1、Designation: D7612 10 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forCategorizing Wood and Wood-Based Products According toTheir Fiber Sources1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7612; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice sets forth minimum criteria and evaluationrequirements for products employing the
3、use of differentsystems to trace wood fiber to sources operating under differentforest management or forest certification systems.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide wood productsmanufacturers, distributors, and retailers with a system toprovide clear, objective information to communicate
4、 to con-sumers regarding product conformance to different wood fibertracing systems within specific forest management or forestcertification programs. It provides a structure that segregatesthe different types of labels and tracing systems in use amongmajor forest certification standards and other v
5、oluntary andregulatory standards governing the production of forest prod-ucts.NOTE 1The principles in this practice apply internationally, providedthat the required information is available to support categorization. Forexample, products certified to the globally recognized forest certificationstand
6、ards will meet the “Certified Sources” category regardless of theirorigin, and documented risk assessments (noted in Appendix X5) providethe basis upon which raw materials sourced from Canada and the UnitedStates can be deemed to meet the “Legal Sources” category. To categorizeraw materials sourced
7、outside of Canada and the United States as “LegalSources,” it is recommended that the adopting entity develop supplemen-tal provisions to address country-specific issues as needed.1.2.1 This practice provides an objective basis to differen-tiate among:1.2.1.1 Non-controversial (that is, legal) sourc
8、es of forestproducts,1.2.1.2 Responsible sources of forest products (that is,non-controversial sources together with certified procurementsystems or from forests managed using responsible practices),and1.2.1.3 Certified sources of forest products (that is, non-controversial sources together with cer
9、tified chain of custody).1.2.2 This practice is intended to provide a framework tohelp wood product vendors identify the competent and reliableevidence needed to substantiate product claims as required bythe U.S. Federal Trade Commissions Guides for the Use ofEnvironmental Marketing Claims (also kno
10、wn as “The GreenGuides”).1.2.3 Products from unknown sources are not covered bythis practice.1.2.4 This practice is intended for voluntary use bymanufacturers, distributors, retailers, consumers, and standardsdevelopers in the wood products sector.1.3 The category structure of this practice is deriv
11、ed frompublicly available sources or based on the provisions of variousforest management or forest certification standards. Documen-tation of compliance with specific category requirements is theresponsibility of the user. The objective of this categorization isto provide a concise and easily commun
12、icated descriptionbased on grouping of significant practices. It is possible thatthis grouping will result in some consolidation of concepts andpractices of individual programs. Details of these practices orcategorization of products complying with more than oneprogram are beyond the scope of this p
13、ractice.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refe
14、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement Plan2.2 Other References:FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005, Annex 2Federal Trade Commission, Commercial Practices, Chap-ter I, Subchap
15、ter B; Guides and Trade Practice Rules,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.08 on Forests.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved i
16、n 2010 as D7612 - 10.DOI:10.1520/D761210R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM In
17、ternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Part 260Guides for the Use of Environmental Market-ing ClaimsInternational Finance Corporation Indigenous Peoples,Guidance Note 73PEFC Technical Document: 2005Standards Development Organization Advanceme
18、nt Act of2004, Pub. L. No. 108237, Section 102(5) (2004)U.S. Customs and Border Patrol discussion of the LaceyAct (www.cbp.gov)USDAForest Service, NRS-INF-06-08, “Who OwnsAmeri-cas Forests,” 20083. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used in thispractice related to wood, refer
19、 to Terminology D9, and forterms related to forestry, forest certification, and traceability,refer to Guide D7480.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chain of custody (COC), na system of proceduresand documentation that tracks the custodianship of forestrymaterials or wood-based
20、 products through one or more stagesof its life cycle from the forest to the end-use. See X1.7 for adiscussion of COC under forest certification standards.3.2.1.1 DiscussionOnce a product receives a permanentlabel (such as a gradestamp) and is not subsequentlyremanufactured, this practice accepts th
21、e on-product label asproof of chain of custody.3.2.2 consensus-based programs/standards, nprograms/standards developed using the principles of openness, balance,transparency, consensus decision-making, and due process.43.2.3 non-controversial sources, nsources that do notcome from illegal or unautho
22、rized harvesting.3.2.3.1 DiscussionExamples of illegal or unauthorizedharvesting include harvesting in forest areas protected by lawas well as in forest areas officially published by governmentauthorities (or the body with the legal authority to do so) asplanned to become strictly protected by law,
23、without thegovernment authorities (or the body with the legal authority todo so) giving permission to harvest.3.2.3.2 DiscussionSource is Annex 4 PEFC TechnicalDocument: 2005, 1.3.4 controversial sources, modified byestablishing the contradictory concept “non-controversialsources” with a negation of
24、 the essential characteristics of thedefinition of controversial sources.3.2.4 procurement system, na system requiring organiza-tions buying raw materials to have an auditable procurementprocess designed, at a minimum, to require compliance withbest management practices to protect water quality on a
25、llsuppliers lands and ensure all fiber comes from known andlegal sources.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice describes a category-based method forevaluating broad differences between forest management stan-dards. The rationale underlying the categories is provided inAppendix X2.4.2 In providing
26、rules for undertaking an evaluation ofdifferent forest management standards, this practice (1) estab-lishes three broad categories to distinguish between programswith different levels of tracing and documentation, and (2)eliminates from consideration any products from unknownsources.NOTE 2The standa
27、rd also provides a conceptual basis to describe thecategory of protective forestry sources. Since this is conceptual andrequires the development of an underlying database, it is included withinAppendix X3 and Appendix X4 for information only.4.3 This practice is guided by the following principles:4.
