1、Designation: D7612 10Standard Practice forCategorizing Wood and Wood-Based Products According toTheir Fiber Sources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7612; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice sets forth minimum criteria and evaluationrequirements for products employing the use of differentsy
3、stems to trace wood fiber to sources operating under differentforest management or forest certification systems.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide wood productsmanufacturers, distributors, and retailers with a system toprovide clear, objective information to communicate to con-sumers reg
4、arding product conformance to different wood fibertracing systems within specific forest management or forestcertification programs. It provides a structure that segregatesthe different types of labels and tracing systems in use amongmajor forest certification standards and other voluntary andregula
5、tory standards governing the production of forest prod-ucts.NOTE 1The principles in this practice apply internationally, providedthat the required information is available to support categorization. Forexample, products certified to the globally recognized forest certificationstandards will meet the
6、 “Certified Sources” category regardless of theirorigin, and documented risk assessments (noted in Appendix X5) providethe basis upon which raw materials sourced from Canada and the UnitedStates can be deemed to meet the “Legal Sources” category. To categorizeraw materials sourced outside of Canada
7、and the United States as “LegalSources,” it is recommended that the adopting entity develop supplemen-tal provisions to address country-specific issues as needed.1.2.1 This practice provides an objective basis to differen-tiate among:1.2.1.1 Non-controversial (that is, legal) sources of forestproduc
8、ts,1.2.1.2 Responsible sources of forest products (that is,non-controversial sources together with certified procurementsystems or from forests managed using responsible practices),and1.2.1.3 Certified sources of forest products (that is, non-controversial sources together with certified chain of cu
9、stody).1.2.2 This practice is intended to provide a framework tohelp wood product vendors identify the competent and reliableevidence needed to substantiate product claims as required bythe U.S. Federal Trade Commissions Guides for the Use ofEnvironmental Marketing Claims (also known as “The GreenGu
10、ides”).1.2.3 Products from unknown sources are not covered bythis practice.1.2.4 This practice is intended for voluntary use by manu-facturers, distributors, retailers, consumers, and standards de-velopers in the wood products sector.1.3 The category structure of this practice is derived frompublicl
11、y available sources or based on the provisions of variousforest management or forest certification standards. Documen-tation of compliance with specific category requirements is theresponsibility of the user. The objective of this categorization isto provide a concise and easily communicated descrip
12、tionbased on grouping of significant practices. It is possible thatthis grouping will result in some consolidation of concepts andpractices of individual programs. Details of these practices orcategorization of products complying with more than oneprogram are beyond the scope of this practice.1.4 Th
13、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documen
14、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement Plan2.2 Other References:FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, Annex 2Federal Trade Commission, Commercial Practices, Chap-ter I, Subchapter B; Guides
15、and Trade Practice Rules,Part 260Guides for the Use of Environmental Market-ing Claims1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.08 on Forests.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. DOI:10.1520/D761210
16、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
17、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.International Finance Corporation Indigenous Peoples,Guidance Note 73PEFC Technical Document: 2005Standards Development Organization Advancement Act of2004, Pub. L. No. 108237, Section 102(5) (2004)U.S. Customs and Border Patrol discussion of th
18、e LaceyAct (www.cbp.gov)USDA Forest Service, NRS-INF-06-08, “Who OwnsAmericas Forests,” 20083. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used inthis practice related to wood, refer to Terminology D9, and forterms related to forestry, forest certification, and traceability,refer to G
19、uide D7480.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chain of custody (COC), na system of proceduresand documentation that tracks the custodianship of forestrymaterials or wood-based products through one or more stagesof its life cycle from the forest to the end-use. See X1.7 for adis
20、cussion of COC under forest certification standards.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOnce a product receives a permanentlabel (such as a gradestamp) and is not subsequently remanu-factured, this practice accepts the on-product label as proof ofchain of custody.3.2.2 consensus-based programs/standards, nprograms/st
21、andards developed using the principles of openness, balance,transparency, consensus decision-making, and due process.43.2.3 non-controversial sources, nsources that do notcome from illegal or unauthorized harvesting.3.2.3.1 DiscussionExamples of illegal or unauthorizedharvesting include harvesting i
22、n forest areas protected by lawas well as in forest areas officially published by governmentauthorities (or the body with the legal authority to do so) asplanned to become strictly protected by law, without thegovernment authorities (or the body with the legal authority todo so) giving permission to
23、 harvest.3.2.3.2 DiscussionSource is Annex 4 PEFC TechnicalDocument: 2005, 1.3.4 controversial sources, modified byestablishing the contradictory concept “non-controversialsources” with a negation of the essential characteristics of thedefinition of controversial sources.3.2.4 procurement system, na
24、 system requiring organiza-tions buying raw materials to have an auditable procurementprocess designed, at a minimum, to require compliance withbest management practices to protect water quality on allsuppliers lands and ensure all fiber comes from known andlegal sources.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Th
25、is practice describes a category-based method forevaluating broad differences between forest management stan-dards. The rationale underlying the categories is provided inAppendix X2.4.2 In providing rules for undertaking an evaluation ofdifferent forest management standards, this practice (1) estab-
26、lishes three broad categories to distinguish between programswith different levels of tracing and documentation, and (2)eliminates from consideration any products from unknownsources.NOTE 2The standard also provides a conceptual basis to describe thecategory of protective forestry sources. Since thi
