1、Designation: D7618 10Standard Specification forEthyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (ETBE) for Blending with AviationSpark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for fuel gradeethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) that may
3、be used for blendingwith fuels for aviation spark-ignition engines where permis-sible. Other ETBE grades available in the marketplace that donot comply with the requirements of this specification, are notsuitable for blending with aviation fuels.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded a
4、sstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
5、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-troleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products(Saybolt Chromometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Con
6、tent in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for
7、 Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Con-tamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Proce-dures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD5441 Test
8、 Method forAnalysis of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether(MTBE) by Gas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for W
9、ater in Organic Liquids by Cou-lometric Karl Fischer Titration3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ethanol, nchemical compound C2H5OH.3.1.2 methanol, nchemical compound CH3OH.3.1.3 ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE), nchemical com-pound CH3CH2OC(CH3)3.3.1.4 tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA), nchemical comp
10、ound(CH3)3COH.3.1.5 methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), nchemicalcompound CH3OC(CH3)3.3.1.6 oxygenate, noxygen-containing ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement.4. Detailed Requirements4.1 ETBE that may be used for blending with fuels for
11、aviation spark-ignition engines shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1.5. Workmanship5.1 The ETBE shall be visually free of undissolved water,sediment, and suspended matter. It shall be clear and bright atthe ambient temperature or 21C, whichever is lower.1This specification is under the juri
12、sdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published July 2010. DOI: 10.1520/D761810.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
13、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The specification defi
14、nes only a basic purity for thisproduct. The product shall be free of any adulterant orcontaminant that could render the material unacceptable for theintended application.6. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling6.1 The user is strongly advised to review all intended testmethods prior to sampling
15、 in order to understand the impor-tance and effects of sampling technique, proper containers, andspecial handling required for each test method.6.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain asample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Use ofappropriate procedures in Practice D40
16、57 or Practice E300 formanual method sampling and in Practice D4177 for automaticmethod sampling as applicable.6.3 The correct sample volume and appropriate containerselection are important decisions that can impact test results.Refer to Practice D5854 for procedures on container selectionand sample
17、 mixing and handling. Where practical, ETBEshould be sampled in glass containers. If samples must becollected in metal containers, do not use soldered metalcontainers. This is because the soldering flux in the containersand the lead in the solder can contaminate the samples. Plasticcontainers should
18、 be avoided.6.4 Sample SizeA minimum of about 2 L is recom-mended.7. Test Methods7.1 The scopes of some of the test methods specified belowdo not include ETBE, thus the precision of those test methodswhen testing ETBE can differ from the reported precisions.7.2 ETBE, mass %See Annex A1 for modificat
19、ion of TestMethod D5441.7.3 Ethanol, mass %Test Method D5441.7.4 Methanol, mass %Test Method D5441.7.5 Water, mass %Test Method E1064 or E203.7.6 Copper Strip CorrosionTest Method D130,2hat100C.7.7 AppearanceTest Method D4176, Procedure 1.7.8 Color, SayboltTest Method D156.7.9 Existent Gum ContentTe
