1、Designation: D7700 12Standard Guide forSelecting Test Methods for Geomembrane Seams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended for use as a summary of testmethods necessary to evaluate geomembrane seams. It isintended to guide geomembrane users towar
3、d the appropriateevaluation techniques to assess geomembrane seam quality.1.2 Geomembrane seams covered by this guide are: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene(LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), flexiblepolypropylene (fPP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene
4、pro-pylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), prefabricated bituminousgeomembranes (PBGM), Ethylene Interpolymer Alloy (EIA)and reinforced geomembranes1.3 Although a significant effort has been made to gather alltypes of geomembranes and related evaluation techniqueswhich were on the market at the date of com
5、pletion of thisdocument, some available materials and technologies mayhave been omitted. The information presented in this documentshall thus be considered to be non exhaustive.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi
6、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD4437 Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for De-ter
7、mining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining FlexiblePolymeric Sheet GeomembranesD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5641 Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation byVacuum ChamberD5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation ofDual Seamed GeomembranesD6214 Test Method for Determining the In
8、tegrity of FieldSeams Used in Joining Geomembranes by ChemicalFusion MethodsD6365 Practice for the Nondestructive Testing of Geomem-brane Seams using the Spark TestD6392 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Non-reinforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion MethodsD6747 Guide for
9、Selection of Techniques for ElectricalDetection of Potential Leak Paths in GeomembranesD7002 Practice for Leak Location on Exposed Geomem-branes Using the Water Puddle SystemD7006 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of GeomembranesD7007 Practices for Electrical Methods for Locating Leaksin Geomembranes
10、Covered with Water or Earth MaterialsD7056 Test Method for Determining the Tensile ShearStrength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous GeomembraneSeamsD7177 Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvi-nyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed GeomembranesD7272 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of S
11、eamsUsed in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufacturedTaped MethodsD7408 Specification for Non Reinforced PVC (PolyvinylChloride) Geomembrane Seams3. Terminology3.13.1.1 destructive technique, na method of seam testingrequiring that a sample be removed from the fabricated orinstalled geomembrane for f
12、urther evaluation.3.1.2 nondestructive technique, na method of seam test-ing which does not compromise the geomembranes ability tofunction as intended.3.2 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms, refer toTerminology D4439.3.3 Acronyms:EPDMEthylene propylene diene terpolymerfPPFlexible polypropyl
13、eneHDPEHigh-density polyethyleneLLDPELinear low-density polyethylene1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published January 2012. DOI: 10.1520/D
14、7700122For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
15、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.PVCPolyvinyl chlorideVLDPEVery low-density polyethylene4. Significance and Use4.1 There are a large number of geomembrane types andseaming techniques. This guide is intended to help practitio-ners select the appropriate seam test methods fo
16、r their material.4.2 Geomembranes are relatively impermeable planar ma-terials sheets that are shipped either as rolls or folded panels.The panels may be seamed in a factory or in the field. Thisguide provides geomembrane users with the most appropriateseam evaluation techniques for the most common
17、geomem-brane materials available on the market.4.3 Some type of geomembrane may not be listed and someseam evaluation techniques may offer a good performance witha given material although this may not be indicated on Table 1.Users that are aware of this situation are invited to contactASTM to propos
18、e an update of this guide.4.4 The relevance of a seaming technique within a particularengineering context is beyond the scope of this guide.5. Geomembrane Seam Evaluation Techniques5.1 Geomembrane seam evaluation techniques can be eitherdestructive or non destructive. The destructive techniquesprovi
19、de an indication of the strength and/or elongation char-acteristics of a small sample of a seam. The non-destructivetechniques are used to test for leaks or defects along the entirelength of a seam. The types of seam tests that are potentiallyapplicable to various types of geomembrane materials arel
20、isted in Table 1. Their applicability may depend on theparticular seaming technique used, and their feasibility givenspecific issues on the project.D7700 122ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standar
21、d. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed
22、 every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible t
23、echnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
24、hocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to ph
25、otocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Seam Evaluation Techniques and Their Applicability to Different Geomembrane MaterialsType of seamevaluation techniqueASTM Test Method/ Type of GeomembraneNon-reinforced PolyolefingeomembranesNonReinforce
26、dPolyvinylChloride(PVC) and EthyleneInterpolymerAlloy (EIA)EthylenePropyleneDieneTerpolymer(reinforced andnonreinforced)(EPDM)BituminousGeomembranes(PBGM)Other reinforcedGeomembranesHDPEAll other typesofnonreinforcedgeomembranes(for example(fPP, LLDPE,VLDPE)DestructiveD751, section 16: Coated Fabric
27、s Cut Strip TestX(see Note 1)D6214 Field seams,chemical fusion methodsX(see Note 2)X(see Note 2)D6392 Nonreinf GM-SeamsThermo-Fusion MethX X X (see Note 3)D7408 PVC Seam X D7056 BGM Seams X D7272 Taped seams evaluation X Non-destructiveD5641 Vacuum Chamber(Note 4)(Note 5)XX X X XD4437Air lance (Note
28、 4)X(see Note 6)X(see Note 7)XXD4437 Mechanical point stressingX(see Note 8)XXXXD5820 Pressurized Air Channel (Note 4)X(see Note 9)X(see Note 9)X(see Note 9)X(see Note 9)D6365 Spark Test (Note 4)XX X XD7177 Air Channel Evaluation of PVC X D7006 Ultrasonic Testing ofGeomembranes (Note 4)X(see Note 10
29、)X(see Note 10)X(see Note 11)XElectrical Leak locationD7002 Leak location /water puddle/lanceX(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)D7007 Leak location/ covered geomembranesX(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X = Applicable = Not Appli
30、cableNOTE 1A new standard test method is being worked on in D35.10 for seam evaluation for reinforced geomembranesNOTE 2This type of test not commonly performed on this type of material, but it can be performed if desired.NOTE 3While Test Method D6392 was originally developed for non-reinforced geom
31、embranes, it is standard practice for some manufacturers,fabricators, designers, and installers to use this method for reinforced products. However, a new standard test method is being worked on in D35.10 forseam evaluation of reinforced geomembranes, which shall be preferred to Test Method D6392 as
32、 soon as it is availableNOTE 4Only provides evaluation of seam continuity, but not seam strengthNOTE 5May not be applicable to very flexible geomembranes, especially thinner ones, that will highly deform into the vacuum box.NOTE 6There are some experiences with air lance on HDPE geomembrane seams for hole detection, although this is not common practiceNOTE 7Typically applicable to materials that are 1.0 mm and thinnerNOTE 8When applicableNOTE 9Applicable to dual track seam onlyNOTE 10Not applicable to extrusion filletNOTE 11Applicable to factory seams onlyNOTE 12Refer to Guide D6747D7700 123
