1、Designation: D7700 12D7700 15Standard Guide forSelecting Test Methods for Geomembrane Seams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended for use as a summary of test methods necessary to evaluate geomembrane seams. It is intended toguide geomembrane us
3、ers toward the appropriate evaluation techniques to assess geomembrane seam quality.1.2 Geomembrane seams covered by this guide are: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene(LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), flexible polypropylene (fPP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
4、, ethylene propylenediene terpolymer (EPDM), prefabricated bituminous geomembranes (PBGM), Ethylene Interpolymer Alloy (EIA) and reinforcedgeomembranes1.3 Although a significant effort has been made to gather all types of geomembranes and related evaluation techniques whichwere on the market at the
5、date of completion of this document, some available materials and technologies may have been omitted.The information presented in this document shall thus be considered to be non exhaustive.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included i
6、n this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2
7、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D751 Test Methods for Coated FabricsD4437 Practice for Non-destructive Testing (NDT) for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Flexible PolymericSheet GeomembranesD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD5641 Practice for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation
8、by Vacuum ChamberD5820 Practice for Pressurized Air Channel Evaluation of Dual Seamed GeomembranesD6214D6214/D6214M Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Field Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by ChemicalFusion MethodsD6365 Practice for the Nondestructive Testing of Geomembrane Seams using
9、the Spark TestD6392 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Nonreinforced Geomembrane Seams Produced Using Thermo-FusionMethodsD6747 Guide for Selection of Techniques for Electrical Leak Location of Leaks in GeomembranesD7002 Practice for Electrical Leak Location on Exposed Geomembranes Using t
10、he Water Puddle MethodD7006 Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of GeomembranesD7007 Practices for Electrical Methods for Locating Leaks in Geomembranes Covered with Water or Earthen MaterialsD7056 Test Method for Determining the Tensile Shear Strength of Pre-Fabricated Bituminous Geomembrane SeamsD7177
11、 Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed GeomembranesD7272 Test Method for Determining the Integrity of Seams Used in Joining Geomembranes by Pre-manufactured TapedMethodsD7408 Specification for Non Reinforced PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Geomembrane Seams1
12、 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012May 1, 2015. Published January 2012May 2015. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in
13、2012 as D770012. DOI: 10.1520/D77001210.1520/D7700152 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This docu
14、ment is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as
15、appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D7747 Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Prod
16、uced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomem-branes by the Strip Tensile MethodD7749 Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomem-branes by the Grab Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 destructive technique, na method of se
17、am testing requiring that a sample be removed from the fabricated or installedgeomembrane for further evaluation.3.1.2 nondestructive technique, na method of seam testing which does not compromise the geomembranes ability to functionas intended.3.2 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms, refer
18、to Terminology D4439.3.3 Acronyms:EPDMEthylene propylene diene terpolymerfPPFlexible polypropyleneHDPEHigh-density polyethyleneLLDPELinear low-density polyethylenePVCPolyvinyl chlorideTABLE 1 Seam Evaluation Techniques and Their Applicability to Different Geomembrane Materialscolwidth=“0.881in“ colw
19、idth=“0.59in“ colnum=“4“ colwidth=“0.59in“ colnum=“5“ colwidth=“0.72in“colnum=“6“colwidth=“0.68in“Type of seamevaluation techniqueASTM Test Method/ Type of GeomembraneNon-reinforcedPolyolefingeomembranesNonReinforcedPolyvinylChloride(PVC)andEthyleneInterpolymerAlloy(EIA)EthylenePropyleneDieneTerpoly
20、mer(reinforcedandnonreinforced)(EPDM)BituminousGeomembranes(PBGM)Other reinforcedGeomembranesHDPEAll other typesofnonreinforcedgeomembranes(for example(fPP, LLDPE,VLDPE)DestructiveD751, section 16: Coated Fabrics Cut Strip Test X(see Note 1)D6214Field seams,chemical fusion methods X(see Note 2) X(se
21、e Note 2)D6392Nonreinf GM-SeamsThermo-Fusion MethX X X (see Note 3)D7408PVC Seam X D7056BGM Seams X D7272Taped seamsevaluation X Non-destructiveD5641Vacuum Chamber(Note 4) (Note 5)X X X X XD4437Air lance (Note 4)X(see Note 6)X(see Note 7) X X X XD4437Mechanical point stressingX(see Note 8) X X X XD5