20、st Method D381, air-jet ap-paratus.7.10 Density at 15C, kg/LTest Method D1298 or D4052.8. Keywords8.1 aviation spark-ignition engine fuel; blending; corrosion;ETBE; ethanol; ethyl tertiary-butyl ether; impurities; metha-nol; water contentANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. MODIFICATION TO TEST METHOD D5
21、441A1.1 Conduct the analysis for impurities in ETBE inaccordance with Test Method D5441, with the followingmodifications:A1.1.1 Substitute ETBE for MTBE in all cases whereMTBE is referred to as the product sample or as the solventmedium for preparing standards to be used for column evalu-ation, cali
22、bration and standardization.A1.1.2 Reagents and MaterialsSubstitute the followingcompounds for those listed as Reference Standards (Paragraph8.5 of Test Method D5441):A1.1.2.1 Methanol.A1.1.2.2 Ethanol.A1.1.2.3 Isopentane.A1.1.2.4 Acetone.A1.1.2.5 Pentane.A1.1.2.6 Tertiary-butyl alcohol.A1.1.2.7 Met
23、hyl tertiary-butyl ether.A1.1.2.8 Methyl ethyl ketone.A1.1.2.9 Hexane.A1.1.2.10 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane (iso-octane).A1.1.2.11 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene (a-diisobutylene).A1.1.2.12 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene (b-diisobutylene).A1.1.2.13 Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether.A1.1.2.14 Diethyl ether.A1.1.2.15 Dime
24、thyl ether.A1.1.2.16 Isobutylene.TABLE 1 Detailed RequirementsProperty Limits ASTM Test MethodAEthyl tertiary-butyl ether, mass %, min. 95.0 D5441BEthanol, mass %, max. 1.5 D5441BMethanol, mass%, max. 0.3 D5441BTertiary-butyl alcohol, mass%, max 1.5 D5441BMethyl tertiary-butyl ether, mass%, max. 2.0
25、 D5441BC2-C4Oxygenates,Cmass%, max. 1.5 D5441BC4-C6Hydrocarbons,Dmass%, max. 1.5 D5441BC8-C10Hydrocarbons,Emass%, max. 2.0 D5441BUnidentified hydrocarbons, mass%, max. 1.0 D5441BWater, mass %, max. 0.1 E1064 or E203Copper strip corrosion, max. 1 D130Appearance Clear and bright D4176Color, Saybolt, m
26、in. + 16 D156Existent gum content, mg/100 mL, max. 5.0 D381Density at 15C, kg/L 0.735 to 0.755 D1298 or D4052AThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to in Section 7.BAnalysis for impurities in ETBE in accordance with Test Method D5441 requirethe modifications detailed in Annex A1.COxy
27、genates, excluding alcohols, of combined concentrations of diethyl anddimethyl ethers, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.DCombined concentrations of isopentane, pentane, and hexane paraffins, andisobutylene olefin.ECombined concentrations of C8isobutylene dimers mainly derived from thedimerization of
28、C4-C5compounds, and iso-octane.D7618 102A1.1.3 Calculation of Concentration of Impurities:A1.1.3.1 Calculate the concentration of each impurity com-ponent, adjusted for the water content of the sample, in mass %as specified in the Calculations (Section 14 of Test MethodD5441).A1.1.3.1.1 It is permis
29、sible to calculate and report theuncalibrated compounds as a group, that is, as the sum of thecorrected peak area % of all uncalibrated compounds, adjustedfor the water content of the sample.A1.2 Calculation of Purity of ETBEA1.2.1 Calculate the purity of the ETBE sample:ETBE purity, mass% 5100 Sum
30、of all impurities from above 1 Water content!(A1.1)A1.2.2 Report the ETBE purity to the nearest 0.01 mass %.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATION FOR ETBE FOR BLENDING WITH AVIATION SPARK-IGNITION ENGINEFUELX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 ETBE may be used as a blending componen
31、t forcertain aviation spark ignition engine fuel, if listed as anapproved blending component in the specification for thataviation fuel. The performance requirements of this specifica-tion were established to help ensure that the addition (inappropriate amounts) of ETBE as described in this specific
32、a-tion would not be detrimental to the properties of the fuelblend.X1.2 Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether PurityX1.2.1 The ETBE minimum purity level limits the quanti-ties of contaminants. Laboratory analyses and engine testsperformed with distinct neat ETBE products, revealed thathigher purities (higher E
33、TBE content) yielded correspondinghigher knock performance characteristics, and some organiccompounds other than ETBE can adversely affect other prop-erties of finished fuel blends.X1.3 Ethanol ContentX1.3.1 Ethanol is one of the reactants in the production ofETBE and is a potential contaminant. Eth
