1、Designation: D7741/D7741M 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Apparent Viscosity of Asphalt-Rubber orOther Asphalt Binders by Using a Rotational HandheldViscometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7741/D7741M; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The use of high-viscosity asphalt bi
3、nders like asphalt-rubber is becoming more common in the United States andworldwide. Specifications such as Specification D6114 note theneed for field control of the apparent viscosity and require theuse of a field production rotational viscometer. The testing ofasphalt-rubber binder for use in asph
4、alt-rubber hot mix and forasphalt-rubber membrane is necessary to ensure consistent mixproperties that will ensure good performance of these materi-als. Logistics of field applications limits the use of conven-tional laboratory controls and testing equipment. This test,using a handheld rotational vi
5、scometer can be conducted ineither the field or laboratory to determine the apparent viscosityof asphalt-rubber and other high-viscosity binders for fieldproduction control and to assess the uniformity of the binderproduced or for other related purposes.1.2 Asphalt-rubber binder consists of a blend
6、of pavinggrade asphalt cement and crumb rubber as described inSpecification D6114. Other high-viscosity asphalt binders mayconsist of asphalts modified with polymer or fiber, or both.Testing is performed following the specified reaction time, ifany, within the production process. Control of the raw
7、materi-als is separate from the test.1.3 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the twosystems may result in n
8、oncompliance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitatio
9、ns prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech
10、nicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D6114 Specification for Asphalt-Rubber Binder3. Significance and Use3.1 This test is primarily used for field production control ofasphalt-rubber (A-R) and other high-viscosity binders;however, the test can also be use
11、d in a laboratory setting.3.2 A handheld rotational viscometer is used to measure theapparent viscosity of a completed blend of A-R or high-viscosity binder. A rotor (spindle), turning at constant speed, isinserted in the liquid binder to be measured. The resistance tomovement of the spindle (torque
12、) caused by the viscosity of thesurrounding liquid is measured using a special mechanism toobtain direct readings in Pas or cP.NOTE 1Spindle generally made of stainless steel, although anothermetal such as brass could be used.3.3 The measured apparent viscosity is used to control theproduction of th
13、e A-R or other high-viscosity binder, to assessthe uniformity of the binder produced or for other relatedpurposes.3.4 As the spindle turns in the A-R or other high-viscositybinder, it has a tendency to “drill” into the sample (i.e., forA-R,the spindle spins the rubber particles out of the measuremen
14、tarea). Consequently, the apparent viscosity drops to reflect onlythe liquid phase of the high-viscosity binder. Therefore, thepeak viscosity measurement value is recorded to reflect theviscosity of the blended material.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Pav
15、ing Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 onRheological Tests.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7741/D7741M 111. DOI: 10.1520/D7741_D7741M-11R17.2For referenced ASTM standards
16、, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
17、28-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn
18、ical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Apparatus4.1 ViscometerHandheld, rotational-type viscometer (seeFig. 1). The viscometer shall be equipped with a level bubbleto ensure proper orientation of the viscometer in the sample tobe tested. Spindle (rotor) speed typically 62.5 rpm, howevermay vary
19、with different manufacturers.4.2 Spindle (Rotor)Diameter 24 6 1.1 mm. 1.0 60.05 in.; Height 53 6 0.1 mm 2 6 .005 in. or equivalent(see Fig. 2).4.3 ThermometerDigital with metal jacket probe, 1-C2-F precision.4.4 Sample Can4-L 1-gal metal can with wire bale.4.5 Viscosity Standard OilsCalibrated in ab
20、solute viscos-ity in Pas centipoises cP and in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 Pas1000 to 5000 cP.4.6 Controllable Heat Source, such as a hot plate, gas stoveor burner, etc., to maintain the test temperature of the A-R orhigh-viscosity binder sample during viscosity measurement.FIG. 1FIG. 2D7741/D7741M 11 (
21、2017)24.7 Viscometer HolderClean metal can or some type offrame where the viscometer can be stored between tests.5. Calibration Verification5.1 Calibration of the rotational viscometer shall be verifiedprior to use at each site per manufacturers instructions usingthe reference viscosity standard oil
22、s.6. Sampling6.1 The sample shall consist of at least 3 L 0.75 gal of thecompleted mixture of A-R or other high-viscosity binder.Obtain the sample from an appropriate sample valve located tointercept the normal flow of material during production.Perform sampling and testing in close proximity to the