28、3.1 Its use is intended to promote the growth of respon-sible forest management.4.3.2 Any marketing claims based on or related to thispractice are accurate, verifiable, relevant and not misleading.4.3.2.1 Any marketing claims based on or related to thispractice are in compliance with the Federal Tra
29、de Commis-sions Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claimsand other U.S. consumer protection laws.4.3.3 In the categories, differences in system governancethat are legally relevant to federal and state or provincialgovernment agencies are addressed specifically as to whetherthey are govern
30、ed through consensus-based processes.4.3.4 Decisions based on the categories avoid restrainingtrade; that is, they enable consumer choice among productsproduced under comparable conditions.4.4 It is possible that the differentiation between variousforest practices, regulatory and certification-type
31、systems willrequire in-depth examination beyond the scope of this practice.This practice does not rank, rate, or differentiate among theefficacy of these systems for either forest practice or applica-tion to specific forest products. Such a differentiation requiresdetailed information specifically f
32、ocused on the intendedend-use. See Appendix X5 for links to aid users who requiremore detailed differentiation.5. Significance and Use5.1 Voluntary forest certification systems have become animportant factor in promoting sustainable forest management.The standards in use are highly variable, however
33、. Even withina family of standards with a common label there is the potentialfor wide variations in practices. This prevents producers andconsumers from using a certification label to characterizeproducts according to a specific set of qualities or values. Thispractice creates a framework to differe
34、ntiate products based ona set of qualities and values identified as important in themarket for wood products.5.2 This practice is intended to be used by producers,distributors, retailers, or consumers who wish to understandwhere a product fits within three categories.At a minimum, theuser will need
35、to know the geographic origin of the wood goinginto a product and whether it is labeled or otherwise certified to3Available from International Finance Corporation (IFC), 2121 PennsylvaniaAvenue, NW Washington, DC 20433, http:/www.ifc.org.4From the Standards Development OrganizationAdvancementAct of
36、2004, Pub.L. No. 108237, Section 102(5) (2004). This definition is similar to those found invarious ASTM documents.D7612 10 (2015)2a procurement system or chain of custody based on a voluntaryforest management or certification standard. Producers whowant to use this practice must be able to identify
37、 the geographicorigin of the wood to at least the level needed to support theclaims to consumers associated with a given category anddescribed in 6.1.6. Criteria6.1 The criteria differentiating wood products into threecategories based on the wood fiber tracing systems, forestcertification and other
38、standards that apply to their productionare provided in this section and are summarized in Table 1.6.1.1 Non-Controversial (That is, Legal) Sources of ForestProducts:6.1.1.1 Products from non-controversial (that is, legal)sources are produced with wood fiber from jurisdictions with alow risk of ille
39、gal activity or from controlled wood standards,stair-step standards, legality assessments, or other proprietarystandards. Products from non-controversial sources shall betraceable to the applicable jurisdiction, or chain of custody.6.1.2 Responsible Sources of Forest Products:6.1.2.1 Products from r
40、esponsible sources are producedwith wood fiber acquired according to an independentlycertified procurement standard or are from a proprietaryforestry standard or from jurisdictions with regulatory orquasi-regulatory programs to implement best managementpractices. These standards or programs are typi
41、callyconsensus-based proprietary certification standards or publiclegislative and regulatory processes. To qualify for thiscategory, the applicable standard or forest governance in theapplicable geography shall document a system designed torequire compliance with best management practices to protect
42、water quality and ensure all fiber comes from known and legalsources.6.1.3 Certified Sources of Forest Products:6.1.3.1 Products from certified sources are produced withwood fiber acquired in accordance with, and independentlycertified to, an internationally recognized voluntary forestcertification
43、standard or equivalent. See Appendix X1 fordiscussion of globally recognized programs that satisfy therequirements of this practice.6.1.3.2 Equivalent standards, where used, shall documentsubstantial compliance with and effective implementation ofapplicable portions of the Sustainable Forest Managem
44、entprovisions of Guide D7480 and shall be verified by anaccredited independent third party.7. Keywords7.1 certified sources; fiber procurement system; forests;forest certification; forest management; legal sources; protec-tive forestry sources; responsible sourcesTABLE 1 Summary of Criteria for Cate
45、gorizing Products with Fiber Procurement SystemsConforming to Different Forest Certification or Management StandardsRequirementsProducts fromLegalSourcesResponsibleSourcesCertifiedSourcesA) Fiber is from jurisdictions with a low risk of illegal activity or from controlled woodstandards, stair-step s
46、tandards, legality assessments, or other proprietary standardsAAASystem governance:B) Public legislative or regulatory processes;C) Proprietary Standards;D) Consensus-basedBorC BorCorD DContent:E) Requires compliance with best management practices to protect water quality and ensuresall fiber comes
47、from known and legal sourcesF) Provides for Forest Management Plans in substantial compliance with relevant portions ofGuide D7480 08 or equivalentEorFFADocumentation includes traceability:G) To the applicable jurisdictionH) By a certified procurement systemI) By a chain of custody systemBGGorHI IAS
48、ee Appendix X3 for discussion of additional concepts related to sub-categorization of certified sources.BFor the purposes of categorizing products under this practice, distributors and retailers can rely on “on-product” labels for chain of custody or a certified procurementsystem if they are not eng
49、aged in significant value-added processing or remanufacture. In lieu of an onproduct label, a certificate of compliance indicating conformancewith the applicable chain of custody or certified procurement system is permitted.D7612 10 (2015)3APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BACKGROUND DISCUSSION OF FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PROMINENT FOREST CERTIFICATION PROGRAMSX1.1 In North America, professional foresters have tradi-tionally been the leaders in developing and improving forestmanagement practices. Conversely, best forest managementpractices are not always fo