22、820Pressurized Air Channel (Note 4)X(see Note 9)X(see Note 9)X(see Note 9) X(see Note 9)D6365Spark Test (Note 4) X X X XD7177Air ChannelEvaluation of PVC X D7006Ultrasonic Testing ofGeomembranes (Note 4)X(see Note 10)X(see Note 10)X(see Note 11) X Electrical LeaklocationD7002 Leak location /water pu
23、ddle/lanceX(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12) X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)D7007 Leak location/ coveredgeomembranesX(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12) X(see Note 12)X(see Note 12)D7700 152VLDPEVery low-density polyethylene4. Significance and Use4.1 There are a large number of geomembran
24、e types and seaming techniques. This guide is intended to help practitioners selectthe appropriate seam test methods for their material.4.2 Geomembranes are relatively impermeable planar materials sheets that are shipped either as rolls or folded panels. Thepanels may be seamed in a factory or in th
25、e field. This guide provides geomembrane users with the most appropriate seamevaluation techniques for the most common geomembrane materials available on the market.4.3 Some type of geomembrane may not be listed and some seam evaluation techniques may offer a good performance witha given material al
26、though this may not be indicated on Table 1Table 1. . Users thatwho are aware of this situation are invited tocontact ASTM to propose an update of this guide.4.4 The relevance of a seaming technique within a particular engineering context is beyond the scope of this guide.5. Geomembrane Seam Evaluat
27、ion Techniques5.1 Geomembrane seam evaluation techniques can be either destructive or non destructive. The destructive techniques providean indication of the strength and/or elongation characteristics or elongation characteristics, or both, of a small sample of a seam.The non-destructive techniques
28、are used to test for leaks or defects along the entire length of a seam. The types of seam tests thatare potentially applicable to various types of geomembrane materials are listed in Table 1. Their applicability may depend on theparticular seaming technique used, and their feasibility given specifi
29、c issues on the project.D7700 153TABLE 1 Seam Evaluation Techniques and Their Applicability to Different Geomembrane MaterialsType of SeamEvaluationTechniqueASTM Test Method/Typeof GeomembraneNon-Reinforced PolyolefinGeomembranes NonReinforcedPolyvinylChloride(PVC) andEthyleneInterpolymerAlloy (EIA)
30、EthylenePropyleneDieneTerpolymer(reinforced andnonreinforced)(EPDM)BituminousGeomembranes(PBGM)Other ReinforcedGeomembranesHDPEAll other typesofnonreinforcedgeomembranes(for example,fPP, LLDPE,VLDPE)DestructiveD6214/D6214MField seams,chemical fusionmethods X(see Note 1) X(see Note 1)D6392Nonreinf GM
31、-SeamsThermo-Fusion MethX X X X(see Note 2)D7408PVC Seam X D7056BGM Seams X D7272Taped seamsevaluation X D7747Reinforced GM,Strip Test XD7749Reinforced GM,Grab Test XNon-DestructiveD5641Vacuum Chamber(Notes 3 and 4)X X X X XD4437Air lance (Note 3)X(see Note 5)X(see Note 6)X X X XD4437Mechanical poin
32、tstressingX(see Note 7)X X X XD5820Pressurized AirChannel (Note 3)X(see Note 8)X(see Note 8)X(see Note 8) X(see Note 8)D6365Spark Test (Note 3)X X X XD7177Air ChannelEvaluation of PVC X D7006Ultrasonic Testing ofGeomembranes(Note 3)X(see Note 9)X(see Note 9)X(see Note 10) X Electrical LeakLocationD7
33、002Leak location/waterpuddle/lanceX(see Note 11)X(see Note 11)X(see Note 11) X(see Note 11)X(see Note 11)D7007Leak location/coveredgeomembranesX(see Note 11)X(see Note 11)X(see Note 11) X(see Note 11)X(see Note 11)X = Applicable = Not ApplicableD7700 154NOTE 1A new standard test method is being work
34、ed on in D35.10 for seam evaluation for reinforced geomembranesNOTE 1This type of test not commonly performed on this type of material, but it can be performed if desired.D7700 155NOTE 2While Test Method D6392 was originally developed for non-reinforced geomembranes, it is standard practice for some
35、 manufacturers,fabricators, designers, and installers to use this method for reinforced products. However, a new standard test method is being worked on in D35.10 forseam evaluation of reinforced geomembranes, which shall be preferred to Test Method D6392 as soon as it is availableavailable.D7700 15
36、6NOTE 3Only provides evaluation of seam continuity, but not seam strengthstrength.D7700 157NOTE 4May not be applicable to very flexible geomembranes, especially thinner ones, that will highly deform into the vacuum box.D7700 158NOTE 5There are some experiences with air lance on HDPE geomembrane seam
37、s for hole detection, although this is not common practicepractice.D7700 159NOTE 6Typically applicable to materials that are 1.0 mm and thinnerthinner.D7700 1510NOTE 7When applicableapplicable.D7700 1511NOTE 8Applicable to dual track seam onlyonly.D7700 1512NOTE 9Not applicable to extrusion filletfi
38、llet.D7700 1513NOTE 10Applicable to factory seams onlyonly.D7700 1514ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of an
39、y such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are in
40、vited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receive
41、d a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of t
42、his standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11Refer to Guide D6747.D7700 1515
