1、Designation: D7719 14D7719 14aStandard Specification forHigh-Octane Unleaded Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers formulating specifications for purchases of a high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel under contract andis intended solely for us
3、e by purchasing agencies.21.2 This specification defines a specific type of high-octane (MON) unleaded fuel for use as an aviation spark-ignition fuel. Itdoes not include all fuels satisfactory for reciprocating aviation engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit awider, or require a
4、 narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification.1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of unleaded fuel at the time and place ofdelivery.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurem
5、ent are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitati
6、ons prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D8
7、73 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D1094 Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation FuelsD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petro
8、leum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2
9、624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by D
10、igital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contam
11、inationD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method)D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and i
12、s the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.02D02.J0 on J2 Spark and Compression Ignition Aviation Engine Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2014June 1, 2014. Published May 2014July 2014. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asD7719 13.D7719 14. D
13、OI: 10.1520/D7719-14.10.1520/D7719-14A.2 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1721.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
14、l Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be t
15、echnically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of t
16、his standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5191 Test Method
17、 for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D6733 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50-Metre Capillary HighResolution Gas ChromatographyE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specification
18、s3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 aviation gasoline fuel, nfuel possessing specific properties suitable for operating aircraft powered by reciprocatingspark-ignition engines.3.1.2 binary, adjcharacterized by, or consisting of, two components.3.1.3 biomass, nbiological material including any mater
19、ial other than fossil fuels which is or was a living organism orcomponent or product of a living organism.3.1.4 high-octane, adjpossessing a Motor octane number (MON) greater than 100.4. General4.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribes the required properties of a binary aviation
20、 fuel at the time andplace of delivery.5. Classification5.1 One grade of high-octane unleaded fuel is provided, known as UL102.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 High-octane unleaded fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist of blends of refined reformatehydrocarbons. The
21、 sources for these hydrocarbons include biomass, natural gas, or crude petroleum.6.1.1 See Appendix X1 for one particular composition that meets the parameters of Table 1.6.2 AdditivesThese can be added to each grade of high-octane unleaded aviation fuel in the amount, and of the composition,specifi
22、ed in the following list of approved materials:TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for High-Octane Unleaded FuelOctane Ratings Grade UL102 ASTM Test MethodKnock value, Motor Octane Number min 102.2 D2700Density at 15C, kg/m3 min 790 D1298 or D4052Density at 15 C, kg/m3 min 790 D1298 or D4052max 825Distill
23、ation D86Initial boiling point, C Report D86Fuel Evaporated D8610 volume % at C max 75 D8640 volume % at C min 75 D8650 volume % at C max 165 D8690 volume % at C max 165 D86Final boiling point, C max 180 D86Sum of 10 % + 50 % evaporatedtemperatures, Cmin 135 D86Recovery, volume % min 97 D86Residue,
24、volume % max 1.5 D86Loss, volume % max 1.5 D86Vapor pressure, 37.8C, kPa min 38.0 D323 orD5191Vapor pressure, 37.8 C, kPa min 38.0 D323 orD5191max 49.0Freezing point, C max -58 D2386Sulfur, mass % max 0.05 D1266 or D2622Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 41.5 D4809Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100C
25、 max No. 1 D130Corrosion, copper strip, 2 h at 100 C max No. 1 D130Oxidation stability (5 h aging) D873Potential gum, mg/100 mL max 6Water reaction D1094Volume change, mL max 2Electrical conductivity, pS/m max 450 D2624Tetraethyl Lead, g Pb/L max 0.013 D3237 or D5059Total Aromatics, vol % min 70 D13
26、19 or D6733D7719 14a26.2.1 DyesThe total maximum concentration of dye in the fuel is 6.0 mg/L.6.2.1.1 The only blue dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially 1,4-dialkylaminoanthraquinone.6.2.1.2 The only yellow dyes in the finished fuel shall be essentially p-diethylaminoazobenzene (Col
27、or Index No. 11021) or1,3-benzenediol 2,4-bis (alkylphenyl)azo-.6.2.1.3 The only red dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially alkyl derivatives of azobenzene-4-azo-2-naphthol.6.2.1.4 The only orange dye present in the finished fuel shall be essentially benzene-azo-2-napthol (Color Index
28、 No. 12055).6.2.2 Other AdditivesThese may be added in the amount and of the composition specified in the following list of approvedmaterials. The quantities and types shall be declared by the manufacturer.Additives added after the point of manufacture shall alsobe declared.6.2.2.1 AntioxidantsThe f
29、ollowing oxidation inhibitors may be added to the fuel separately, or in combination, in totalconcentration not to exceed 12 mg of inhibitor (not including weight of solvent) per litre of fuel.(1) 2,6-ditertiary butyl-4-methylphenol.(2) 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol.(3) 2,6-ditertiary butylphe
30、nol.(4) 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary butylphenol plus 25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary butylphenols.(5) 75 % minimum di- and tri-isopropyl phenols plus 25 % maximum di- and tri-tertiary butylphenols.(6) 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary butylphenol plus 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimet
31、hyl tertiary butylphenols.(7) N,N-di-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine.(8) N,N-di-secondary-butyl-para-phenylenediamine.6.2.2.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII)One of the following materials may be used:(1) Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA, propan-2-ol), in accordance with the requirements of Specification D4
32、171 (Type II). May be usedin concentrations recommended by the aircraft manufacturer when required by the aircraft owner/operator.(2) Di-Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME), conforming to the requirements of Specification D4171 (Type III).May be used in concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15 volume %
33、 when required by the aircraft owner/operator.(3) Test Method D5006 can be used to determine the concentration of Di-EGME in aviation fuels.NOTE 1Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) may reduce knock ratings below minimum specification values.6.2.2.3 Electrical Conductivity AdditiveStadis 450 in conc
34、entrations up to 3 mg/Lis permitted. When loss of fuel conductivitynecessitates retreatment with electrical conductivity additive, further addition is permissible6.2.2.4 Corrosion Inhibitor AdditiveThe following corrosion inhibitors may be added to the fuel in concentrations not toexceed the maximum
35、 allowable concentration (MAC) listed for each additive.DCI-4A MAC = 24.0 g/m3DCI-6A MAC = 15.0 g/m3HITEC 580 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5403 MAC = 22.5 g/m3NALCO 5405 MAC = 11.0 g/m3UNICOR J MAC = 22.5 g/m3SPEC-AID 8Q22 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 351 MAC = 24.0 g/m3TOLAD 4410 MAC = 22.5 g/m37. Detailed Require
36、ments7.1 The high-octane unleaded fuel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.7.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. No allowance shall bemade for the precision of the test methods. To determine the conformance to the s
37、pecification requirement, a test result may berounded to the same number of significant figures as in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determinations are made, theaverage result, rounded according to Practice E29, shall be used.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The high-octane unle
38、aded fuel specified in this specification shall be free from undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. No substances of known dangerous toxicity, under usual conditions of handling and use, shall be present except aspermitted in this specification.9. Sampling9.1 Because of the importance of
39、proper sampling procedures in establishing fuel quality, use the appropriate procedures inPractice D4057 or Practice D4177.9.1.1 Although automatic sampling following Practice D4177 may be useful in certain situations, initial manufacturer/supplierspecification compliance testing shall be performed
40、on a sample taken following procedures in Practice D4057.D7719 14a39.2 A number of high-octane unleaded fuel properties, including copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, and others are verysensitive to trace contamination which can originate from sample containers. For recommended sample contain
41、ers, refer to PracticeD4306.10. Reports10.1 The type and number of reports to ensure conformance with the requirements of this specification shall be mutually agreedto by the purchaser and the supplier of the high-octane unleaded fuel.11. Test Methods11.1 The requirements enumerated in this specific
42、ation shall be determined in accordance with the following ASTM testmethods:11.1.1 Knock Value (Lean Rating)Test Method D2700.11.1.2 Tetraethyl LeadTest Methods D3237 or D5059.11.1.3 DensityTest Methods D1298 or D4052.11.1.4 DistillationTest Method D86.11.1.5 Freezing PointTest Method D2386.11.1.6 V
43、apor PressureTest Methods D323 or D5191.11.1.7 Net Heat of CombustionTest Method D4809.11.1.8 SulfurTest Methods D1266 or D2622.11.1.9 Corrosion (Copper Strip)Test Method D130, 2 h test at 100C in bomb.11.1.10 Potential Gum and Visible Lead PrecipitateTest Method D873 except that wherever the letter
44、 X occurs (referring tooxidation time) insert the number 5, designating the number of hours prescribed in this specification.11.1.11 Water ReactionTest Method D1094.11.1.12 Electrical ConductivityTest Method D2624.11.1.13 Aromatic ContentTest Methods D1319 or D6733.12. Keywords12.1 aviation fuel; bi
45、nary; high-octane; unleadedAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. BINARY FUEL COMPOSITIONX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 A new high-octane unleaded fuel has been developed for reciprocating aircraft engines. The two essential performanceparameters of MON and VP are inversely related with respect to compositi
46、on and thus can uniquely define a composition rangeof the two components. The values for VP and MON in Table 1 reflect the limiting values of the two components. The binary fuelexhibits a higher volumetric energy density (net heat of combustion times density) which is of great performance interest,
47、althoughnot explicitly stated in Table 1. The distillation parameters reflect the binary compositional effects. This is an unleaded fuel, so thelimit of TEL in Table 1 is the same as is used in Specification D4814 for mogas and is meant to mitigate unintentionalcontamination by TEL. Lastly, referenc
48、es to dyes remain in the specification so that test groups may use them as necessary. Thisspecification covers a high-octane unleaded fuel developed for existing spark-ignition aircraft engines.X1.2 CompositionX1.2.1 The origin of the fuel lies in two essential engine performance parameters: Motor O
49、ctane Number, and Vapor Pressure. Fig.X1.1 shows the inverse relationship of these two parameters as a function of mesitylene composition.X1.2.2 These two parameters coupled with the fact that the fuel is a binary composition, fix the effective composition range asfollows:(1) High-Octane Composition: 84% mesitylene 16% isopentane(2) High Limit Reid Composition 79% mesitylene 21% isopentaneD7719 14a4X1.2.3 These limits are proposed to define the binary fuels test fuel specification composition.FIG. X1.1 Motor Octane Number and Vap