27、s is conceptual andrequires the development of an underlying database, it is included withinAppendix X3 and Appendix X4 for information only.4.3 This practice is guided by the following principles:4.3.1 Its use is intended to promote the growth of respon-sible forest management.4.3.2 Any marketing c
28、laims based on or related to thispractice are accurate, verifiable, relevant and not misleading.4.3.2.1 Any marketing claims based on or related to thispractice are in compliance with the Federal Trade Commis-sions Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claimsand other U.S. consumer protectio
29、n laws.4.3.3 In the categories, differences in system governancethat are legally relevant to federal and state or provincialgovernment agencies are addressed specifically as to whetherthey are governed through consensus-based processes.4.3.4 Decisions based on the categories avoid restrainingtrade;
30、that is, they enable consumer choice among productsproduced under comparable conditions.4.4 It is possible that the differentiation between variousforest practices, regulatory and certification-type systems willrequire in-depth examination beyond the scope of this practice.This practice does not ran
31、k, rate, or differentiate among theefficacy of these systems for either forest practice or applica-tion to specific forest products. Such a differentiation requiresdetailed information specifically focused on the intendedend-use. See Appendix X5 for links to aid users who requiremore detailed differ
32、entiation.5. Significance and Use5.1 Voluntary forest certification systems have become animportant factor in promoting sustainable forest management.The standards in use are highly variable, however. Even withina family of standards with a common label there is the potentialfor wide variations in p
33、ractices. This prevents producers andconsumers from using a certification label to characterizeproducts according to a specific set of qualities or values. Thispractice creates a framework to differentiate products based ona set of qualities and values identified as important in themarket for wood p
34、roducts.5.2 This practice is intended to be used by producers,distributors, retailers, or consumers who wish to understandwhere a product fits within three categories.At a minimum, theuser will need to know the geographic origin of the wood goinginto a product and whether it is labeled or otherwise
35、certified toa procurement system or chain of custody based on a voluntaryforest management or certification standard. Producers whowant to use this practice must be able to identify the geographicorigin of the wood to at least the level needed to support theclaims to consumers associated with a give
36、n category anddescribed in 6.1.3Available from International Finance Corporation (IFC), 2121 PennsylvaniaAvenue, NW Washington, DC 20433, http:/www.ifc.org.4From the Standards Development OrganizationAdvancementAct of 2004, Pub.L. No. 108237, Section 102(5) (2004). This definition is similar to thos
37、e found invarious ASTM documents.D7612 1026. Criteria6.1 The criteria differentiating wood products into threecategories based on the wood fiber tracing systems, forestcertification and other standards that apply to their productionare provided in this section and are summarized in Table 1.6.1.1 Non
38、-Controversial (That is, Legal) Sources of ForestProducts:6.1.1.1 Products from non-controversial (that is, legal)sources are produced with wood fiber from jurisdictions with alow risk of illegal activity or from controlled wood standards,stair-step standards, legality assessments, or other propriet
39、arystandards. Products from non-controversial sources shall betraceable to the applicable jurisdiction, or chain of custody.6.1.2 Responsible Sources of Forest Products:6.1.2.1 Products from responsible sources are producedwith wood fiber acquired according to an independentlycertified procurement s
40、tandard or are from a proprietaryforestry standard or from jurisdictions with regulatory orquasi-regulatory programs to implement best managementpractices. These standards or programs are typicallyconsensus-based proprietary certification standards or publiclegislative and regulatory processes. To q
41、ualify for this cat-egory, the applicable standard or forest governance in theapplicable geography shall document a system designed torequire compliance with best management practices to protectwater quality and ensure all fiber comes from known and legalsources.6.1.3 Certified Sources of Forest Pro
42、ducts:6.1.3.1 Products from certified sources are produced withwood fiber acquired in accordance with, and independentlycertified to, an internationally recognized voluntary forestcertification standard or equivalent. See Appendix X1 fordiscussion of globally recognized programs that satisfy therequ
43、irements of this practice.6.1.3.2 Equivalent standards, where used, shall documentsubstantial compliance with and effective implementation ofapplicable portions of the Sustainable Forest Managementprovisions of Guide D7480 and shall be verified by anaccredited independent third party.7. Keywords7.1
44、certified sources; fiber procurement system; forests;forest certification; forest management; legal sources; protec-tive forestry sources; responsible sourcesTABLE 1 Summary of Criteria for Categorizing Products with Fiber Procurement SystemsConforming to Different Forest Certification or Management
45、 StandardsRequirementsProducts fromLegalSourcesResponsibleSourcesCertifiedSourcesA) Fiber is from jurisdictions with a low risk of illegal activity or fromcontrolled wood standards, stair-step standards, legalityassessments, or other proprietary standardsAAASystem governance:B) Public legislative or
46、 regulatory processes;C) Proprietary Standards;D) Consensus-basedBorC BorCorD DContent:E) Requires compliance with best management practices to protectwater quality and ensures all fiber comes from known and legalsourcesF) Provides for Forest Management Plans in substantial compliancewith relevant p
47、ortions of Guide D7480 08 or equivalentEorFFADocumentation includes traceability:G) To the applicable jurisdictionH) By a certified procurement systemI) By a chain of custody systemBGGorHI IASee Appendix X3 for discussion of additional concepts related to sub-categorization of certified sources.BFor
48、 the purposes of categorizing products under this practice, distributors and retailers can rely on “on-product” labels for chain of custody or a certified procurementsystem if they are not engaged in significant value-added processing or remanufacture. In lieu of an onproduct label, a certificate of
49、 compliance indicating conformancewith the applicable chain of custody or certified procurement system is permitted.D7612 103APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BACKGROUND DISCUSSION OF FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PROMINENT FOREST CERTIFICATION PROGRAMSX1.1 In North America, professional foresters have tradi-tionally been the leaders in developing and improving forestmanagement practices. Conversely, best forest managementpractices are not always followed in some regions of the world.In some regions, illegal logging and other undesirable practicesare not uncommon