34、anol contributes tovapor pressure increase, reduced knock performance, adverseimpact on water reaction tests of the finished fuel, and whenused in conjunction with Specification D4171 Type II isopro-panol icing inhibitor additive, it could cause corrosion ofmetallic fuel system components and/or deg
35、radation of elasto-meric components.X1.4 Methanol ContentX1.4.1 Methanol is reportedly used by some technologies inthe last stage of the etherification process to increase theconversion. As a potential contaminant, methanol contributesto vapor pressure increase and could cause corrosion ofmetallic f
36、uel system components, and/or degradation of elas-tomeric components.X1.5 Tertiary-butyl Alcohol ContentX1.5.1 As a potential contaminant, TBA exhibits solventcharacteristics and an adverse impact on water reaction tests ofthe finished fuel, and when used in conjunction with Specifi-cation D4171 Typ
37、e II isopropanol icing inhibitor additive, itcould cause corrosion of metallic fuel system componentsand/or degradation of elastomeric components.X1.6 Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether ContentX1.6.1 Concentrations under 1.0% MTBE have been rou-tinely reported on finished product, however, extensive testin
38、gon aviation engines and fuel systems materials compatibilitytests revealed no problems with gasoline blends exhibitingMTBE mass concentrations exceeding 15%.X1.7 C2-C4Oxygenates ContentX1.7.1 The combined C2-C4oxygenate concentrations ofdiethyl and dimethyl ethers, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone,a
39、re limited to control the volatility impact of the ethers and thesolvency characteristics of the ketones.X1.8 C4-C6Hydrocarbons ContentX1.8.1 Combined C4-C6hydrocarbon concentrations of iso-pentane, pentane, isobutylene and hexane, are mostly stablecomponents found in gasoline.X1.9 C8-C10Hydrocarbon
40、 ContentX1.9.1 Combined concentrations of both C8 isobutylenedimers mainly derived from the dimerization of C4-C5com-pounds, and iso-octane, while common hydrocarbon compo-nents in gasoline, must be limited due to their low storagestability characteristics.X1.10 Unidentified Hydrocarbons ContentX1.1
41、0.1 Combined unidentified hydrocarbons are mainlyhydrocarbon - type compounds, such as 2,3 dimethyl-pentaneor 2,4 dimethyl-pentane, or possibly oxygenates but as thename suggests, they are unrecognized in the gas chromato-graphic analyses.X1.11 Water ContentX1.11.1 Blends of ETBE and hydrocarbon gas
42、oline have alimited solvency for water. This solvency varies with theD7618 103chemical composition, temperature, and ETBE content of thefuel. Excess water (which may be soluble in the ETBE) maynot be soluble in the gasoline-ETBE blend resulting in a hazyfuel, and may compromise the fuel system icing
43、 preventionfeatures.X1.12 Copper Strip CorrosionX1.12.1 Fuels must pass the copper strip corrosion test tominimize corrosion in fuel systems due to sulfur compounds inthe fuel. This limit is included to ensure that the ETBE does notcontribute to copper corrosion.X1.13 AppearanceX1.13.1 ETBE, as cove
44、red by this specification, is a rela-tively pure material. Suspended materials, sediments, or con-taminants in the ETBE which cause a cloudy or coloredappearance may adversely affect the performance of thefinished fuel blend in aviation spark-ignition engines. Also acloudy or colored appearance may
45、indicate excessive water orcontamination by materials not measured by this specification.X1.14 ColorX1.14.1 The color of a product may serve as an indicationof possible contamination with another product.X1.15 Existent Gum ContentX1.15.1 The test for existent gum content measures theamount of residu
46、e after evaporation of the fuel componentwithout any further treatment. The limit is included to indicatecontamination before ETBE is blended to gasoline.X1.15.2 Because the precision statements for Test MethodD381 were developed using only data on hydrocarbons, theymay not be applicable to ETBE.X1.
47、16 DensityX1.16.1 Determination of the density of this product isnecessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumesat the standard temperature of 15C.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this stand
48、ard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be review
49、ed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