23、 plantoperation to avoid undue temperature loss during handling.6.2 Prior to sampling, draw at least 3 L 0.75 gal from thesampling valve and discard. Then open the sample valve anddraw approximately 3 L 0.75 gal into a new, clean sample canfor testing.7. Test and Sampling Procedure7.1 As immediately
24、 as practical, place the sample containerwith the drawn sample on a smooth, level support for finalpreparation and testing. Set the open sample container on orover the controllable heat source as appropriate7.2 Manually stir the sample using an appropriate metal stirrod to prevent scorching or burni
25、ng. Use of the temperatureprobe for stirring is permitted.7.3 Continue stirring until a consistent specified test tem-perature is achieved. The test temperature shall be within62C65 F of the specified test temperature. The actual testtemperature shall be recorded with viscosity data. Typical testtem
26、peratures are 175 C 350 F or 190 C 375 F, or asspecified.7.4 Insert the viscometer spindle, without plugging the ventholes of the spindle, into the hot A-R or other high-viscositybinder near the edge of the sample container for about 1 min toequilibrate to the sample temperature. Then move it to the
27、 testlocation, approximately at the center of the sample, to make theviscosity measurement. Immerse the spindle in the A-R orother high-viscosity binder to the manufacturers depth markon the connecting shaft. Use the level bubble to align thespindle perpendicular to the binder surface and level thev
28、iscometer.After immersing the viscometer spindle in the A-R or otherhigh-viscosity binder at the test location for 5 to 10 s, engagethe viscometer and take a viscosity measurement in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions. Record the viscometerpeak measurement as the viscosity test reading. T
29、he timeinterval between stirring, immersion of the spindle, and testingshall be approximately 15 s, and in no case greater than 20 s.Three measurements shall be taken and averaged and reportedas the viscosity. Between measurements the viscometer spindleshould be moved away from the center (without r
30、emoving itfrom the A-R or other high-viscosity binder sample) and thesample should be thoroughly stirred again.7.5 To clean the spindle assembly, return the viscometer toholder with spindle suspended in a suitable solvent. Beforeusing the spindle again, wash off the solvent and dry thespindle to avo
31、id solvent contamination of the next sample.8. Reporting of Results8.1 Report the test date, test temperature in C or F to thenearest degree and each of the three test viscosities to thenearest 0.1 Pas or 100 cP. Also report the average of the threeviscosities to the nearest 0.1 Pas or 100 cP.NOTE 2
32、Other information may be reported such as: project nameand/or number, location of plant, material (A-R or other high-viscositybinder), supplier, equipment model.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory asphalt-rubber (A-R)round-robin study was conducted to develop the precision ofthe tes
33、t and detailed results of that study can be found inASTMReport Number D04-1039, entitled “Interlaboratory HandheldViscometer A-R Round Robin Study to Estimate the Precision(Repeatability and Reproducibility) of the Proposed ASTMStandard Handheld Viscometer Test Method.”3The study wasconducted in Aug
34、ust 2010 on a construction project in thePhoenix, Arizona metropolitan area. For the purposes of thatstudy, twelve 1-gal cans of A-R were tested in the field usingthe handheld viscometer at 177 C 350 F in accordance withthe most current ASTM handheld viscometer draft testingstandard. The cans were l
35、abeled from one to twelve forpurposes of distribution to five laboratories to conduct the sametest conducted in the field with the same type of equipment.Two cans were selected at random and were delivered to eachof the five laboratories. Each laboratory reported the threeviscosity measurements that
36、 they took for each sample. Fromthis testing along with the three test measurements taken duringconstruction for all twelve samples, it was possible to developthe precision statements for single-operator and multi-laboratory.9.1.1 Single-Operator Precision Statement (Repeatability):9.1.1.1 Duplicate
37、 values by the same operator using thesame test equipment in the shortest practical period of timeshall be considered not equivalent if the difference in the tworesults, expressed as a percent of the mean, exceeds 12.0 %.9.1.2 Multi-Laboratory Precision (Reproducibility):9.1.2.1 The values reported
38、by each of two laboratories,representing the arithmetic average of duplicatedeterminations, shall be considered not equivalent if they differby more than 22.0 %.9.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe procedure in this test method for measuring viscositybecause no material having a
39、n accepted reference value isavailable.10. Keywords10.1 asphalt-rubber; handheld rotational viscometer; viscos-ity3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D04-1039. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.orgD7741/D774
40、1M 11 (2017)3This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addres
41、sed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at th
42、e address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11 (2017)4
