1、Designation: D 7566 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuel Containing SynthesizedHydrocarbons1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specifica
3、tion covers the manufacture of aviationturbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blend-ing components.1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batchorigination. Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified andreleased to all the requirements of this specification, meets th
4、erequirements of Specification D 1655 and shall be regarded asSpecification D 1655 turbine fuel. Once released to this speci-fication (D 7566) the requirements of this specification are nolonger applicable: any recertification shall be done to D 1655.Field blending of synthesized paraffinic kerosine
5、 (SPK) withD 1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part haveoriginated as D 7566 fuel) shall be considered batch origina-tion in which case all of the requirements of this specification(D 7566) apply, however the fuel shall be regarded as D 1655turbine fuel after certification and release.1.3 This
6、 specification defines specific types of aviationturbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons for civil usein the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuelsfound satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. Thespecification is intended to be used as a standard in de
7、scribingthe quality of aviation turbine fuels and synthetic blendingcomponents at the place of manufacture but can be used todescribe the quality of aviation turbine fuels for contractualtransfer at all points in the distribution system.1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactoryf
8、or aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditionsof use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range ofcharacteristics than is shown by this specification.1.5 While aviation turbine fuels defined by this specificationcan be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines,requ
9、irements for such other applications have not been consid-ered in the development of this specification.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,
10、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Close
11、d Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper fromPetroleum Products by
12、 Copper Strip TestD 156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Reid Method)D 381 Test Method for Gum Content i
13、n Fuels by JetEvaporationD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D 1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products(Lamp Method)D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative D
14、ensity (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine and1This specification is under the juri
15、sdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.06 on Emerging Turbine Fuels.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
16、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Aviation Turbine FuelD 1405 Te
17、st Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Aviation FuelsD 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 1740 Test Method for Luminometer Numbers ofAviationTurbine Fuels3D 1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons inAviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD 2276 Test
18、Method for Particulate Contaminant in Avia-tion Fuel by Line SamplingD 2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD 2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in MiddleDistillates by Mass SpectrometryD 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
19、 SpectrometryD 2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-tion and Distillate FuelsD 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD 3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gaso-line, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Po
20、tentiometric Method)D 3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In AviationTurbine FuelsD 3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviation Turbine Fuels (JFTOT Procedure)D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD 3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Avi
21、ation FuelsD 3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content ofAviation FuelsD 3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of AviationTurbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Reso-nance SpectrometryD 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD 3948 Test Method for Determ
22、ining Water SeparationCharacteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by PortableSeparometerD 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density ofLiquids by Digital Density MeterD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD 417
23、6 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD 4305 Test Method for Filter Flow of Aviation Fuels atLow Temperatures
24、D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD 4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-bustion of Aviation FuelsD 4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petro-leum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combus-tion and Chemiluminescen
25、ce DetectionD 4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for ActiveSulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (
26、Doctor Test)D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline andGasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D 5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity ofAviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (BOCLE)D 5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether T
27、ype) in Aviation FuelsD 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Automatic Method)D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-ucts (Mini Method)D 5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Productsand LubricantsD 5452
28、 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 5901 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation
29、Fuels(Automated Optical Method)D 5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D 6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by theAutomatic Tristimulus MethodD 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Ad
30、ditives by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer TitrationD 6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and PetroleumDistillatesHigh Performance Liquid ChromatographyMethod with Refractive Index DetectionD 6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels andFuel SystemsD 7
31、153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Laser Method)D 7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Fiber Optical Method)D 7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfurin Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxida-tive Pyrohydrolytic Combus
32、tion followed by Ion Chroma-tography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.D75660922.2 Energy Instit
33、ute Standards:4IP 225 Copper Content of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Corrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content ofAviation Turbine FuelJet Evaporation Method2.3 ANSI Standard:5ANSI 863 Report of Test Results2.4 Other Standard:6Defence Standard 91-91 Turb
34、ine Fuel, Aviation KerosineType, Jet A-12.5 UOP Test Methods:7UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by Wet Ash/ICP-AES2.6 U.S. Department of Defense Specifications:8MIL-PRF-25017 Inhibitor, Corrosion/Lubricity Improver,Fuel SolubleQDS-25017 Qualified Data Set for MIL-PRF-25017 (In-hibitor, Corrosion/Lubricit
35、y Improver, Fuel Soluble)3. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of aviation turbine fuel at the time andplace of delivery.4. Terminology4.1 Definitions:4.1.1 conventional hydrocarbons, nhydrocarbons derivedfrom the following conventional source
36、s: crude oil, natural gasliquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands.4.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:4.2.1 conventional blending component, nblendingstreams derived from conventional hydrocarbons.4.2.2 synthesized hydrocarbons, nhydrocarbons derivedfrom alternative sou
37、rces such as coal, natural gas, biomass, andhydrogenated fats and oils by processes such as gasification,Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydroprocessing.4.2.3 synthetic blending component, nsynthesized hydro-carbons that meet the requirements of Annex A1.5. Classification5.1 Two types of aviation tur
38、bine fuels are provided, asfollows:5.1.1 Jet A and Jet A-1Relatively high flash point distil-lates of the kerosine type.5.2 Jet A and Jet A-1 represent two grades of kerosine fuelthat differ in freezing point. Other grades would be suitablyidentified.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Aviation turbine
39、fuel, except as otherwise defined in thisspecification, shall consist of the following blends of compo-nents or fuels:6.1.1 Conventional blending components or Jet A or Jet A-1fuel certified to Specification D 1655; with up to 50 % byvolume of the synthetic blending component defined in AnnexA1.6.2
40、Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimatelyapproved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the typecertification program for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel mustalso be
41、similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4).6.3 AdditivesMay be added to each type of aviationturbine fuel in the amount and of the composition specified inTable 2 or the following list of approved material:96.3.1 Other additives are permitted under 6.2 and 8.1. Theseinclude fuel system i
42、cing inhibitor, other antioxidants, inhibi-tors, and special purpose additives. The quantities and typesshall be declared by the fuel supplier and agreed to by thepurchaser. Only additives approved by the aircraft certifyingauthority are permitted in the fuel on which an aircraft isoperated.6.3.1.1
43、Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage.Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval statusof the additive and associated conditions shall be checked forthe specific aircraft and engines to be operated.6.3.1.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Eth
44、er (DiEGME), con-forming to the requirements of Specification D 4171, Type III,may be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %.(2) Test Method D 5006 may be used to determine theconcentration of DiEGME in aviation fuels.6.4 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X2 con-cerning the need to
45、 control processing additives in jet fuelproduction.7. Detailed Requirements7.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to the require-ments prescribed in Table 1 Part 1 and Table 1 Part 2 unlessotherwise noted in Annex A1.7.2 The additional requirements of Part 2 of Table 1 applyonly for each batch
46、 of fuel intentionally containing a syntheticblending component. The additional requirements of Part 2 ofTable 1 are not mandated if conventionally-derived jet fuel ismixed with the residue of a D 7566 semi-synthetic aviationturbine fuel in refinery equipment from a previous batch ofcertified final
47、blended product, for example in a tank heel.7.3 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be lessthan the minimum values specified in Table 1, Table A1.1, andTableA1.2. No allowance shall be made for the precision of thetest methods. To determine conformance to the specificationrequirement, a tes
48、t result may be rounded to the same number4Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.5Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.6Available from Defence E
49、quipment and Support, UK Defence Standardization,Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow, G2 8EX (http:/www.dstan.mod.uk).7Available from ASTM International, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Cus-tomer Service at serviceastm.org.8Available from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins,Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia PA 19111-5094 (http:/assist.daps.dla.mil).9Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) havebeen filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingResearch Report RR: D02-1125.D7566093TABLE 1 Detaile
