44、t all the rust, then,9.2 Wash it thoroughly with deionized water to free it from the acid, and finally,9.3 Rinse with acetone and dry with lint-free paper or cloth before using.10. Procedure10.1 Prepare the corrosion test rod, test jar and magnetic stirring bar in accordance with Sections 8 and 9.10
45、.2 Prepare the test jar cover assembly by inserting the previously polished corrosion test rod with its holder down into the12.7 mm (0.5 in.) hole up to its ridge. The tip of the test rod should be about 104 mm (4.1 in.) below the top of the cover.10.3 Insert the external thermocouple or the digital
46、 TPthrough one of the 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) holes in the cover such that 57 mm(2.25 in.) of its stem is below the top of the cover. This should place the stem about 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) under the sample surface.Switch on the TP to display in degrees Celsius (degrees Fahrenheit).NOTE 5Time interval between
47、 10.2 and 10.3 should not exceed 1 min.NOTE 6Tests should be run in well-ventilated spaces, or in a vented hood, because of the release of material from samples which are highly volatile,or which may contain potentially hazardous material.10.4 Transfer 50 mL of sample into a clean test jar, gently i
48、ntroduce a stirring bar into the jar, and within 1 min, cover it withthe assembly prepared under 10.2 and 10.3.10.5 Put the test jar assembly into the water bath. If necessary, add water to the bath to bring its level up to the rim of the beaker.10.6 When using a stirring hotplate without its own ex
49、ternal thermocouple, switch it on at this point, and set it for achievingsample temperature of 37 C to 39 C (98 F to 102 F) and a stirring rate of 100 rmin 6 10 rmin. When using theSuper-Nuova5,6 stirring hotplate, with its own external calibrated thermocouple, switch it on after ensuring that its thermocouplehas been placed in one of the samples being tested or in the water bath. Set its target sample temperature at 38 C (100 F), andstirring rate at 100 rmin 6 10 rmin.10.7 When the sample temperature reaches between 37 C
